본 논문은 한국, 독일, 일본의 화학기업의 혁신경영의 구성요소를 실증적으로 비교분석하였다, 실증적 분석의 대상은 설문지 조사에 참여한 총 121개의 화학기업(한국 36개, 독일 50개, 일본 35개)이었다. 본 논문에서는 혁신경영의 구성요소를 (1) 혁신에 대한 계획, (2) 혁신에 대한 조직, (3) 혁신과정(아이디어 창출단계, 아이디어 수용단계, 아이디어 실험단계), (4) 혁신에 대한 통제 등으로 나누어 분석하였다. 혁신에 대한 계획은 독일의 화학기업에서는 $quot;시장지향적$quot;으로, 한국과 일본의 화학기업에서는 $quot;비용(원가)지향적$quot;으로 이루어지고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 혁신에 대한 조직구조로서 독일의 화학기업은 기능적 조직구조를, 한국과 일본의 화학기업은 제품지향적 조직 구조를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 혁신과정과 관련하여 조사대상국 사이에 많은 차이점들이 발견되었다. 특히 이 중에서도 아이디어 창출단계에서 볼 때, 한국의 화학기업은 $quot;기술수입$quot;에 주로 의존하고 있으며, 독일의 화학기업은 $quot;학문지향적 연구개발활동$quot;에 중점을 두고 있으며, 일본의 화학기업은 $quot;기술적 독립을 위한 과도기$quot;에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 밖에 혁신에 대한 통제에 있어서 한국과 일본의 화학기업은 독일의 화학기업에 배해 경제성 분석을, 독일의 화학기업은 한국과 일본의 화학기업에 비해 환경보호를 중요하게 고려하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

Main theme of this study is the acceptance phase of western architectural culture in modern east-north asia through a series of actual survey and typological analysis of existing church buildings in modern Korea. China. Japan. For this study, 126 modern church buildings of Korea, China, Japan are selected. Also, main subject of this study has deal with the side of culture - thought which background of christianity acceptance and acceptance mind of acceptance main-body, culture adaptation and transformation based on characteristic culturalization of Korea, China, Japan. Especially, I would consistently tried to see the acceptance phase of western architectural culture according to differential acceptance mind of acceptance main-body based on characteristic culturalization of three countries. Conclusively, in the point of view of western architectural culture acceptance phase, it could be said that Korean church architecture had characterized as a blending phase of the two eclectic architectural culture. And in the case of china, as a coexistance phase of the two architectural culture with more western style-oriented. On the other hand, Japanese church architecture had characterized as a syncretism phase of the both traditional and western architectural culture, though it is eclectic style-oriented. Therefore, it is thought that different acceptance mind of western culture had main factors caused of differential acceptance phase, when the two architectural culture, the traditional and the western, encounters.

After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, correspondents of Chosun called on Japan twelve times, as a mission, from 1607 to 1811. The suite of Chosun Communication Facilities (correspondents) was composed of nearly 500 people including a senior envoy, a junior envoy, other envoyes, and cooks. After preparing traveling expenses, Sifts, foods, medicinal stuffs, and ginseng, they shipped people and freight in three passenger ships and three freighters. They departed from Pusan for Edo(Tokyo). There were 28 stop-overs on their way to Edo and the banquet was given for them at every stop. The arrangements of the table for each banquet were made up of 753 Seon(tables), 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). 753Seon(tables) is Ganban(the table for decoration) and a substantial food reception was composed of 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). 753Seon(tables) was called Dadopoong(the food of refreshment) style and this was the standard arrangement of the banquet table in Japan. It was comprised of 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). On their way from Edo to Thusima Island, food was afforded to correspondents for later preparation and dining. The banquet that the master of Thusima Island gave was composed of the first and second style banquets. The first one was Chusun style and the second one was Japanese style.

Food goods traded between Korea and Japan during the middle period of the Cho Sun era included Insam (Jinseng), rice, beans, honey, perilla oil, starch, adlay, walnuts, pine nuts, jujubes, hazelnuts, and dired chestnuts as exports ; and pepper as imports. The number of Japanese envoies that visited regularly was one thousand five hundred people a year. The receptions that were held for them during the middle period equaled those of the first term of the Cho Sun era, but these receptions were only held in Pu-san. The expense of daily meals was broken down into 8 grades ranging from \129,300 to 2133. The daily meals included Jo-ban (breakfast), Jo-seok-ban (breakfast and dinner), and Ju-jeom-shim (lunch) for the Japanese who visited regularly. During the course of a year, the total amount spent on daily meals was put at a billion won. The banquet style meals included Ha-seon-da-rye (a welcome tea party), Ha-seon-yeon (a welcome banquet), No-cha-yeon (a banquet that was held on the street), and Ye-dan-da-rye (a drink banquet that was held when silk was offered as a gift). It also included Byeol-yeon (a banquet out of the dordinary), Sang-seon-yeon (a farewell banquet), and Myong-il-yeon (a banquet that was held on a national holiday). The banquet style meals were composed of Ceon-tack (to set a table for dinner), Sang-hwa (a flower that was put on the food), Kwan-hwa (to offer a flower when a banquet was held), Ju-9-jan (the ninth wine glass), Dae-seon (meat), music, and Jung-bae-rye (a banquet that was held again after a banquet). The Cho Sun government held banquets forty five times for the Japanese, the food expense for the banquets was put at two hundred and thirty million won.

Food goods traded between Korea and Japan during the first term of the Cho Sun era included Omija (fruit of the Maximowiczia chinensis), Jat (pine nuts), Insam (Jinseng), rice, and beans as exports ; and pepper, sugar, and medicinal stuffs as imports. The trade between Korea and Japan was a result of Japanese envoies' visiting. The official number of Japanese envoies who had exchanges with Koreans were two thousand people a year. Once the Japanese entered Korea, they did not need to pay for their living expenses for the length of their visit because the Cho Sun government bore the whole expense. The Cho Sun government gave formal receptions to them, which included daily meals as well as banquet style meals. The daily meals included Jo-ban (breakfast), Jo-seok-ban (breakfast and dinner), and Ju-jeom-sim (lunch). Meals were served four times a day. The banquet style meals included Sam-po-yeon (a banquet that was held in Sam-po), Kyong-joong-young-jeon-yeon (a farewell banquet, and a welcome banquet that was held in Seoul), Jyu-bong-bae (to offer a guest a drink by day), No-yeon (a banquet that was held on the street), Kwol-nae-yeon (a banquet that was held within the Royal Court). It also included Ye-jo-yeon (a banquet that was held in Ye-jo), and Myong-il-yeon (a banquet that was held on a national holiday). The banquet style meals were composed of Ceon-tack (to set a table for dinner), Sang-hwa (a flower that was put on the food), Kwan-hwa (to offer a flower when a banquet was held), Ju-5-jan (the fifth wine glass), Dae-seon (meat), and music.

고정발생원으로 부터 배출되고 있는 이산화탄소를 분리하여 회수 및 재이용하는 기술개발이 에너지 보전 측면에서 뿐만 아니라 환경오염 문제 등을 해결할 수 있는 중요한 과제이다. 특히 내열성, 내식성 및 기계적 강도가 뛰어난 세라믹의 특성을 이용한 기체분리막을 응용한다면 고온으로부터 저온까지의 폭넓은 온도, 압력, 가스조성의 배기가스로부터 이산화탄소를 분리하는 것이 가능해 진다. 따라서 본 총설에서는 현재 일본에서 국책과제로 진행되고 있는 이산화탄소의 고온분리에 대한 연구개발(이하, 'CO2 프로젝트'로 약칭) 현황을 소개하고자 한다.

한국산 청주 두 종류, 일본산 청주 다섯 종류의 당을 HPLC 및 TLC로 비교 분석하였다. 총당은 한국산, 일본산 모두 평균 4.69%를 나타냈고, 한국산은 4.21% 및 4.93%를 나타냈다. 글루코오스는 평균 3.23%를 나타냈고, 한국산은 3.29%, 3.68%를 나타냈다. 말토오스에서 말토옥타오스까지의 말토올리고당은 평균 1.46%를 나타냈다. 청주의 당을 사람타액 α-amylase와 Aspergillus awamori α-glucosidase로 가수분해한 결과 모두 글루코오스로 가수분해되어 비피두스균 활성화 효과는 적은 것으로 나타났다.

한국산 맥주 3종류, 일본산 맥주 21 종류의 한계덱스트린을 에탄올 침전법으로 분리하였다. 한계 덱스트린의 양은 평균 1.1%로 전체 당 3.15%의 34.5%를 나타냈다. FPLC 분석 결과 한계 덱스트린은 평균 글루코오스 잔기 25개 정도로 형성된 것으로 나타났다. ^1H-NMR 분석으로 한계 덱스트린의 α-1, 4- 결합에 대한 α-1, 6-결합의 비율은 평균 1:0.183을 나타냈다. 한계 덱스트린을 α-아밀라아제와 α-글루코시다아제로 5시간 가수분해하여 소화성을 평가한 결과 평균 57.22% 가수분해되었다. 그 중 한국산 맥주의 한계 덱스트린이 가장 높은 소화성 70.38%를 나타냈다. 아밀라아제로 소화된 부분과 에탄올 침전법으로 상징액으로 제거된 작은 당을 합하면 평균 86%가 소화성당으로, 14%가 비피두스균 증식 인자로 평가된다.