연구는 옥상녹화의 식물선정의 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 서 울시의 지원을 받아 2010년부터 2012년까지 조성된 옥상녹화지160개소를 대상으로의 실재 식재에 사용된 식물과 식재 빈도를 조 사, 분석하였다. 대상지에 사용된 식재 식물은 녹화의 유형에 따라 다양한 형태의 식물이 식재된 것으로 조사되었으며, 초본류의 경우 293종, 관목류의 경우 105종, 교목류의 경우 65종의 식물이 식재 에 사용되었다. 본 연구의 조사결과 식재에 사용된 수종은 집중적 인 관리를 통해 유지되는 일반 조경 녹지의 식재 수종과 크게 차이 가 없었으며, 장기적으로 볼 때 녹화의 지속성을 유지할 수 있고, 경 관 및 기능적 관점을 고려한 식물 수종이 선정되어야 할 것이라 판 단된다. 부족한 녹지공간을 대체하기 위한 대안으로 옥상녹화 조성 지가 증가함에 따라 향후 옥상녹화는 옥상이라는 인공지반위에 녹 지를 도입하는 수준의 개념을 벗어나 생물 서식지의 개념으로 접근 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 설계단계에서 식재 및 관리에 이르기 까지 양호한 식물을 선정해야하며, 추후 이에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

본 연구는 옥상녹화에서 무기질계 인공토와 유기질계 인공토가 초본인 돌나물과 목본인 순비기나무의 생육에 미치는 영향을 살펴 봄으로써 유기질계 인공토의 효용성을 제시하고자 한다. 연구기간 은 2013년 5월에서 10월로 약 5개월이며, 식물종은 초본류에 돌나 물을, 목본류에 순비기나무를 대상으로 무기질계 인공토(Inorganic substrate=perlite, IOS), 자연토(natural soil, NS), 유기질계 인공 토Ⅰ(organic substrate=artificial compost Ⅰ, OS1), 유기질계 인공토 Ⅱ(organic substrate=artificial compost Ⅱ, OS2)로 구 성하였다. 돌나물의 초장, 줄기수, 엽수, 상대엽록소함량비는 유기 질계 인공토 Ⅰ처리구(OS1)> 자연토 처리구(NS)> 무기질계 인 공토(IOS) 순으로 높았으며, 통계적인 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 생체중 과 건물중 또한 OS1, NS, IOS 처리구 순으로 생육결과와 비교적 유사한 경향을 보였다. 순비기나무는 수고, 경경, 엽장, 엽폭은 유기 질계 인공토 Ⅱ(OS2)> 자연토 처리구(NS)> 무기질계 인공토 (IOS) 순으로 유의적으로 높았으며, 특히 유기질계 인공토 Ⅱ 처리 구에서 단기간의 실험임에도 불구하고 그 차이가 뚜렷했다. 이에 옥상녹화의 식재지반에서 무기질계 인공토의 단용처리는 식물생 육에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 식물생육을 위한 적정비율 의 유기질계 인공토의 활용이 요구된다.

This study, the urban energy used office building green roof type composition of the target by analyze building energy reductions. Green roof is total 6 types(type A~F) were selected, EnergyPlus the energy simulation programs were used. Top floor of green roof types evaluation, the reduction of the cooling peak load type E(1.26%), type D(1.30%), type C(1.37%), type B(1.45%), type F(1.49%), and heating peak load is type D(1.32%), type E(1.40%), type C(1.47%), type F(1.69%), type B(2.13%) order. Annual cooling load of heating load is reduced more than about 1% effect. The heating load reduction ratio for a maximum of 9% respectively. Cooling peak load of the building energy performance evaluation of type F ＞type B ＞type C ＞type D ＞type E in the order and in the case of peak loads heating type B ＞type F ＞type D ＞type E ＞type C order. Annual total energy use reduction of 1.07 to 1.22% and earn, type B in the best good. In primary energy use reductions in the presence of a green roof were in the 4249~4876 kWh/yr. Annual CO2 emissions reductions of unapplied type A were analyzed on average 469.78 kg.

This study investigated the effects of soil depths and soil organic fertilizer application on the growth characteristics of Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ in a extensive green roof system. The treatments were 3 soil depths (10, 15 and 25 cm) and 5 soil types in mixture of artificial soil and organic fertilizer. We measured plant height, leaf width, leaf length, number of flowers, visual quality and survival rate from March to October in 2011. The growing medium of 10 cm soil depth showed the highest plant growth in A1 (amended soil 100%), and the lowest plant growth in O1A4 (organic fertilizer 20% + amended soil 80%) treatment. In case of 15 cm soil depth, Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ showed a high leaf length and visual quality in O1A2(organic fertilizer 33% + amended soil 67%) treatment and high leaf width and number of flowers in O1 (organic fertilizer 100%) treatment. A1 treatment without organic fertilizer showed the lowest leaf length and poorest visual quality, and O1A4 treatment showed the lowest plant height and lowest number of flowers. At soil depth 25 cm, O1A1 (organic fertilizer 50% + amended soil 50%) treatment showed greater plant height, visual quality and number of flowers than other treatments. The leaf length and leaf width were more effective in O1 treatment. A1 treatment showed a relatively low leaf length, leaf width and visual quality. The higher the organic conditioner, the better the plant growth. And, survival rates of Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ showed 92%, 88% and 76% at soil depths of 25 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm, respectively, in this a extensive green roof system. Therefore, the results showed that the growth of Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ was affected by both soil quality and soil depth. Different optimal mixtures of organic fertilizer and amended soil were determined, depending upon soil depth.

This was an experimental study to evaluate temperature reduction and evapotranspiration of extensive green roof. Three test cells with a dimension of 1.2(W)×1.2(D)×1.0(H) meters were built using 4-inch concrete blocks. Ten-centimeter concrete slab was installed on top of each cell. The first cell was control cell with no green roof installed. The second and third cells were covered with medium-leaf type Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) above a layer of soil. Soil thickness on the second cell was 10cm and that on the third cell was 20cm. Air temperature, relative humidity and solar irradiance were measured using AWS (automatic weather system). Temperature on top surface and ceiling of the control cell and temperature on top surface, below soil and ceiling of green roof cells was measured. Evapotranspiration of the green roof cells were measured using weight changes. Compared with temperature difference on the control cell, temperature difference was greater on green roof cells. Between two green roof cells, the temperature difference was greater on the third cell with a thicker soil layer. Temperature differences below soil and on ceilings of green roof cells were found greater than those of the control cell. Between the green roof cells, there was no difference in the temperature reduction effects below soil and on ceilings based on substrate depth. In summary, green roof was found effective in temperature reduction due to evapotranspiration and shading effect.

The purpose of this study, the type of rooftop learn more about the psychological benefits to users has been carried out, and healthy college students were examined in 40 patients. Conduct research to make the rooftop of the type of lawn, trees, ecological garden, wetland biotope, flowering plant in Seoul were divided into six groups. Measurement methods based on the type designation of the Planting and landscape photography by once the participants for each 10 minutes to watch and mood state tests (POMS) and the mean fractionation (SD), based on survey information about the psychological effects were correlated. Mood States test lawn, tree-oriented type, flowering plant stability in type, kindness, openness, and the effect of raising warme there was a tension, anxiety, depression, anger inhibition was effective. In contrast, depression and fatigue are common rooftop greening, respectively. The results in terms of the psychological effects of the type of rooftop garden ecology and wetland biotope than lawn, tree-oriented type, flowering plant types of users with a positive psychological effect seemed to be better.

Green roof policies has helped to advance urban greening by creating green spaces on previously unused rooftops. However, there are no requirements covering matters such as greening methods, operation and maintenance obligations and many problems for sustainability and functioning of green roof and green space have been pointed out. This research is intended to clarify the contents and criteria of green roof policies currently implemented in Korea, Japan and other countries, compare them with the evaluation criteria for sustainable and public benefit rating systems and propose comprehensive indices for evaluating the multidimensional functions of green roof from the perspective of urban open space. As a result, it is found that obligation, grant, reimbursement, density bonus and tax credit are frequently used as green roof policies and 41 criteria including percentage of greening area, percentage of trees or shrubs, reduction of heat island effect, open space, landscape, and promotion of biodiversity are identified as criteria applicable to evaluating the multidimensional functions of green roof from the perspective of urban open space, respectively.

Hydrophilic polymer is suitable as soil conditioners for green roofs that use rainwater, due to promotion of water retention capacity as well as enhancement of the water absorbing capacity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of hydrophilic polymer concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8% w/w) on the water holding capacity and growth response of 6 species in soils amended with hydrophilic polymer in 5 cm of soil thickness on green roofs. The results showed that the water holding capacity of the amended soil improved with increasing amount of applied polymer. The application of 0.8% w/w of the polymer increased the soil moisture by 87% compared to the control, and decreased slowly in green roofs during an arid period. The growth of Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis increased significantly and had greater than 60% relative coverage with higher hydrophilic polymer concentrations. However, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans had no significant differences upon change of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. In Carex kujuzana and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata', growth decreased with increase of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. 30 days after planting, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Carex kujuzana, and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata' died back due to lowest soil thickness (5 cm), but Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis had greater than 90% survival.

4가지 인공배합토 모두는 용적밀도와 포장용수량을 고려할 때에 초본류를 적용한 저관리․경량형 옥상녹화뿐만 아니라 관목류를 적용한 혼합형 또는 관리․중량형 옥상녹화에도 활용 가능할 것이다. 전반적으로 시간이 경과하며 인공배합토 모두는 산성화되며 펄라이트 소립과 펄라이트 소립+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)은 적정한 수준을 나타냈고, 세라소일과 세라소일+자연토양(부피비, 2:1)은 알칼리성을 나타냈다. 펄라이트 소립과 펄라이트 소립+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)은 유기물 함량이 낮게 나타났다. 식재 후 1년이 경과한 후에 4가지 인공배합토 모두는 척박하며 건전한 생육을 저해할 것으로 판단된다. 식재 후 1년이 경과한 후에 4가지 인공배합토에서 자란 3종의 상록활엽수는 먼저 6개월이 경과한 후에서의 식물체와 비교하여 불량한 생육을 보였고, 4가지 인공배합토 상호간에도 서로 다른 생육특성을 나타냈다. 구체적으로 다정큼나무는 세라소일, 세라소일+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)에서 상대적으로 높은 생육량을 나타냈고, 남천은 4종의 인공배합토 모두에서 일반토양과 비교하여 상대적으로 낮은 생육량을 나타냈으며, 영산홍은 펄라이트, 펄라이트+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)에서 상대적으로 높은 생육량을 나타냈다. 이것은 보다 건전한 식물생육을 유도하기 위해서 각각의 상록활엽관목의 생육특성을 고려한 인공배합토의 선정이 필요함을 의미한다고 해석할 수 있으며, 또한 보다 다양한 종류의 상록활엽관목을 옥상녹화에 도입하기 위하여 각각의 인공배합토에서 그 생육특성을 평가하는 것이 필요함을 보여주고 있다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the irrigation intervals and the amount of suitable growing substrate needed to achieve the desired shallow-extensive green roof system during a dry summer in Korea. In terms of treatment, three types (SL, P6P2L2, P4P4L2) with varying soil mixture ratios and two types (15 cm, 25 cm) with varying soil depths were created. The results have been analyzed after measuring growth and soil water contents. The difference of growth by treatment was significant in terms of green coverage, height, leaf width and photosynthesis. In measurement of chlorophyll content, no difference was detected when measured against soil depth. According to the growth measurement of Zoysia japonica with respect to differing soil mixture ratios in the 15 cm-deep treatment, a statistical difference was detected at the 0.05 significance level in photosynthesis. In case of green coverage, height, chlorophyll content and leaf width, no statistical significance was observed. In case of the 25 cm-deep treatment, a statistical significance was observed in height and photosynthesis. In terms of green coverage, chlorophyll content and leaf width, no statistical significance was detected. In comparisons of soil moisture tension and soil water contents, the irrigation interval and amount were 8 days and 14.9 L in the SL (15 cm) treatment, respectively. The irrigation interval showed for 10 days a 1.3-fold increase, and the irrigation amount was 27.4 L 1.8-fold more than SL (25 cm), respectively. For P6P2L2 (15 cm) treatment, the irrigation interval and amount were 12 days and 20.7 L, respectively. However, an irrigation interval under P6P2L2 (25 cm) was for 15 days 1.3 times longer than P6P2L2 (15 cm), and an irrigation amount of 40 L was 1.9 times more than that under P6P2L2 (15 cm). In P4P4L2 (15 cm) treatment, it was indicated that the irrigation interval was 15 days, and the irrigation amount was 19.2 L. It was not needed to irrigate for 16 days under P4P4L2 (25 cm) treatment during the dry summer and the longest no-rain periods. The irrigation interval and amount under P4P4L2 were 1.8-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, more than SL treatment as affected by soil mixture ratio. Comparatively P4P4L2 had more 1.3-fold and 0.9-fold in irrigation interval and amount more than P6P2L2. Therefore, it can be noted that different soil depth and soil mixture ratios had a significant effect on the irrigation interval and amount.

옥상녹화는 부족한 도심내에 녹지를 제공해줌은 물론 현대인들에게 휴식공간을 제공해줄 수 있는 장소로 창출되어 질 수 있다. 본 연구는 오피스 건물의 옥상녹화 도입시, 효율적인 이용방안을 위한 구체적인 조성기법을 제안하고자 하였다. 따라서 옥상녹화가 조성된 오피스 건물 중 4곳을 선정하여 이용자들의 선호도 및 만족도를 조사ㆍ분석하였으며 효율적인 이용활성화를 위한 측면에서 다음과 같은 조성방안을 도출하였다. 이용자 선호도 조사결과, 식재식물에 있어 꽃, 열매, 잎 등의 관상가치가 높은 관목 중심 공간에 대한 선호도가 높았으며 녹지와 휴식공간이 절충되어져 있는 정원형의 선호도가 높은 것으로 조사되어 휴식･녹지공간이 유기적으로 결합된 조성형태가 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다. 바닥포장재에 대한 선호도를 보면 식생을 포함한 바닥소재, 지압보도에 대해 높은 응답률을 보였으며 이는 녹지면적과 운동, 휴게 등의 이용면적의 기능을 동시에 충족시킬 수 있는 다기능적 조성방안의 중요성을 제시할 수 있겠다. 이용자 만족도 조사결과, 각 대상지별로 풍부한 녹지량을 선호하지만 꽃, 열매, 잎 등의 관상가치가 높은 키 작은 관목 중심 공간에 대한 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 옥상녹화 이용도를 높이기 위하여 벤치, 자판기, 수경시설, 운동시설 등의 휴게･여가･경관감상･운동 등 다양한 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 복합적 기능의 녹색공간 조성을 원하는 것으로 조사되었다. 과밀화된 도심에서 옥상녹화는 생태적, 환경적 측면에서 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 인간의 이용적인 측면을 고려하지 않고 단순한 피복 중심의 녹지 차원에서의 조성에는 한계가 있다. 녹지가 가지는 생태적, 환경적 측면의 효과뿐만 아니라 인간에게 주는 긍정적인 기능과 효과에 대한 이해를 통하여 보다 다양한 측면에서의 옥상녹화 조성에 대한 접근이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 오피스 건물의 옥상녹화 활성화를 위해 이용자들의 선호경향을 파악하였으며 이를 토대로 오피스 건물의 효과적인 옥상녹화 및 적극적 이용을 동시에 도모할 수 있는 방안마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 향후, 본 논문의 조사자료를 바탕으로 다양한 건물의 특성에 적합한 녹화구성요소, 이용자들의 요구사항에 부합된 프로그램을 적용, 다기능적 검증이 이루어질 수 있는 구체적인 후속연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.