The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of integrin α3 and integrin β1 in the ameloblastomas. For this study, 10 specimens diagnosed as amoblastomas referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, and 5 specimens of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes were used as experimental and control groups, respectively. The ameloblastomas devided into follicular type, plexiform type, acanthomatous type, and granular cell type. All specimens; experimental and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, and then the serial tissue sections were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed for immunohistochemical observation. The specimens were incubated with primary antibody against integrin α3 or integrin β1, each was diluted at 1 : 100, followed by the Supersensitive non-biotin horse radish peroxidase detection system with DAB as chromogen. After counterstaining with Gill's hematoxylin stain method and mounted, and examined under the light microscope. Based on the intensity of the immunoreactivity, intensity of the immunity was scored no epithelial stain, weak or focal epithelial stain, moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain, intense generalized epithelial staining for the epithelial, and connective tissue component in ameloblastomas, and normal oral mucosa on each. Attained results as follows. Expression of integrin α3 in the oral mucosa, weak reaction was noted on the all layers of epithelium, and submucosa. Expression of integrin β1 in the oral mucosa, intense reaction on the superficial layer, moderate reaction in basal layer were shown. Expression of integrin α3 in ameloblastomas, it was noted that weak reaction on the ameloblast like cells in the all types and rarely in basement membrane. Expression of integrin β1 in ameloblastomas, intense reaction on the tumor cell ,and partly in the nuclei in follicular type was noted, And moderate reaction on the tumor cell in plexiform , acathomatous types, but weak reaction in granular cell type was shown. This results result suggest that integrin α3 may influenced negligibly, but the integrin β1 influenced significantly the development of the ameloblastomas considering the response is increased on the region with highly cellular activities

Although substance P (SP). a potent pro-inflammatory peptide, is involved in inflammation and immune responses, the effect of SP 011 the expression of macl'ophage inJlammatol'Y protein 3a (MIP-3a. CCL20) in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells a l'e unknown Equally as enigmatic is the link between SP. the stress protein heme oxygenase-l (HO-l) , and CCL20 product ion. We investigated whether SP induces the release of chemokine CCL20 from irrunortalized POL (IPDL) cells. and further claif’y SP mediated pathways . We also exarnined the relationship between HO-l and CCL20 by treating POL cells with SP Incubating IPOL cells with SP incl'eased ex pl'ession of CCL20 mRNA and CCL20 protein in a dose-time dependent manner. Highly selective p38 and ERKl/2 inhibitors abl'ogated SP-induced expression of CCL20 lD IPOL cells SP is also responsible fo l' ini tiating phosphorylation of I/( B‘ degl'adation of IK B. and activation of NF-/( B. SP induced expression of HO-l in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner. and CCL20 refl ected similal' patterns. The inductive effects of SP on HO-l and CCL20 were enhanced by HO- l inducer hemin and the membrane-permea ble cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP Conversely, this pathway was inhi bited by the HO-l inhibitor zinc Pl'otoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX) and the selective inhibitor of guanylate cyclase‘ 1H- [1. 2. 4]uxad iazole[4, 3-alquinoxal i n- 1-one (ODQ) We report hel'ein the pathway that connects SP a long with other modulators 0 1' neuroimmunoregulationto the induction of HO-1 and the inflanunatol'y mediatol' MIP- 3a /CCL20 in IPDL cel ls. which play an impol'tant role in the development 0 1' pe- I'iodontitis or inflammation during ol'thodontic tooth movement

The purpose of this study was to evaJ uate the role of integrin a 3 and integrin ß 1 expression in the saivary gJand tumors. For this study, 11 specimens diagnosed as pleomorpic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, mucoe pidermoid carcimoma referred to the Dept. of Oral Pathology‘ School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 2 specimens 01' normaJ submandibular gland tissues were used as experimental, control groups respectively, All the tissues experimental and control group wel'e fixed in neutral formaJin solution and embedded in paraffin, seriaJ tissue section were made 511m in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary antibody against integrin a 3, and integrin ß 1 each was diluted at 1;100 followed by the poly- horse radish peroxidase detection system with DAB as chormogen counterstained with Mayel ’s hematoxylin stain method and mounted And examined unde1' the biologic micro scope with the criteria of no epitheliaJ stain, weak 01' focal epithelial stain, moderate 01' focal intensive epithelial s tain. intense generalized epithelial staining for the epithelial, and connective tissue components in no1'mal salivary gland, and saivary g land tumors : pleomorphic adenoma‘ adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoca1'cinoma, mucoepide1'moid ca1'cinoma on each On the integ1'in α 3 reaction, negative to minimal posit ive reaction was noted on the salivary gland twnors and nor mal subma ndibular gland tlssues On the integrin ß 1 reactions, intense 1'eaction is shown on the serous demilune and ductal cells , and partly on the serous acini in submandibula1' gland tlssues On the integrin ß 1 reactions to pleomorphic adenoma tissues, moderate reactions were noted on the ductal celJs and myoepithelial cells. On the integrin ß 1 reactions to adenoid cystic ca rci noma‘ adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid ca1'cinoma tissues, intense reactions were shown on the neo plastic cell s , This resuJt suggest that integrin a 3. integrin ß 1 could be a 1'ole inducing the tumorigenesis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role 0 1' integrin a 3 and integrin ß 1 in the oral squamous cell ca rcinomas. For this study‘ 10 specimens diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma referred to the Dept. of Oral Pathology. School of Dentis try, Kyung Hee Univers ity, and 5 specimens of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory cha nges were used as experimenta l and co nt rol groups, respectively. AlI s pecimens; experirnental and control group were f ixed in neutral f ormalin so lu tion and embedded in paraffin, and then the serial tissue section were rnade 5i1m in thickness and processed for imrnunohi stochemical observatlon The specimens were incubated with prirnary antibody against integrin a 3 r integrin ß 1‘ each was diluted at 1;100, followed by the super sensit ive non- biotin horse r adish peroxidase detection sys tem with DAB as chromogen‘ After counters ta ining with Gill ’s hematoxylin stain method and mounted and examined under the light microscope. Based on the intens ity of the immunoreactivity, intensity of the immunity was scored no ep ithelial stain, weak 0 1' focal epitheli al sta in, modera te 0 1' focal intensive epithelial stain, intense genera lized epitheli al s taining for the e pithelia l, and co nnective ti ssue component in squamous cell carcinomas, and normal oral mucosa on each Expression of integrin a 3 in t he oral mucosa was negli gible. Expression 0 1' integrin a 3 in expression in the or al s mnus cell ca rcinoma was ve ry wea k, but the express ion was increased in poorly differ entiat ed type of the oral squamous cell carcinomas ln the oral mucosa , expression of in tegr in ß 1 ra nged from weak to moderate in the cytoplasm and the cell membra nes of the kera tini zed and basal cell layer. Nuclei were mainly integrin ß 1 negative‘ but rarely revealed weak expression. ln sq uamous cell carcinoma, expression of integrin ß 1 was ntense notably in the cytoplasm, cell membrane a nd nuclear membra ne Nuclei of several tumor cells revealed moderate expression of integrin ß 1. Expression of integrin ß 1 was increased the poorly diffe rentiated type of in squamous cell carcinoma compare to that in moderate or well diffe rentiated type of oral squamous cell carCllìoma These results suggest integrin a 3 and integrin ß 1 may be influ enced the development and growth of the squamous cell carcima .

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of oxytocin and interleukin-1α on in vitro development of bovine embryo cultured with endometrial epithelial and stromal cells isolated from bovine uterus. The expressions of COX-2 mRNA in bovine endometrium were also studied. When embryos were cultured with epithelial cells, the rate of blastocysts was significantly (p<0.05) higher in embryos treated with oxytocin than that of control group. The rate of hatched blastocysts was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in embryos treated with oxytocin than those of two control groups. On the other hand, when the embryos were cultured with stromal cells, the rate of blastocysts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of groups treated with IL-1α, oxytocin and control with stromal cells than that of control group without stromal cells. The rate of blastocysts hatched were also significantly (p<0.05) higher in group treated with IL-1α than those of control group without stromal cells and oxytocin group. In another experiment, COX-2 gene was expressed in embryo group treated with oxytocin during the co-culture of embryos with epithelial cells. In contrast, COX-2 mRNA was expressed in group treated with IL-1α when the embryos were cultured with stromal cell. This result shows that oxytocin and IL-1α were stimulate embryo development in vitro when embryos were cultured with epithelial and stromal cells, and can affect the development of bovine embryos in the uterus.

Nitric oxide(NO) is a labile, uncharged, reactive radical that functions as a sensitive mediator of intercellular communication in diverse tissues. It has been reported that NO is produced by osteoblast and these results may suggest that NO is integrally involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation and osteoclast resorption activity by osteoblastic cells. We examined the effect of cytokines on NO release by mouse bone marrow cell. We also examined the effects of cytokines and sodium nitroprusside(SNP) on the formation of osteoclast-like cell from mouse bone marrow cells in culture. Cytokines stimulated NO production of mouse bone marrow cells, and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a specific inhibitor of NO synthase, suppressed the cytokine-induced NO production. SNP showed dual action in the generation of osteoclasts. The addition of (30μM)SNP inhibited the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)(+) multinucleated cell, whereas lower concentration(30μM) of SNP enhanced it. Although the precise action of NO remains to be elucidated in detail, the action of NO in osteoclast generation in our studies seems to be associated, at least in part, with bone metabolism and bone pathophysiology.

Bone remodeling is a process controlled by the action of two major bone cells; the bone forming osteoblast and the bone resorbing osteoclast. In the process of osteoclastogenesis, stromal cells and osteoblast produce RANKL, OPG, and M-CSF, which in turn regulate the osteoclastogenesis. During the bone resorption by activated osteoclasts, extracellular Ca²+/PO₄²- concentration and degraded organic materials goes up, providing the hypertonic microenvironment. In this study, we tested the effects of hypertonicity due to the degraded organic materials on osteoclastogenesis in co-culture system. It was examined the cellular response of osteoblastic cell in terms of osteoclastogenesis by applying the sucrose, and mannitol, as a substitute of degraded organic materials to co-culture system. Apart from the sucrose, mannitol, and NaCl was tested to be compared to the effect of organic osmotic particles. The addition of sucrose and mannitol (25, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mM) to co-culture medium inhibited the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells induced by 10 nM (). However, NaCl did exert harmful effect upon the cells in this co-culture system, which is attributed to DNA damage in high concentration of NaCl. To further investigate the mechanism by which hypertonicity inhibits -induced osteoclastogenesis, the mRNA expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were monitored by RT-PCR. In the presence of sucrose (50 mM), RANKL mRNA expression was decreased in a dose-dependent manner, while the change in OPG and M-CSF mRNA were not occurred in significantly. The RANKL mRNA expression was inhibited for 48 hours in the presence of sucrose (50 mM), but such a decrement recovered after 72 hours. However, there were no considerable changes in the expression of OPG and M-CSF mRNA. Conclusively, these findings strongly suggest that hypertonic stress down-regulates -induced osteoclastogenesis via RANKL signal pathway in osteoblastic cell, and may playa pivotal role as a regulator that modulates osteoclastogenesis.

사파이어(α-Al2O3) 단결정에 있어 basal slip (0001)1/3<1120>의 부분전위의 재결합거동을 알아보기 위해 prism plane (1120)의 사파이어 재료를 사용하여 4점 곡강도 시험을 행하였다. 이 굽힘시험은 온도 1200˚C~1400˚C에서 그리고 응력은 90MPa, 120MPa, 150MPa에서 행하여졌다 굽힘시험 동안 basal전위가 이동하기 위해 잠복기가 필요하였다. 실험온도 범위내에서 잠복기의 활성화에너지는 5.6-6.0eV이었으며, 이 잠복기는 자체-상승운동으로 분해된 부분전위들이 재결합하는데 필요한 시간인 것으로 추정되었다. 한편, 이 활성화에너지는 Al2O3에 있어 산소의 자체 확산을 위한 에너지 (대fir 6.3eV)와 거의 일치하였다. 이 결과를 통하여, 두 부분전위들의 재결합은 부분전위사이 적층결함으로 산소 자체확산에 의해 제어되는 것으로 여겨진다.

사파이어 (α-Al2O3) 단결정에 있어 basal slip (0001)1/3<1120>의 전위속도를 4점 곡강도를 이용하여, 측정하였다. 이 곡강도는 온도 1200˚C 에서 1400˚C 그리고 응력은 90MPa, 120MPa, 160MPa에서 행하여졌다. 전위속도는 4 점굽힘 시편의 굽힘변위속도에 의해 구하여졌다. 얻어진 전위속도를 이용하여 전위속도의 온도 및 응력 의존성에 대해 검토하였다. 전위속도의 온도의존성을 이용하여 basal slip 전위속도를 위한 활성화에너지를 구하였으며, 그 값은 대략 2.2±0.4eV이었다. 한편, 전위속도의 응력의존성을 나타내는 응력지수 m은 2.0±0.2이었다.