The ride quality (i.e. smoothness) is a key factor for evaluating the construction quality of expressway asphalt pavement. Conventionally, three paving devices are widely used to control the surface layer thickness: leveling sensor (i.e. LS), short-range-surfacing-contact-ski (i.e. SSCS) and long-range-surfacing-contact-ski (i.e. LSCS). However, each of these levelling tools presents one major drawback. In the case of LS, if the original sub-layer evenness is poor, the final asphalt pavement surface and its smoothness will be negatively affected. The SSCS cannot assure satisfactory smoothness when relatively long paving section (in the order of 10 km) are paved. While the LSCS would reduce the drawback of the SSCS, its weight on the one hand and its length on the other discourage its use in the paving site especially for curved sections. In this paper, a next generation pavement smoothness leveling equipment, known as non-contact-digital-ski (i.e. NCDS) was implemented, evaluated and compared to the conventional equipment leveling device. The international Roughness Index (IRI m/km) was measured on sections paved with and without NCDS and the results visually and statistically compared. In addition, for the same sections, the modulus of the pavement layers was computed and compared by means of Falling Weight Deflectometer (i.e. FWD). It was observed that when NCDS is used for asphalt pavement overlay of existing concrete pavement, significant improvement in IRI (i.e. IRI<1.0m/km) and consistently uniform elastic modulus could be achieved compared to the conventional levelling and paving method.

Recently, maintenance science has been promoted and many advanced equipments have been developed such as GPR surveying, automatic gauging robot, bridge deck inspection robot. And the government - led policy on the fourth industrial revolution affects the R & D field of science and technology, and science for all fields remains a challenge. However, the equipment that has been developed so far is applied separately to each field, so that it is not possible to grasp the state of the entire structure. Therefore, in this study, the applicability of BIM and image information mapping technology in expressway maintenance was analyzed. To accomplish this, a basic analysis was conducted to identify the characteristics of the equipment developed for the current structure inspection and to build a platform to manage the collected data collectively.

4차 산업혁명과 함께 국내외로 최첨단융합기술이 농업 분야에 적용되기 시작하면서, ICT, 스마트팜 등이 농촌 에 보급되기 시작하였다. 그러나 국내 농촌인구수의 지속적인 감소, 고령화로 인하여 최신 기술들의 전파에 어려움이 많은 실정이다. 이에, 다양한 농민 교육 프로그 램이 필요한 가운데, 최근 가상현실 기술이 떠오르면서, 농민교육용 프로그램 개발에 활용을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 현재 가상현실 기술은 교육, 의료, 오락 등 다양한 분야에 응용되고 있으며, 교육효과의 증진, 경제적인 교육, 위험성 감소 등의 장점을 바탕으로 농업 분야에 접목이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다. 특히, 스마트팜의 경우 내부의 환경 조절을 위하여 다양한 기술이 집약되어 운영이 되기 때문에, 농민들이 이러한 공기역학적 환경 분포를 이해하는데 가상현실 기술이 매우 효과적일 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 유동, 온도, 가스 등의 분석 및 측정 결과를 바탕으로 가시화하는 기술이 필요하다. 현장에서 직접 환경 요소를 측정하는 것에 한계가 있기 때문에, 최근 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 전산유체역학을 통 한 농업시설 내의 환경 분포 및 에너지 부하를 분석결 과를 융합하면 용이할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 농민이 대상이기 때문에 사용자 편의성을 고려한 인터페이스 구축이 병행되어야 할 것이다.

This paper reviews on nano-materials as part of a study to apply nano-technology related technologies to the construction field. First, the synthesis method of nano-materials was examined. Secondly, the mechanical application method of nano-materials was investigated. Finally, the analysis method of nano-materials was investigated.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between environmental factors, personal factors, ease of use, usefulness and behavioral intention of delivery application by applying the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). An online survey was conducted based on a self-administered questionnaire to a selected sample who had an experience of using delivery application at least once. The survey was conducted in September, 2017. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for windows and AMOS 24.0. The findings of the study showed that among environmental factors, social influence had a significant effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and facilitating conditions had a significant effect on perceived ease of use only. Among personal factors, anxiety had a significant effect on perceived usefulness, while innovation had a significant effect on perceived ease of use. Both of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a significant effect on behavioral intention. This study suggests the importance of environmental and personal factors for increase of behavioral intention of delivery application.

본 논문에서는 원전해체 시 적용 가능한 제염기술을 조사하여 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 최적의 제염기술을 선정하기 위 해 의사결정 기법(EXPERT-CHOICE)을 사용하여 기술성을 평가하였다. 이 평가방법은 해당 분야의 전문가로 이루어진 전 문가 집단에 의해 수행되는 것이 일반적이다. 가중치를 고려한 결과는 각 기준에 대한 가중치에 평가점수를 곱한 총합을 구 하는 식으로 수행하였다. 평가 점수를 3단계로 하여 High, Medium, Low로 구분한 후 가중치를 부여하여 차별화 시킬 수 있 다. 하위분류 기준의 세분화와 각 기준 별 가중치의 추가 정량화를 통하여 기술성 분석의 수준을 제고할 수 있고, 좀 더 설 득력 있는 결과의 도출을 예상할 수 있다. 평가의 기본 가정은 각 기준 별 가중치를 전문가 조사에 의해 부여하며, 평가 기 준은 High에 좀 더 비중을 주는 식으로 차별화 하였다. 이를 반영하면 H, M, L는 대략“10:5:1”의 비율로 평가 점수를 부여 받는데, 이는 EXPERT-CHOICE 기법의 최적화 분석에 따른 것이다. 최고 및 최저값을 제외한 나머지 결과값의 평균을 평가 치로 고려하였다.

오늘날 우리나라 교육이 창의융합 교육을 강조하고 있음에도 불구하고 창의융합 교육의 중요 요소로서 공간정보기술에 대한 인식은 매우 낮으며 학교 현장에서 공간정보기술을 활용한 교육이 시행되기에는 그 여건이 매우 열악하다. 본 연구는 스마트폰 과 공간정보기술을 활용하여 수업모듈을 개발하고 개발한 수업모듈의 적용을 통해 그 교육적 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 스마트폰과 공간정보기술을 활용한 우리 지역 소음지도 만들기 수업모듈을 개발하였다. 이어서 개발한 수업모 듈을 정규수업, 자율동아리 활동, 창의적 체험활동 프로그램 등 다양한 수업형태에 적용하였다. 적용 결과, 우리 지역에 대한 관심, 공간정보기술 관련 지식, 공간정보기술 활용능력 세 가지 영역에서 모두 유의미한 긍정적 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 학생들과 교사 모두 스마트폰과 공간정보기술을 활용한 수업에 대해 흥미와 효용성 등의 측면에서 긍정적으로 평가하는 것을 알 수 있었다

Foods are becoming more customized and consumers demand food that provides great taste and appearance and that improves health. Food three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology has a great potential to manufacture food products with customized shape, texture, color, flavor, and even nutrition. Food materials for 3D-printing do not rely on the concentration of the manufacturing processes of a product in a single step, but it is associated with the design of food with textures and potentially enhanced nutritional value. The potential uses of food 3D-printing can be forecasted through the three following levels of industry: consumer-produced foods, small-scale food production, and industrial scale food production. Consumer-produced foods would be made in the kitchen, a traditional setting using a nontraditional tool. Small-scale food production would include shops, restaurants, bakeries, and other institutions which produce food for tens to thousands of individuals. Industrial scale production would be for the mass consumer market of hundreds of thousands of consumers. For this reason, food 3D-printing could make an impact on food for personalized nutrition, on-demand food fabrication, food processing technologies, and process design in food industry in the future. This article review on food materials for 3D-printing, rheology control of food, 3D-printing system for food fabrication, 3D-printing based on molecular cuisine, 3D-printing mobile platform for customized food, and future trends in the food market.

Various kinds of processes are used in the Public Sewage Treatment Works(PSTWs) in order to achieve water quality criteria and TMDL in the watershed. The performance of the existing processes at PSTWs depends on influent characteristics, effluent quality target, amount of sludge production, power cost and other factors. In present, the Selection Guideline for the Available Treatment Process of PSTWs is used for a process decision in the country. But there are some problems regarding redundancy of assessment factors and complexity of assessment procedure in the guideline. In this study, we did a test application of AHP for process selection of PSTWs, which propose is to simplify assessment factors such as pollutant removal amount, sludge generation, electricity consumption, stability of operation, convenience of maintenance, easiness of existing process application, installation cost, and operating cost concerning of environmental factors, technical factors and economical factors. According to the study, the PSTWs selection procedure guideline can be improved using application of AHP method.

This study was conducted to find out the effects of Improvement of Botanical Composition Technology (IBCT) on the forage production and ecological characteristics in a Rumex acetosella-dominated hilly pasture in Pyeongchang, in a period from August 2013 to the end of growing season in October 2015. 2MT ha－1 limestone was applied in August 2013 and April 2014. Liming significantly increased soil pH from 4.69 to 5.47 and then the soil pH consistently hovered at 4.91~4.98. For every grazing time, plant height was found to be higher with the application of IBCT as compared with the control. After grazing, no significant difference in plant height was found between the IBCT group and the control. Changes in the botanical composition of grassland can be affected by a lot of circumstances, but application of IBCT decreased Rumex acetosella from 12% to 2%, while also increasing the proportion of pasture. In relation to the botanical composition of grass, orchardgrass and timothy showed the highest percentages throughout the whole study period. The proportion of Kentucky bluegrass increased over time while tall fescue steadily decreased. The totals for grazing days were 58 in 2014 and 55 in 2015. Average herbage dry matter intake was 7,848 kg ha－1 in 2014 and 6,941 kg ha－1 in 2015. Due to the application of IBCT, dry matter productivity showed a significant increase of 59% during the first grazing period in 2014 (3,437 kg ha and 5,460 kg ha in control and IBCT). In 2015, the total dry matter yield of the IBCT group was 51% greater than the control (5,742 kg ha－1 and 8,685 kg ha－1 in control and IBCT). Under acidic soil conditions, red sorrel can grow more strongly than grasses because it has better tolerance in dry and acidic conditions. Therefore, constant management is required in order to keep red sorrel from dominating the hilly pasture. In this study, the application of IBCT was able to effectively control weeds at all points. As a result, total management, including improvement of soil, overseeding, and application of selective herbicide and fertilizer, is needed to maintain excellent grassland conditions due to the limiting effects of environmental factors on grassland productivity.

분자 전산모사는 다양한 화학물질들을 원자 및 분자 수준에서 모델화하여 전산모사를 수행하는 방법으로서, 실험적으로 분석하기 어려운 화학 구조상의 특 징들이 그 물질의 특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 특히, 고분자 분리막의 경우 화학구조가 복잡하고, 이런 복잡한 요소들이 전체 특성에 영향을 미치기 때문에 원자나 분자들의 개별적인 영향을 파악하기 매우 어렵기 때문에, 분자 전산모사 기술이 유용하게 활용되어질 수 있다. 본 발표에서는 다양한 분자 전산모사 기술의 장단점 및 가능성/한계 등을 소개하여 분리막 연구 자 들이 분자 전산모사 기술을 활용하는 데에 있어서 도움을 주고자 한다.

바이오부탄올은 우수한 연료 물성과 기존 연료 인프라를 그대로 사용할 수 있는 장점을 가진 차세대 바이오연료이다. 하지만, 전통적인 바이오부탄올 생산 기술은 낮은 발효 수율과 생산성 그리고 낮은 농도와 이에 따른 높은 분리에너지 비용 등의 기술적 한계를 가지고 있어, 상업화를 위해서는 이러한 한계를 극 복할 새로운 기술 개발이 요구되고 있다. 최근 새로운 발효, 분리 공정 기술의 개발, 적용을 통해 기존 기술의 한계를 극복하고자 하는 연구가 많이 진행되고 있으며, 투과증발기술은 유망한 대안 중 하나로 평가받고 있다. 본 발표에서는 바이오부탄올 생산기술 개발에 있어 투과증발 기술의 적용, 연구 사례를 공유하고자 한다.

Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) is one of the II-VI semiconducting materials, having novel fundamental properties and diverse areas of application such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), electroluminescence, flat panel displays, infrared windows, catalyst, chemical sensors, biosensors, lasers and biodevices, etc. However, despite the remarkable versatility and prospective potential of ZnS, research and development (R&D) into its applications has not been performed in much detail relative to research into other inorganic semiconductors. In this study, based on global patent information, we analyzed recent technical trends and the current status of R&D into ZnS applications. Furthermore, we provided new technical insight into ZnS applicable fields using in-depth analysis. Especially, this report suggests that ZnS, due to its infrared-transmitting optical property, is a promising material in astronomy and military fields for lenses of infrared systems. The patent information analysis in this report will be utilized in the process of identifying the current positioning of technology and the direction of future R&D.

향후 물 산업은 국민소득 증가, 깨끗하고 안전한 물에 대한 수요 증가, 기후변화에 따른 물부족 심화, 인구밀집형 Mega City 부상으로 물재이용 시장이 급성장하는 등 물 전문기업의 서비스 시장 확대가 예상됨에 따라 Membrane 방식의 수처리 선진기술을 보유하고 있는 업체를 중심으로 시장이 재편될 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 또한, 물 산업은 수자원, 상하수, 지하수, 폐수 등 매체별로 분산된 시장이 아니라 토털솔루션을 요구하는 시장으로 변화되고 있는 만큼 물관련 기업의 역할이 매우 높아질 것으로 기대된다. ㈜효성은 지난 20년 가까이 분리막 소재 및 제막 기술에 대한 연구를 진행하여 왔고 이번 발표를 통하여 상업화된 분리막 연구 결과와 실제 적용사례, 이를 바탕으로 차세대 분리막 개발내용까지 소개하고자 한다.

PURPOSES: This study suggests the application of glow line marking technology for reducing traffic accidents at nighttime. METHODS: In this study, using a statistical analysis, we analyzed the characteristics of traffic accidents occurring at nighttime. Next, the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) factors were derived based on a current-status analysis of glow line marking technology and road environments. An SO strategy, ST strategy, WO strategy, and WT strategy were established in accordance with the four SWOT factors. RESULTS : This study suggests that the following strategies should be promoted to apply glow line marking technology to a road environment: 1) an activation strategy for the technological development of glow line markings for a new paradigm in reducing traffic accidents, 2) a benefit enhancement strategy applying glow line marking technology in places where nighttime traffic accidents frequently occur, 3) a strategy for the expansion of glow line marking by replacing streetlights, and 4) a strategy for enhancing road applications through the development of various line marking methods in consideration of both performance and costs. CONCLUSIONS : The application of glow line markings in a road environment can contribute to a reduction of traffic accidents at nighttime, and aid energy savings from the replacement of streetlights.

전세계적으로 화석연료의 과다한 사용으로 인한 지구온난화 및 고유가 시대에 직면하고 있다. 이에 따라 세계 각국은 신재생에너지 개발 및 적용을 통해 지구온난화문제와 에너지 자립화를 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 바이오 메탄은 실현 가능성이 가장 높은 분야의 하나로, 대부분 음식물 쓰레기 처리장, 매립지, 축산폐수 및 하폐수 처리시설에서 혐기성소화공정을 통해 얻어진다. 발생된 메탄가스를 정제하여 고순도로 이용하는 기술은 설치비가 저렴하고 운전이 편리하여 유럽을 비롯한 전세계에서 상용화되어 왔으며 IEA 자료에 의하면 고순도화 플랜트의 설치사례가 2011년 이후 급격히 증가되었다. 본 발표에서는 전세계 정제플랜트의 시장규모, 국내외 기술현황, 화학연구원에서 개발중인 분리막 정제기술의 연구를 소개하고자 한다.

In recent years, with the development of economy, the proportion of building energy consumption in the national energy consumption is growing. To reduce building energy consumption, has become an important measure to reduce energy consumption, and on the basis of general building sustainability into the design is closely related to residential design. To restrict the problems existing in the cold region residential energy saving construction in our country, the study of cold region in winter heating technology to design, is to summarize a set of suitable heating technology applied in the cold region sustainable residential promotion. The article is divided into five parts, the first part is the introduction, describes the research background, contents, methods, purpose, etc.; The second part mainly introduces the passive solar energy heating technology; The third part mainly introduces the sustainability of residential status and development prospects; The fourth part is how to passive solar heating technology is applied to sustainable residence that is application techniques to explore. The fifth part is through the research, the conclusion and the outlook for the future.