본 연구는 서울지역에 위치한 영유아 복지시설 종사자 148명을 대상으로 직무스트레스, 교사효능감, 교사-영유아 상호작용을 분석하고, 직무스트레스와 교사효능감이 교사-영유아의 상호작용에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 분석 결과 연구대상자의 직무스트레스 중 업무 과부하가 가장 높은 수준을 보였으며, 교사효능감의 경우 일반적 교수 효능감이 개인적 교수 효능감보다 높게 나타났다. 교사-영유아 상호작용의 경우 적극적인 활동 참여가 가장 높았으며 기타 하위영역들 또한 비교적 높은 수준을 보였다. 직무스트레스와 교사효능감이 교사-영유아 상호작용에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 직무스트레스 중 원장 지도력 및 행정적 지원 부족 변인이 교사-영유아 상호작용에 가장 크게 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 교사효능감의 경우 교사-영유아 상호작용의 전 하위영역에 걸쳐 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 곧 교사효능감이 높을수록 교사-영유아 상호작용은 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 교사효능감이 교사-영유아 상호작용을 설명하는 수준 또한 매우 높게 나타나 강력한 영향 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 종사자의 직무스트레스 중 원장지도력 및 행정적 지원의 수준을 높일 수 있는 방안 마련, 교사효능감의 수준을 높일 수 있는 제도 마련의 필요성을 제시하였다.

The consumption landscape is currently moving, making it hard for marketers and managers to anticipate consumers‟ needs and behaviors. With the digitalization of their daily life, ways of selling/communicating/involving with consumers has been re-invented, shifting from a traditional brick-and-mortar environment to a click-and-mortar -if not purely digital- one. Besides, consumers themselves have evolved from postmodern values to hypermodern ones: they do not buy a product anymore for purely functional or hedonic values, but for a combination of both. The hypermodern consumer is in on ongoing quest of “meaning” (Lipovetsky, 2004): the products he buys and services he consumes need to „make sense‟ and help him give some meaning to his life. Such life meaning is then communicated to his network, via (among other media) digital tools, turning a traditionally small network (primary group) into a much larger one (take bloggers for instance (Maman Larraufie & Sommer, 2015)). Still, very few consumers switch towards a 100%-digital way of consuming. They tend to melt physical stores along with digital expectations. The store therefore needs to be a showcase of the brand values, aligned with consumers‟ values of consumption. Some studies have even showed that brand and consumer personalities needed to be aligned to create some store involvement and attachment (Wilson, Wagner, & Maman, 2015). Semiotics is a discipline that focuses on understanding how meaning is produced for consumers (analytic process) or can be produced for consumers (constructive process). Therefore, it can be used to design marketing tools to build some meaning for consumers that would be consistent with their consumption values (Harmon, 2005; Mick, 1986). This would enable turning the store/the communication/etc. into some device enabling the consumer to make sense of his life. As presented before, the store is the current point of tension, as the reconciling showcase between virtual and real brand environments. In this presentation, I will stress out how structural semiotics (Greimas, 1966) can pragmatically help brand managers or marketers reconcile the rational and emotional dimensions behind the so-called store experience, while allowing the consumer associate some inherent meaning to the product/service showcased in the store. I will present several positioning deriving from it, and based on the objective of communication associated with the store, using the Jakobson‟s functions of speech (Jakobson & Halle, 2002). I use visual examples from various sectors of activity, from fashion to hospitality including jewelry, etc.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Kinesio taping in each area of the ankle versus the knee to improve balance abilities and proprioception sense. The healthy twenty eight students were divided into two groups, Group A and B. Ankle taping was applied to Group A, and knee taping was applied to Group B. In the ankle taping group, significant increase of dynamic balance abilities was appeared in the forward, left ward and right ward (p<.05). In the knee taping group, there was significant increase of dynamic balance abilities in the forward and left ward (p<.05). There was no significant increase of static balance abilities in both groups. In both groups of ankle and knee taping, there was significant increase of proprioception sense. These findings suggest that ankle and knee taping was helpful for improving dynamic balance abilities and proprioception sense.

This study aimed to explore and interpret the sense of place in Insa-dong a traditional street designated as a cultural district in Seoul through the thoughts and opinions of insiders who actually experience it. The study also aimed to identify a plan for the development and preservation of Insa-dong. Insa-dong was found to have the characteristic of an “unconscious sense of place,” which had formed naturally over time. This characteristic applies to most physical, social, cultural, and experiential elements that make up Insa-dong. It developed as a place of tradition and arts culture, and thus Insa-dong has continued to be a representative place of traditional and Korean culture until the present. While a uniform modern consumer culture is emerging as a result of the integrated designs and socioeconomic changes brought about by urban capitalism, these changes arguably fall within such a range that Insa-dong’s unique, unconscious sense of place is not greatly damaged. Accordingly, Insa-dong as a unique, attractive place where the new cultural characteristic of “modernity” blends appropriately with “traditionality” can be understood as a representative place that expresses Korea’s past and present life. This study is significant because it examined Insa-dong’s sense of place by moving away from expert perspectives and focusing on interviews with insiders. Based on the results, the study developed a plan for the preservation and formation of Insa-dong’s sense of place. Though this study’s results can suggest basic directions and processes for interpreting sense of place, they are limited in terms of suggesting specific planning and design elements. Therefore, a limitation exists in terms of drawing practical implications. Follow-up studies using this study’s suggestions for preserving and improving Insa-dong’s sense of place can formulate more concrete strategies.

The purpose of this study is to design and develop integrated game system for experiential walking exercise. Existing walking exercise is performed outside, so it is influenced by external weather, temperature, time, place and other situation information. Therefore, it is necessary to have an experiential walking exercise game that can induce the recommended level of physical activity for the elderly who have a low interest in health care. The experiential exercise game requires a vision - based system to recognize motion and a smart mat that can recognize walking information. We also developed a walking exercise program to improve the sense of balance and cognitive ability of elderly people. There are 4 types of Walking Exercise Games: 5 levels for beginner, intermediate, and advanced difficulty levels.

Sense of place (SOP) has recently been considered an effective strategy through which to pursue sustainable place development. However, many urban spaces have not usually considered the contribution of built-environment factors to SOP and SOP’s contribution to people’s willingness to revisit for sustainable place. Therefore, this research aims to understand the internal structure of SOP at Daehak-ro, one of the most famous cultural district and tourism sites in Seoul, Korea. Through this study, the sociocultural factor was found to make the greatest contribution to Daehak-ro’s SOP, and SOP was itself found to be highly related to willingness to revisit. These results suggest that non-physical factors could be most important to developing an SOP in urban environments. This study will eventually lead to better understanding of developing SOP, and will contribute to Daehak-ro becoming more sustainable than at present.

Introduction Luxury is an intriguing and alluring concept. The word ‘luxury‘ is used very often in advertisement, indicating something positive, some-thing worth striving after, something worth desiring. This thesis will focus on how luxury, and particularly luxury brands, are created, represented and consumed in an online environment. The Internet has proven to be of great importance for many types of brand when it comes to communicating and providing information to consumers and potential consumers. Luxury brands, however, work on different premises than other brand categories. Thus, luxury brands on the Internet would seemingly be an oxymoron. Given the growing importance of the luxury goods industry in economic terms and the increasing scholarly interest for not only the phenomenon of luxury brands but also luxury brands online (c.f. Dall‘Olmo Riley and Lacroix, 2003), it would seem that more systematic research is warranted on how brands, and luxury brands in particular, are handled on the Internet. The consumption of luxury brands, as opposed to the consumption of physical goods, lies in the difference in ownership. A luxury brand can be ‘consumed’ without the actual owning of a physical good produced by the brand. This type of consumption is instead a sort of merging of the consumers‘ view of themselves with their image of the luxury brand. This relatively new way of viewing consumption is of central importance when viewing brands online. The virtual ownership or ‘consumption‘ of luxury brands also brings with it new forms of expressing ownership or kinship with the luxury brand, as well as with other types of consumer sharing in the affection of a brand. The problems facing luxury brands, is best summed up in the ‘luxury brand paradox‘, in which the core is a balancing act. In this balancing act, the perception of exclusivity surpasses that of actual scarcity. The perception of exclusivity has to be invoked in consumers for the luxury brand paradox to maintain equilibrium. If (or perhaps when) there was an actual scarcity to luxury goods and luxury was truly limited, the consumption of luxuries was quite different from the consumption of luxury brands today. The clicks environment The clicks environment has brought with it not only new ways for brands to communicate with consumers but also for consumers to ‘consume‘ the brands. The following aspects will be emphasized the rise of the Internet and its characteristics, the business logic that is emerging from this, consumers on the Internet and new communication patterns. New to not only luxury consumption, but also retailing and consumption is the entrance of the Internet as a means of distributing, marketing and gaining information on goods and services. The advent of the Internet brought with it a frenzy for no-name and generic brands, as well as some high-priced, status brands to not be left behind in incorporating a clicks environment, with many luxury brands jumping on the bandwagon. Many luxury brands can thus now be viewed and, to some extent, purchased online by anyone having access to a computer. Luxury brands are presenting themselves online and communicating everything from designer influences to products and prices and store listings. On the Internet, old trusted methods cannot be used to the same extent and the migration to an online environment will inevitably bring with it new problems as well as intensify some old ones: the perception of scarcity is harder to create. Maintaining the balance between maximizing profits and evoking feelings of exclusivity is one of the most important tasks for luxury brands. The creation of perception of exclusivity or social desirability in a luxury context is the basis for non-functional demand. This is a balancing act that comes into greater focus with the entrance of the Internet. This research examines the new business logic in the clicks environment from the problems that arise for luxury brands in particular. For mass-producing brands, the clicks environment does not pose the same kind of threat as it does for luxury brands. The cost of marketing could be lowered by using the means provided by the Internet and giving access to products to many new consumers, something that in the case of luxury brands can be a danger. The specific nature of luxury brands and the new business logic on the Internet generate new challenges as well as opportunities. The Internet environment brings with it the fact that luxury brands can be not only consumed but also represented and created in a widely diverse environment. This requires a specific way of viewing consumption, which will be explored in this chapter Representing, creating and consuming luxury brands online The luxury context has been changed with the entrance of the Internet, challenging luxury brand management and forcing luxury brands to act in new ways. Where the borders were previously stricter and the consumption of luxury brands was solely an act between company and consumer and luxury brand identity was communicated from company to consumer, with rather few distractions, the Internet gives rise to many other constellations. The creation of brand image is thus now intertwined and overlapping. For luxury brands to be consumed online by consumers, they have to be represented online. Although the representation can be officially either by the brand or by others, it is when ‘others‘ get involved in luxury brand representation that the preconditions change. The online representation of luxury brands is a basis for luxury brand consumption, but as will be explained later, the consumption taking place online does not have to involve purchase of actual physical goods. Brands can, to a certain degree, be ‘created‘ online as a luxury brand or status brand, all depending on the processes surrounding the brand in question. This research starts with the presumption that the luxury context is changing with the entrance of the Internet and that luxury brands are now exposed to new challenges in which the luxury brand image is more elusive than ever. The Internet has become a valuable communication tool for brands in their endeavor for a favorable and prosperous brand image. However, the belief is that as a communications and distribution channel the Internet has led to changes in the market structure as well as changes in producer and consumer roles (Peterson, et. al., 1997; Prahalad et. al., 2000). To be able to be viewed and purchased online would seem an ideal situation if not for the inherent paradoxical nature of the luxury brand. Luxury brands face several challenging problems within the online context. Online rarity The term luxury rests on certain assumed connotations, such as the ‘rarity principle‘, meaning that the rarer the good, the more desired the commodity is (Phau and Prendergast, 2000). With the Internet as a distribution channel, the ‘rarity principle‘ may be lost when the brand can be not only viewed and desired but also consumed by all. According to Dubois and Paternault (1995), the prestige of the brand may be eroded if too many people own it. The possibility of online purchase may give opportunity for the ‘masses‘ to consume these products and the company can maximise its profits and sell even larger amounts, something that would, however, be in sharp contrast with the need of luxury brands to maintain a fragile equilibrium between high exposure and awareness but a controlled level of sales (Roux and Floch, 1996 in Dall‘Olmo Riley and Lacroix, 2003). It is also feared that the possibility of purchasing luxury brand goods online could give greater opportunities for counterfeiters to sell copied merchandise as ‘original‘ merchandise. Studies have shown that price and price discounts are very important factors in online purchasing and when revisiting a website. Luxury brands online thus face problems, largely because they do not compete with low price or price discounts. Consequently, online distribution pro-vides a challenge. How do you make consumers buy the much more expensive genuine product instead of a cheap counterfeit when many of the core elements of the luxury brand are lost online? Another problem is the ever-increasing product range of luxury brands. Because many luxury brands today include all sorts of products, this makes it harder to distinguish counterfeit copies from the original. This is a problem that could devalue the brand and increase the temptation for consumers to buy cheaper ‘knock-offs‘ or counterfeits‘ online. de Chernatony (2002:186) suggests that brand strategists need a new mental model to "develop integrated brands in a digital age which goes beyond the classical and which recognizes the new roles consumers are taking". New roles for consumers are an important fact for luxury brands in that consumers are more involved in creating a buzz for certain brands, engaging in reviewing, discussing and sharing opinions online. The online environment and the challenges to luxury brands that follow show a significant change in the business logic. The new business logic on the Internet, with the consumption of brands instead of actual goods, is problematic for brands in general and for luxury brands in particular. The specific problems regarding luxury brands are seen in relation to the previously described inherently difficult luxury brand paradox. The problems arising from the very scattered Internet context for luxury brands are many, as well as interrelated. Empirical contributions There are four main groupings of websites that have been examined: (1) brand websites, (2) consumer-to-consumer sites, (3) communities and (4) Replica sites and such. (1) The first type of sites is the sites that are officially connected with one brand, multiple brands or a conglomerate. In this category ‘umbrella‘ sites are also included, which can be directly owned by a luxury conglomerate (such as eluxury.com, or sites such as prêt-a-porter.com or yoox.com that sell a wide range of upper-range and luxury brands). (2) The second type of site is the online auction site where consumers sell to consumers, or in some cases, an organized firm conducts the selling. This type of site is not associated with the luxury brand. Although somewhat separate from the community website, this type shares many of the characteristics of the community websites, including being mostly consumer driven and not directly affiliated with a luxury brand. Thus, the auction websites are grouped together with the community websites. (3) The third type of site examined is the community websites. These come in different forms, ranging from sites associated with fashion magazines in which involvement only can occur on an observer or viewer basis to communities discussing all aspects of fashion and luxury to community sites dedicated to identifying the brands celebrities are wearing. The sites that are the online version of fashion magazines can be viewed only with possibilities to receive weekly (sometimes daily) fashion updates and newsletters, include chat possibilities and bulletin boards, and in some cases have limited product sales. (4) The fourth type is the website that sells replicas or counterfeits. In this category sites that rank and review sellers of counterfeit merchandise are included. Conclusions Four themes on the sense of a luxury brand have emerged throughout this research. The themes show how the sense of a luxury brand is created in an online environment. The four themes are luxury history, authenticity, community and paradox. Luxury history refers to the stories (either real or thought up as marketing campaigns) told by luxury brands, as well as the history that is thought up of and shared by consumers of the brand. Authenticity pertains to the need for luxury brands to have authenticity and genuine products in the sense of having reputable and innovative designers to repel counterfeits. Community concerns the different types of community formed online, i.e. communities formed for a particular brand or other common interest. Paradox relates to the inherent problem for luxury brands to create desire and appeal (and hence the power to sell a particular product) while simultaneously giving the perception of uniqueness. Paradox also refers to the contradictory workings online in the creation of a sense of luxury brand. As has been revealed through the empirical data, the online environment for luxury brands is an environment for communication and interaction, an environment that is both lively and active. The online context is comprised of many different elements that are interwoven, making up the platform for luxury brands online. This is seen in not only the different people involved in the online context but in some instances also the changing roles they play and the often multiple activities that they perform. This is because the luxury environment is made up of these sometimes very different yet interlocking elements. Examining the data from different perspectives and by comparing them to previous research on brands, luxury and the Internet the conclusion is that a new and exciting arena for luxury brands and their consumers emerge, an arena that will be referred to as an online fair. The online context is a highly scattered and chaotic environment that exhibits a scope of different characteristics. These characteristics resemble those pertaining to a fair. Definitions of a fair can range from describing the display of farm animals to entertainment and amusement. The common denominator is the key-concepts of display and the people there to see the display or to be amused and entertained. The online fair embodies different actors and activities that will be described together with the special environment of the online fair. The actors that are identified in the online fair are the audiences, the exhibitors and the copycats. The activities performed by these three groups are exhibition and display, sales and trade and entertainment. Finally, the online fair environment is characterized by its globality, openness, accessibility and fuzzy boundaries. As opposed to many bricks-and-mortar fairs, the online fair requires no entrance fees. Neither does it have strict admission controls based on special invitations, as is often the case with luxury fashion shows. The online fair is instead open and accessible to all. The audience in the online fair encompasses various consumer types and how ‘active‘ a consumer or potential consumer is, is not dependent on his or her status as an ‘actual consumer‘. The online audience also serves as reinforcement for consumers with regard to postpurchase feelings. Given that the online fair is open to anyone, there will inevitably be those wishing to profit from someone else. In this context these ‘tricksters‘ would be counterfeit sellers trying to profit from the luxury brand image.

본 연구에서는 소셜 비디오 플랫폼 환경에서 동영상 기반 커뮤니케이션을 통해 동영상을 시청하는 사용자와 타인 들 간의 관계가 사용자의 긍정적 감정과 사회적 소속감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 해당 연구에서는 사 회 충격 이론(Social Impact Theory)과 자기 점검 이론(Self-Monitoring Theory)이라는 심리학 이론을 토대로 동영상 기반의 새로운 상호작용 수단을 활용한 대안을 검증하기 위해 실제 동영상 기반의 소셜 비디오 플랫폼 환경을 구축 하여 실험 연구를 진행하였다. ANOVA 분석 결과, 동영상을 보는 환경에서 타인의 모습이 실시간으로 보일 때, 또는 나 자신의 얼굴이 화면에 함께 제시될 때, 그렇지 않을 때 보다 사용자는 긍정적인 감정과 사회적 소속감을 더 크게 느끼는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 위의 두 조건이 동시에 제공될 때가 그렇지 않을 때보다 사용자들이 느끼는 긍정적 감정의 증가 폭이 더 컸다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 궁극적으로 새로운 소셜 비디오 플랫폼의 형태에 대한 통찰을 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

예이츠는 그의 시에서 시적 효과를 극대화하기 위해 소리와 의미를 유 기적으로 조화를 이루게 하였다. 그는 현대의 복잡다단함을 나타내기 위해 다양한 운 율 형태를 사용하였다. 그는 의도적으로 다양한 두운, 자운, 모운, 운율 등을 사용하여 의미를 강조하였다. 특히 이런 운율의 대조와 유사는 예이츠의 시를 이해하는데 중요 한 역할을 한다. 예이츠는 변형 운율을 통해 전통의 부당성을 부각 시키는가 하면, 전 통적인 운율을 통해 전통적인 가치관을 묘사하기도 했다. 그러나 예이츠는 극단적으로 치우치지 않고 변형적인 운율과 전통적인 운율을 조화롭게 사용하여 인생의 조화로운 의미를 강조하였다.

목 적 : 확산강조영상은 뇌신경계에서 ischemia, infarction, inflammation, infection, tumor등 다양한 병변을 진단하는데 유용하다. 하지만 척추 확산강조영상은 심장의 운동, 호흡이나 연하에 의한 움직임과 척추체가 가깝게 있어 자기화율의 급격한 변화 등의 이유로 distortion과 artifact가 많이 발생하여 좋은 영상을 획득하기 어려웠다. 확산강조영상에서 영상의 distortion과 artifact를 변화시킬 수 있는 인자는 SENSE factor와 voxel size이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 흉추 확산강조영상에서 SENSE factor와 voxel size를 변화시켜 영상을 획득 후 이를 비교평가 하고, 영상의 distortion, artifact 줄여 진단적 가치를 높이는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다. 대상 및 방법 : 척추질환이 없는 건강한 지원자 10명(남자: 7, 여자: 3, 평균연령: 29.6세)을 대상으로 하였다. 검사장비는 Ingenia 3.0T MRI (philips medical system, Netherlands)를 사용하였고, 신호수집 코일은 DS posterior coil을 사용하였다. FOV 240×184, B-factor 0, 1000 s/mm², slice thickness 4 mm, NEX: 10, TR과 TE는 장비에서 제공하는 가장 짧은 값을 사용하고 SENSE factor를 1, 2, 3으로 설정 후각 SENSE factor에서 voxel size를 1×1, 2×2, 3×3 mm로 변화시켜 영상을 획득하였다. 정량적 평가는 T2/SAG영상을 기준으로 Thoracic Spine 6th body에서 spinal cord까지의 거리를 각각 측정하여 distortion을 평가 하였고, 정성적 평가는 영상의학과 교수 1명, MRI 전문 방사선사 2명이 5점 척도로 영상의 artifact, distortion, 병변 검출 능력 등 전체적인 영상의 질을 비교평가 하였다. 통계적 유의성은 Wilcoxon signed rank test(SPSS 18.0K for windows)를 통해 검정하였고 p-value는 0.01미만인 경우에 통계적으로 유의하다고 판정하였다. 결 과 : 고정된 SENSE factor에서 voxel size 변화에 따른 distortion의 정량적 평가결과 SENSE factor 1에서 voxel size가 1×1, 2×2, 3×3으로 변화할 때 기준점에서 측정한 10명의 지원자의 평균길이는 6.54 mm, 5.33 mm, 4.79 mm, SENSE factor 2에서 평균 4.22 mm, 3.33 mm, 3.14 mm, SENSE factor 3에서 평균 3.04 mm, 2.63 mm, 2.29 mm로 측정 되었다. 동일한 SENSE factor에서 voxel size가 3×3일 때 영상의 distortion이 가장 많이 감소되었으며 동일한 voxel size에서는 SENSE factor가 3일 때 영상의 distortion이 가장 많이 감소되었다. 정성적 평가에서는 distortion, artifact의 발생정도와 척추체와 척수에서의 병변 검출 능력을 5점 척도(평가 불가: 1, 나쁨: 2, 보통: 3, 좋음: 4, 아주 좋음: 5)로 평가하였다. SENSE factor 1, voxel size 1×1, 2×2, 3×3으로 변화할 때 평균 2.23점, 2.30점, 2.33점으로 비교적 낮은 점수를 받았고 SENSE factor 2, voxel size 1×1, 2×2, 3×3으로 변화할 때 평균 2.86점, 4.20점, 4.13점, SENSE factor 3, voxel size 1×1에서 3.10점, 2×2, 3×3에서 평균 4.66점으로 가장 진단 가치가 높은 영상으로 평가되었다. 각각의 SENSE factor와 voxel size의 변화에 따른 영상의 distortion의 감소의 통계적 유의성을 알아보기 위해 Wilcoxon signed rank test로 검정한 결과 모두 p<0.01 로 나타났다. 결 론 : 확산강조영상은 뇌 질환에서 뿐만 아니라 척추와 spinal cord lesion을 감별하는데 매우 유용하다. 임상에서 Thoracic spine 확산강조영상 검사 시 본 논문에서 실험하여 얻은 결과처럼 SENSE factor: 3, voxel size: 2×2 또는 3×3을 선택하여 영상을 획득한다면 영상의 artifact, distortion이 감소되어 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 만들 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study analyzed the impact of sense of self-efficacy on job satisfaction and organizational commitment among technical designers in order to acquire information needed for human resources management in the field of technical design. The study was implemented through a normative-descriptive survey method using a questionnaire. The sample consisted of 217 technical designers working at vendors and agents located in Seoul. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the sense of self-efficacy levels among technical designers according to age and work experience. Personal self-efficacy had a positive influence on both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, but also on affective, continuance, and normative organizational commitment. In addition, personal self-efficacy had a greater influence on extrinsic job satisfaction than social self-efficacy. Both personal and social self-efficacy influenced continuance commitment while there was no relationship between social self-efficacy and affective organizational commitment. However, a clear relationship was found between both social and personal self-efficacy and normative organizational commitment. Nevertheless, social self-efficacy had a greater influence on normative organizational commitment than personal self-efficacy. This fact demonstrates the need to exert more effort to promote the sense of personal self-efficacy of technical designers. These results could be used to provide appropriate proposals for human resources management in the field of technical design.

본 연구는 방과후돌봄이 초등학교 고학년 아동의 학교생활 적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 것이다. 방과후돌봄은 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄을 포함하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄의 한 형태인 방과후교육의 학교생활 적응에 대한 영향 여부와, 또래애착 및 공동체의식의 매개역할 여부를 규명하고자 하였다. 본고에서 가족돌봄의 질은 부모의 친구관심으로 대표된 다. 방과후교육은 공공과 민간을 아우르는 다양한 돌봄서비스 이용 경험으로 측정한다. 분석자료는 한국아동청소년패널조사 (KCYPS) 2011년도 초등 5학년 아동과 보호자 2,200명의 데이터이다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방과후방임은 학교생활적응에 부적 영향을 미치지만, 또래애착의 매개효과는 유의미하지 않다. 둘째, 방과후방임의 학교생활 적응에 대한 부적인 영향은 일부 공동체의식을 통해 매개된다. 셋째, 가족돌봄의 질 제고는 공동체의식과 또래애착을 증진시켜 학교생활 적응도를 높인다. 넷째, 방과후 교육은 공동체 의식과 또래애착을 증진시킴으로써 아동의 학교생활 적응도를 높인다.

내란기의 사색 은 아일랜드 내란이 촉발한 예이츠의 시들 중 하나이다. 시에 내재된 주제인 유산이 예이츠의 윤리관이 반영되고 있는 것을 찾기 어렵지 않다. 이 시에서, 예이츠 자신은 예술가로서 혹은 시인으로서 역사에 참여하는데, 과거와 미 래를 다루는데 중심적 역할을 한다. 또한, 그는 자신을 역사적 유산의 상속인과 피상 속인으로 본다. 그는 건강한 역사적 상속을 받았으며 미래의 세대들에게 전할 자신의 건강한 유산을 만든다.

최근에는 범죄 피해자에게 당사자에 준하는 정도의 참여권을 인정하여 야 할 뿐만 아니라 형사절차를 범죄자 확정과 응징 과정에 그치지 않고 피해자가 범죄로부터 받은 정신적․심리적 충격과 상처를 치유하는 계기로 삼아야 한다는 이념이 제시되거나 적용되기도 있다. 이 논문은 다양한 이익과 원칙의 충돌 사이에서 방황하는 재정신청제도를 현대 형사소송의 새로운 패러다임이라고 할 수 있는 범죄 피해자 보호라는 가치와 이익을 기 준으로 다시 재구성해 검토한다. 재정신청제도는 본질적으로는 범죄 피해 자 개인의 고소권과 재판청구권 그리고 재판진술권을 위한 구제제도이면서 이와 함께 사회적으로 검찰의 공소권 행사의 적절한 통제라는 의미도 함께 추구하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 피해자를 소극적으로 보호하는 차원에 서 벗어나 현재처럼 형사절차에서 피해자가 적극적으로 당사자로 참여하 여 자신의 견해를 주장하는 방안이 모색되는 상황에서 검사의 불기소처분에 대해 제3의 기관이 충실한 조사를 바탕으로 객관적으로 평가하는 재정 신청제도는 피해자의 활발한 절차참여를 전제하는 현대적 의미의 피해자 권리보호에 필수적인 제도라고 할 수 있다. 그 결과로 재정신청제도는 피 해자의 참여권과 의견진술권을 보장하여야 하며 철저한 증거조사가 가능 하여야 한다. 이를 위해 입법적으로 재정법원의 강제조사권한에 관한 내 용과 범죄 피해자가 재정 신청인으로서 재정신청절차에 참여하여 의견진술 할 기회를 가질 수 있다는 규정을 명문화할 필요가 있다.

This paper aims to explore the understanding and evolution of the concept of ‘truth’ (眞 理) in the earliest stages of Chinese history on the basis of oracle bone script zhen (貞) and the inscriptions zhen (眞). It further aims to prove that zhen (貞) and zhen (眞) are cognate words. ‘Truth’ in English is commonly translated as zhen (眞) in Chinese. However, it is not easy to find an intersection between two notions of ‘truth’ in the early stage of Eastern and Western culture in spite of a great deal of controversies over the notions in sinological studies, since there was almost no cultural exchange between the East and the West before the modern era. After the nineteenth century, with the expansion of the Western power, Westerners attempted to understand the manifold ways of Eastern thought. Thus, many concepts that were dominant in Western thinking were transplanted in many areas of Eastern thinking; the concept of ‘truth’ (眞理) is such a case. The Western concept of ‘truth’ (眞理) pursues correspondence theory, based on the dichotomy of true and false. Based on this idea, many Western scholars still claim that the notion of ‘zhen’ used in Chinese classical texts can not be equated with “truth” used in Europe and Anglo-American dominant philosophy. Therefore, I would like to return to the primitive sense of truth in the oracle bone script, explore the pre-theoretic understanding of truth before concrete forms of knowledge such as Confucianism and Buddhism were introduced, to show the interconnectedness of zhen (眞) and zhen (貞). Traditional interpretations of zhen (眞) can be roughly classified into three types: ‘a Daoist ascetic with miraculous powers’ (神仙)(see Xu Shen, Duan Yucai, et al.); ‘treasure’ (see Tang Lan, Ma Xulun, Zhou Fangfu, He Linyi, etc), and ‘death as unchanging status’ (see Shirakawa). Among these, the first version of zhen has been considered most authentic, because Shuowen Jiezi《說文解字》, the first authoritative dictionary of Chinese characters, defines zhen (眞) as “a Daoist hermit transforming shape and ascending into Heaven ( 僊人變形而登天也)” with Daoist connotations. Such interpretations, though dominent, were based on Xiaoshuan and did not seem to include closer investigations of zhen (貞), the older form of zhen (眞), based on recently unearthed literatures. Though contemporary archaeological studies provide evidence of more ancient origins, it is difficult to extract the original sense from the primitive script of zhen (貞), because it was only used as the name of a place or a person. This paper thus follows several hypotheses: 1. zhen (眞) is cognate with zhen (貞); 2. zhen (貞) in oracle bone script means ‘to ask Heaven questions from signs or omens obtained by burning tortoise shells or animal bones’ and a person in charge of performing a divination rituals’ is known as a diviner(zhenren ‘貞人’); 3. zhen (貞) was specified into zhen (眞); 4. Under the influence of Daoism during the early Han Dynasty, zhen (眞) was defined as ‘a Daoist hermit’ (神仙), and then acquired the meaning of truth after the introduction of Buddhism. The strategies of the paper are as follows: firstly I will analyze zhen (眞) by breaking it into its component characters and trace back its original forms and senses of zhen in oracle bone scripts; secondly, I will examine its usage in the ancient literatures based on phonetic and semantic patterns; finally I will try to place possible coordinates of ‘truth’ among constellations of various meanings of zhen (貞) and zhen (眞).

This study analyzed the effects of consumers’sense of community regarding outdoor brands on behavioral commitment, purchasing satisfaction, and repurchasing intention and analyzed the effects of behavioral commitment and purchasing satisfaction on repurchasing intention. Additionally, this study analyzed the differences in sense of community, behavioral commitment, purchasing satisfaction, and repurchasing intention according to the types of outdoor consumers’consumption values. A survey was conducted from July 20th to 30th, 2015, and 527 responses were used for the analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, consumers’sense of community regarding outdoor brands was classified into mutual influences, sufficiency necessity, emotional connectedness, and sense of belonging. Second, outdoor consumers’sense of community had positive impacts on behavioral commitment, purchasing satisfaction and repurchasing intention. Third, outdoor consumers’behavioral commitment and purchasing satisfaction had positive impacts on repurchasing intention. Fourth, there were differences in the outdoor consumers’sense of community, behavioral commitment, purchasing satisfaction, and repurchasing intention according to the types of consumption values. Therefore, outdoor brands can strengthen the relationship with customers considering values and behavior, suggesting the need for a strategy that promotes consumers’sense of community with sustainable management activities that save the environment and local community.

본 연구는 신품종 다래‘오텀센스’의 수확적기를 구명하고자 생육시기별 과실품질과 후숙 특성을 조 사하였다. 과실의 후숙은 과실의 비대가 최대가 되고 과실 내 종자가 성숙한 이후에 가능하였으나, 종 자가 성숙 상태만으로는 후숙 가능성을 판단할 수 없었다. 산함량은 1.05%이상이 되어야 정상적인 후 숙이 진행되었으며 후숙이 가능한 시점의 경도는 평균 27.1N이었다. 성숙기에 접근한 과실의 가용성 고 형물 함량은 만개후 71일부터 90일까지 시기별로 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 후숙 후의 가용성 고형물 함량에는 유의적 차이가 있어 가용성 고형물 함량으로 수확적기를 구명하기에는 어려움이 있었다. 다래 의 저장 중 중량감소율은 2℃에 상대습도 90%저장구가 낮았고, 부패율은 20℃, 상대습도 45% 저장구 에서는 저장 8일 후부터 증가하기 시작하였고, 2℃에 상대습도 45%와 상대습도 90% 모두 저장 후 20 일까지 10% 이하로 유지되었다. 따라서 과실의 크기, 경도 및 후숙 전·후의 가용성 고형물 함량 등을 종합하여 고려해 볼 때 신품종 다래‘오텀센스’의 수확적기의 만개 후 생육일수는 85일(9월 2일)이었 고, 2℃에 상대습도 90%인 저온고습환경이 적합하였다.

목 적: Maindot 검사의 외안근의 고유수용감각 수준 평가의 적합성 유무를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: 평균나이 15.48(±3.23)세, 교정시력이 0.9 이상이고 양안시 및 조절기능이 정상인 14명의 정위 안(남 8명, 여 6명)과 교정시력과 조절기능은 정상이나 원, 근거리 편위량이 10PD를 초과하고, 시기능훈련 을 10주간 성실히 수행한 훈련자 19명의 간헐성 외사시안(남 11명, 여 8명)을 대상으로 훈련 전, 종료직후 및 종료 후 6, 12개월 간의 타각 및 자각증상 그리고 고안한 Maindot 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과: Maindot 검사와 자각증상의 상관관계 분석에 있어 고유수용감각 능력이 높을수록 자각증상(복시) 은 감소되는 경향을 나타내었으며(p<0.001), 타각검사값의 상관관계 분석에서 양안시 고유수용감각 능력이 향상될수록 편위량은 줄고, PRC의 복시점은 증가되는 경향을 나타내어 상관관계가 있음을 검정하였다 (p<0.001). 결 론: 운동 및 자각증상과 상관성을 가지는 양안시 고유수용감각능력검사인 Maindot 검사는 시기능 훈련 성공유무 판단 및 예후 그리고 자각증상 예측에 있어 검사자에게 매우 유용한 정보를 제공하리라 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multi joint-joint position sense (MJ-JPS) training on joint position sense, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. A total of 18 stroke patients participated in the study. The subjects were allocated randomly into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants in the experimental group received MJ-JPS training (10 min) and conventional treatment (20 min), but participants in the control group only received conventional treatment (30 min). Both groups received training for five times per week for six weeks. MJ-JPS is a training method used to increase proprioception in the lower extremities; as such, it is used, to position the lower extremities in a given space. MJ-JPS measurement was captured via video using a Image J program to calculate the error distance. Balance ability was measured using Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Gait ability was measured with a 10 m walking test (10MWT) and by climbing four flights of stairs. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normalization. Within-group differences were analyzed using the paired t-test. Between-group differences were analyzed using the independent t-test. The experimental group showed a significant decrease in error distance (MJ-JPS) compared to the control group (p<.05). Both groups showed a significant difference in their BBS and 10MWT results (p<.05). The experimental group showed a significant decrease in their TUG and climbing results (p<.05), but the control group results for those two tasks were not found to be significant (p>.05). There was significant difference in MJ-JPS and by climbing four flights of stairs on variation of pre and post test in between groups (p<.05), but TUG and BBS and 10MWT was no significantly (p>.05). We suggest that the MJ-JPS training proposed in this study be used as an intervention to help improve the functional activity of the lower extremities in stroke patients.

한자는 형음의의 결합이며, 중국어 서사의 기초단위이다. 한자의 형음의는 서사 와 발음의 형식이며, 이는 형식을 말하고 있다. 더 중요한 것은 한자는 표의문자라 는 사실이다. 한자의 의미는 어소와 어소의 의미이다. 언어 사용의 실제면에서 어 휘는 실질적인 활용 요소이나, 보통 사람들은 언어의 문장 의미에만 관심을 지니 거나, 구의 의미에만 관심을 가지거나, 혹은 대부분 어휘의 의미에만 관심을 가지 고 있어, 대부분 어소의 층위를 분석하지 않고 있다. 이로 인해 한자 개별의 어소 의 의미 혹은 한자와 한자를 이용한 단어의 조합 방법에 대해서는 거의 알지 못하 거나 그 이치에 대해 알지 못하 못하고 있어, 언어의 변화나 자의의 역사 속에서 의 변화를 파악하지 못하여 동일하지 않은 언어 환경 속에서 사람들은 계속하여 어휘를 사용하면서 새로운 어휘를 생성하여 결국 어소의 의미에 상당한 변화를 생성해 내고 있다. 예를 들어, 세금을 납부하는 사람이라는 의미의 ‘缴纳税款的人’ 이 왜 ‘纳凉’, ‘接纳’, ‘收纳’, ‘笑纳’, ‘纳妾’, ‘容纳’, ‘吸纳’, ‘出纳员’의 ‘받는다’의 의 미가 전혀 다른 ‘缴交’가 되는가? ‘缴纳’의 반의어가 조합되었다고 할 수 있는가? ‘纳’의 의미가 사라져, ‘人马’와 같이 현재에는 ‘马’의 의미가 사라졌다고 할 수 있 을까? 왜 ‘纳税人’ 중에서 ‘纳’이 돈을 내다라는 의미가 되는가？또한 ‘缴’의 의미 가 ‘纳’안으로 포함되었는가？혹자는 이것을 일차적 번역의 오류라고 말한다. 그 러나 언어는 이렇게 변화하는 것이다. 다른 예를 들어보자. 대만에서는 대륙에서 말하는 신부를 ‘陆妻’라고 하는데, 여기서 ‘陆’은 육지의 ‘陆’이 변화하여, 다시 중 국 대륙의 ‘陆’으로 변화한 것이다. 어소의 의미는 계속 축소하여 점점 더 정치화 되는 것이기 때문에, 미국의 부인을 ‘陆妻’라고 칭할 수는 없다. 비록 그가 미국 대륙에서 왔다고 하더라도 말이다. 더욱이 이 어소의 의미는 중국 대륙에서 온 학 생을 지칭하는 ‘陆生’과 같이 또 다른 어휘를 생성해 내는 생산력을 가지고 있다. 본문은 2012년도에 대륙에서 생산된 신조어를 대상으로 자의의 변화를 탐색해 보 고, 이 새로운 어휘의 어원 지식을 살펴보는 동시에 사전 편찬의 방법과 한자 자 의를 공부하는 것에 대해 논의하여 보았다.