Purple-fleshed potato powder (PFPP) was investigated to determine optimal mixing ratio with milk powder and dextrin to produce a ready-to-eat mashed potato powder. The rheological characteristics, color, and anthocyanin contents were studied at a different concentration of ingredients. The power-law model was applied to explain the mechanical spectra of mashed potatoes which represented the change in structure induced by different mixing ratios. Mixture design was used to obtain the experimental points used to establish the empirical models to describe the effects of each ingredient on the characteristic of the mashed potato. The results of mechanical spectra showed that both storage and loss moduli (G' and G'') were significantly influenced by PFPP and milk powder concentration. The power law parameters n' and n'' showed higher values for the mashed potato with a lower concentration of PFPP and a higher concentration of milk powder, which showed that the gel networks involved in the mashed potato were weaker. The optimum mixing ratio with the highest redness and anthocyanin content, while maintaining the rheological properties similar to the commercial mashed potato, was determined as PFPP:milk powder:dextrin = 90.49:4.86:4.65 (w/w). The proportions of PFPP and milk powder in the formulation significantly changed the characteristics of mashed potato, whereas no significant effect of dextrin was observed in this formulation.

Purple-fleshed potato powder (PFPP) was investigated to determine optimal mixing ratio with milk powder and dextrin to produce a ready-to-eat mashed potato powder. The rheological characteristics, color, and anthocyanin contents were studied at a different concentration of ingredients. The power-law model was applied to explain the mechanical spectra of mashed potatoes which represented the change in structure induced by different mixing ratios. Mixture design was used to obtain the experimental points used to establish the empirical models to describe the effects of each ingredient on the characteristic of the mashed potato. The results of mechanical spectra showed that both storage and loss moduli (G' and G'') were significantly influenced by PFPP and milk powder concentration. The power law parameters n' and n'' showed higher values for the mashed potato with a lower concentration of PFPP and a higher concentration of milk powder, which showed that the gel networks involved in the mashed potato were weaker. The optimum mixing ratio with the highest redness and anthocyanin content, while maintaining the rheological properties similar to the commercial mashed potato, was determined as PFPP:milk powder:dextrin = 90.49:4.86:4.65 (w/w). The proportions of PFPP and milk powder in the formulation significantly changed the characteristics of mashed potato, whereas no significant effect of dextrin was observed in this formulation.

This study suggests design criteria to evaluate the availability of anchorage in Korea to contribute to ship safety by presenting necessary design criteria for anchorage volume according to port development. Accordingly, the concept of “necessary volume of anchorage” is introduced to evaluate the volume of anchorage available in Korea’s major ports, and classify these ports into three types according to the characteristics of incoming ship. Numerical simulations designed using MATLAB-SIMULINK have been carried out to track the irregularly of arrival and, waiting times along with the environmental conditions that affect anchorage and necessary volume of anchorage have been suggested based on these tests. Finally, in order to complete a function equation analysis, the necessary volume of anchorage with reference to cargo volume is addressed using regression analysis as follows. Group A - YNA=0.0002XHA−3.67 , Group B - YNB=0.0002XHB−6.82 , Group C - YNC=0.0001XHC+9.02 . This study contributes to a review of anchorage volume from the perspective of harbor development.

Born in the 19th century as an intermediate between the past and the future, steampunk provides a strong feeling of fantasy. The objective of this research is to understand the utilization of steampunk in all realms through an in-depth literature review and empirical study. Taking the findings as a foundation, we will analyze examples shown in fashion designs that are put into real production, and those designs that can provide inspiration for further design development. The research methodology will constitute a major analysis of advanced research, internet materials, and literature. Photo materials will be collected from professional websites for steampunk. The product method such as follows. Firstly, we will classify the internal meaning of characteristics in steampunk that are similar to the characteristics that are being researched, then take it as the standard and arrange to integrate all five features: restoration, pluralism, duplicity, resistibility and abnormality. We will spread out the design based on images from advanced research. Secondly, in order for to design a steampunk product, I decided on four themes: devastated environment, brutal wars, cool-headed machinery, and the overlap of the future and the past. Inspiration was acquired from representative movies and animations featuring steampunk. Thus, new directions for fashion design with steampunk features can be discovered. It raises the feasibility of this combination in modern society. In the future with the development of technology, it functions as a design that is easy for users to approach.

The purpose of this study is to consider the design characteristics of Chinese traditional clothing, especially from the Ming-Qing Dynasty era, and how they have influenced contemporary fashion. Regarding research methods, this study determined the design characteristics, such as the form, color and pattern of Chinese traditional clothing of the Ming-Qing Dynasty era. In addition, 440 photos were collected from the Paris Collection from 2005 to 2014 using www.firstviewkorea.com. The results of this study are as follows. First, the most popular silhouette from Chinese traditional clothing appearing in contemporary fashion was the H-shaped one, and the internal lines appeared in the following order: Chinese collar; narrow sleeve; symmetrical front opening; round collar; wide sleeve; and the C-shaped Biwa front-end. Second, the most popular color was achromatic black, followed by white. The chromatic colors were in the order of blue, yellow, red, green, and purple. Third, the patterns appeared in the following order: Plant patterns, complex patterns, and animal patterns. The peony pattern appeared the most commonly as a plant pattern, followed by the arabesque pattern and the plum blossom pattern which appeared with a similar proportion. Dragon, bird and phoenix patterns appeared the most for animal patterns. It is considered that the results of this study will be helpful for designing products for Korean fashion brands that will advance to the Chinese market. In addition, it will help Chinese designers apply the Chinese-style design characteristics popular among people throughout the world when they advance to the West.

The structural aesthetics of architecture are becoming an inspirational source for many fashion designers and have been reborn in structural fashion. This study planned to analyze the method of expression of structural aesthetics expressed in modern structural fashion design and the construction method to maximize such an effect on the basis of the construction characteristic of Santiago Calatrava as the representative architect of the structural aesthetic. According to the study, the structural aesthetics expressed in modern structural fashion design are as follows: 1) The symbolical formative aesthetic expressed by symbolical inference and analyzation; 2) the dynamic beauty of physic expressed by visual emphasis and dynamics; and 3) the asymmetric beauty of symmetry expressed by metastasis toward the boundary between balance and imbalance. In addition, to maximize structural aesthetics, we used repetition and a progressive technique based on rhythm, asymmetry, and incision-based variances, such as balance, polygon flux, and inference, and analyzation-based distortion as the structuring principle. The following expression methods for maximizing structural aesthetics were found: 1) symbolical and structural exaggeration of appearance; 2) detail technique expansion and material property diversification; and 3) the three-dimensional transformation of structure and shell expression. Structural fashion design was found to have maximized structural aesthetics by using such expression methods to secure artistic esthetics, destroy existing shapes and patterns, and create unique shapes.

The repair of manhole raise has been caused much construction times and disruption of traffic flow, serious environmental pollution from crushed construction wastes, and budget waste due to the repeated repair construction works. In order to overcome such problems, we have developed the new manhole repairing composite structures by using a glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pipe, which can raise manhole to the regular height of the overlayed road pavement with rapid construction and minimum traffic jams. This environmental-friendly technology is method completed by the methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) double wide flanged GFRP pipe composite structures in order to raise manhole to the regular height. In this paper, two kinds of the compressive strength tests of MMA mortar composites were conducted and evaluated by a general compressive strength test, and compressive strength test after freezing-thawing resistance test. It was found that this MMA mortar composites will be used for the application of the double wide flanged GFRP pipe composite structures.

The influence of Japonism, which is the post-mid-19th century phenomenon of appreciating and preferring the Japanese style that manifested all across Western art, started to grow as a result of the active open-door policy of Japan at this time. As all areas of Japanese arts and culture, such as paintings, sculptures and theater plays, influenced Europe and America, this influence developed into a cultural phenomenon that was reflected even in fashion. The characteristic elements of the kimono first expanded from Paris and showed a similar silhouette to that of the traditional kimono in the early 20th century, but towards the middle and the end of the century, kimono sleeves that were connected as one piece without a connecting seam line between the sleeve and bodice started to appear. The foundation of this research focuses on the design characteristics of kimono sleeves that can be seen in 20th-century fashion, and five varying kimono sleeve jackets and coats based on these formative characteristics were designed. Each design had a gusset design added, which improved the external and mobility problems inherent in kimono sleeve patterns, while at the same time serving as a proposal for new design element applications. Additionally, through various changes to and attempts at designs using the kimono sleeve as a limiting factor, new design possibilities were explored.

In order to get basic data for flood plain restoration, we surveyed the woody vegetation in Korean natural rivers and analyzed the species' characteristics with regards to patterns of richness and diversity. These characteristics were higher in hard wood forests than those in soft wood forests, such as Salix spp. community. Futhermore, they were the highest in the Prunus sargentii-Pinus densiflora community(H' 1.095), and the lowest in the Carpinus laxiflora community(H' 0.118) among the hard wood forests. Species' richness diversity were the highest in the Salix gracilistyla community, but the lowest in the S. koriyangi community or S. koreensis community among the soft wood forests. With regards to the dominant index, just one community is over 0.9, 13 communities are between 0.3-0.7 and 15 communities are less than 0.3. The Salix koreensis community was the highest at 0.931, and Prunus sargentii-Pinus densiflora community was the lowest at 0.13. Species' richness and diversity was significantly correlated with tree layer coverages and degree of slope. These results mean that in order to increase plant species diversity in flood plains planted hard woody trees, such as oaks and fir, are needed to suit environmental conditions with steeper slope and lower canopy coverage.

Increasing of Korean old women's rate is demographic characteristics attributed an aging society, silver generation would lead to silver fashion market with steady competitiveness and interest in fashion. So the study attempts to use foundation material for silver's fashion design by analyzing design characteristics and processing development of design representative women's top. Selecting brand for collecting photo using study represents a mid- and premium-priced with reference Brand Yearbook. After selecting brand on domestic and foreign I have collected picture from Internet shopping mall and web-site of fashion brand, from October 2013 to July 2014, but I selected 840 pictures based on front poses for easy decision. In order to search design characteristics according to sort of silver blouse design on domestic and foreign. I have examined shape, color, pattern, fabric sensation, inside composition line and decoration with reference standard of analysis in preceding research. Data analysis method was conducted on analysis of frequency and cross analysis using SPSS statistical package 21.0. The conclusion of design characteristic according to type of blouse design for silver, H-silhouette in shirt blouse seems to fit in body transformation and expose silhouette with correcting the body flaw. Using soft material in T-shirt blouse they are able to conceal a body defect and express beautiful silhouette. By using detail in pullover shirt blouse and tunic blouse for point of design, it express glamour and luxurious. Most of blouse are printed various pattern, it would looks more gorgeous using pattern.

해양레저 활동의 범위가 점차 원거리 항해로 확대되면서 거주가 가능한 크루즈보트가 각광받고 있다. 해양레저산업 선진국인 유럽, 북미의 경우 미려한 디자인, 인간공학적 구조 그리고 경량선체 소재 채택을 통한 연료효율 향상 등 크루즈보트의 설계와 제작에 있어 이미 경쟁력을 확보하고 있다. 반면, 국내의 경우 소형 레저보트 중심의 개발, 건조가 이뤄지고 있으며, 선체소재 또한 유리섬유강화복합재료(GFRP)가 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 원양항해가 가능한 50피트급 탄소섬유강화복합재료(CFRP) 선체 크루즈보트의 설계 및 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. CFRP 선체 레저보트의 선형특성을 분석하여 설계선(MMU-C.B)의 선형을 제안하였으며, 이를 기반으로 CFRP 크루즈 보트의 설계모델을 구축하였다. 또한 GFRP 레저선박의 모형시험결과와 MMU-C.B 설계결과의 조선공학적 비교검토를 통해 설계선의 형상 그리고 저항 및 활주자세 특성을 분석하였다.

In the car speaker, because the sound characteristics is changed by the space of car which mount the speaker, the speaker elements must be decide according to sound field. In this study, the mass of cone paper and damper is changed and the characteristics of the sound pressure and loudness are investigated by the experimental approach. According to the change of the speaker characteristics, the sound pressure and loudness level are changed. The effect of the con paper is larger than that of the damper in the aspect of the loudness. In the future, these data will be used to investigate the correlation between the sound quality and measurement data.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to develop a method for distribution between superelevation and side friction factor by increasing design speed. METHODS: First of all, a method for distribution between superelevation and side friction factor and a theory for the functional formula of side friction factor in compliance with horizontal radius applied in South Korea and the United States are considered. Especially, design speed of 140km/h and numerical value of design elements are applied to the theory for the functional formula of side friction factor in AASHTO's methods. Also, the anxiety EEG upon running speed is measured to reflect ergonomic characteristics through field experiments at seven curve sections of the West Coast Freeway, and this data is applied to graph for the functional formula of side friction factor. RESULTS : Matching side friction factor against the anxiety EEG, the results that a critical points of driver's anxiety EEG sharply increase locate under existing parabola are figured out. CONCLUSIONS : Therefore, we could get a new type of the functional formula that driver's driving comfortability is guaranteed if the existing the functional formula of side friction factor goes down under boundary of the critical points of the anxiety EEG.

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the use of the western building system with the change of the architectural design in the Japanese colonial period focused on the facility built by Joseon Government-General in 1910s. Through the 131 cases of governmental building, the tendency of the use of western building system. After 1910, Japanese Imperialism adopted the western wooden building system which main structure was made with combination of small pieces of timber for building the modern governmental facility because of the political and financial intention. So, all facilities were designed similarly by the structural module and the facade was finished by the feather boarding in the same with the ‘sitamitakei-giyohu’ in Japan. the functional requirements of each facility was not revealed. Such an western wooden building system was used until 1920s with the change of the facade by the mortar coating. But, in 1920s-1930s, the building system have begun to change. The use of the brick system caused some changes although the planing concept was still lasted. On the other hand, the use of the reinforced concrete led to more changes on the overall scheme.

초장대 사장교 Prototype 설계를 위한 내풍구조 특성을 분석하기 위하여 기존 장경간 사장교의 가설계 및 완성계에 대한 동적구조특성을 분석하고, 가상의 1,500m급 초장대 사장교의 동적구조특성을 추정하여 풍동실험을 수행함으로써 내풍안정성이 우수한 보강형 단면을 도출하였다. 경제성을 고려하여 유선형 강박스 보강형 단면을 가진 주경간장 1,200m의 초장대 사장교를 Prototype 설계안으로 선정하였으며, 가설단계를 포함한 3차원 공탄성모형에 대한 풍동실험을 수행하고, 국내외 대표적인 장경간 사장교와 풍응답 특성을 비교 검토한 결과 설계풍속이내에서 와류진동이나 플러터와 같은 유해한 진동현상이 발생하지 않으므로 Prototype 설계안은 우수한 내풍구조 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가된다.

The purpose for this paper is to categorize and analyze the aesthetic characteristics of graphic factors in contemporary fashion design by media source. Focused on play-instinct visual expression in contemporary fashion design and adopted media source following the way of communication design. A variety of literatures and online sites for graphic factors in contemporary fashion was studied. The standard of media source is classified as graphic media-source: photography media-source, typography media-source, illustration media-source. With this standard, expressed ways are as followings. First, graphic media-source in play-instinct expressional fashion design is mostly borrowing existed character or using designer’s brand logo. Second, photography media-source in play-instinct expressional fashion design is placed photograph of social issued people in front of shirt. Third, typography media-source in play-instinct expressional contemporary fashion design is mostly expressed social messages or designer’s name in brand. Fourth, illustration media-source is the best way to express play-instinct visual expression. Based on these, aesthetic characteristics of graphic factor in contemporary fashion by media source are classified as three: social words, playfulness and information transference. Frequency ratio using media source per aesthetic characteristics is different and these are able to categorize expression way and image feature. In conclusion, expressional way of graphic factors in contemporary fashion design became diverse as social and cultural changing. Frequency of graphic factor use in contemporary fashion is increased than before. This paper suggested that fashion design is one of the way of communicating with people and should be analyzed graphic factors in contemporary fashion design.

교통부문의 탄소배출량을 감소하기 위하여 지난 몇 년간 정부는 선진국과 함께 자전거 이용 활성화를 위한 다양한 정책을 펼쳐왔다. 그러나 주변 환경에 대한 분석은 실시되지 않은 채 물리적인 조건만을 고려한 자전거도로의 설치는 미비한 자전거 이용률의 증가뿐만 아니라 무리한 자전거전용도로의 확장으로 자동차 운전자와의 마찰을 발생시켰다. 또한 자전거 이용자의 안전성 또한 보장하고 있지 않아 관련 교통사고는 급격히 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이를 개선하고자 주변 토지이용 및 자전거 운전자를 고려하여 해당 지역에 적절한 자전거도로가 설치될 수 있도록 하는 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 토지용도(주거/상업/공업 지역)에 따라 다르게 나타나는 요소를 일원배치 분산분석을 통하여 도출하였으며, 군집분석으로 그 특성을 그룹화하고 각 유형의 특성에 적합한 자전거도로의 형태를 가로와 교차로로 구분하여 제안하였다. 분석결과, 토지용도의 특성은 어린이/노인 비율 및 화물차종구성비에 따라 구분되었으며, 이들 특성에 의하여 주거지역은 편의성과 안전성이 동시에 고려된 자전거도로를, 상업지역은 편의성을, 공업지역은 무엇보다 안전성을 고려한 자전거도로의 형태를 제시하였다. 이는 향후 자전거도로의 안전성을 높이고 효율적인 자전거 이용 환경을 구축할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

제주도 월정 앞바다에서 건설 중인 4MW 해상풍력단지의 설계자료를 준비하기 위하여 측정-상관-예측(MCP)방법을 이용하여 단기간 풍황탑 자료로부터 장기간 풍황자료를 재생산하였다. 두 참조지점으로서 제주, 구좌 기상관측소와 선형회귀 MCP, 행렬 MCP 조합에 대한 정량적 오차분석을 실시한 결과 구좌와 행렬 MCP에 의한 장기간 보정이 가장 최선의 조합임을 도출하였다. 재생산된 풍황자료를 이용하여 월정해상 풍력발전기의 형식등급을 결정하기위한 표준난류모델 및 극한풍속모델 해석을 수행하였다. 50년 회귀주기의 10분-단위 극한풍속을 예측하기 위해 재생산된 8.5년의 월정 풍황을 검벨 분포로 해석하였다. 이에 의하여 결정된 풍력발전기 형식등급은 II A인 것으로 나타났다.

This study analyzed the design elements and fashion images of women's knitwear in collections of Paris, Milan, London and New York between 2003 and 2008, and examined knitwear trends in an effort to verify whether knitwear trends are repeated in certain cycles, whether they show complicated patterns in cycles and yet occur in quasi cycles, or whether they occur non-periodically in complicated forms of chaotic cycles. Trend cycle analysis results are deemed to identify the time series attribute of knit fashions. It also sought to categorize the attribute of various factors influencing knitwear trends with a view to determining relevancy between design elements, and to present the direction of predicting knitwear fashion trends and the progression of short-term knitwear trends. This study reached the following conclusion. According to design elements or fashion images, knitwear fashion trends occur in cycles, quasi cycles, non-periodical cycles. These cyclic characteristics can be used as scientific data for planning knitwear products. The study confirmed close relevancy between fashion images and fashion elements. It identified close relevancy between designs with similar fashion elements and images through coordinates by year and season, and it is possible to make short-term prediction of trend direction through the flow of coordinates. Time series data were insufficient, thereby making it difficult to perfectly verify chaos indices and giving limitations to this study. A study with more time series data will produce a more effective method of predicting and using knitwear fashion trends.