조직행동연구에서 집단주의와 조직시민행동 간의 관계에 대해 많이 다루어진 데 비해, 상대적으로 근로자 언로와 조직시민 행동 간의 관계에 대한 연구는 이루어 지지 않았다. 따라서 이 연구는 조직에의 비공식적 기여(informal contribution)와 조직성과와의 관계성을 설명하기 위해 도입된 조직시민행동(organizational citizenship behavior)과 상향적 근로자 언로(voice), 수평적 근로자 언로와의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다

The purpose of this paper is to explain the horizontal structure of Prelude, Op. 74, No. 4 by Skryabin objectively and logically by utilizing transformational networks to analyze the voice leading of this music. David Lewin explained transformational relations in musical space through a visual graph called a network and introduced a frame of analysis which simplified complicated aspects of music. There were other methods that analyse horizontal voice leading in atonal music by means of Lewin's transformational theory. Of these methods, Henry Klumpenhouwer's ‘transformational networks’ and Shougn J. O'Donnell's ‘dual transformation’ have been adopted as a primary analytical method for this article. The network of Prelude, Op. 74, No. 4 by Skryabin is composed of eleven types of set classes, made up of transposition transformation. The network has verified the similarity between pitch classes by utilizing isography, which shows its pitch-class contents. In this article, I hope to show that atonal music composition has a delicate structure.

While the study of written discourse that informs ESL writing has provided a number of insights into its conventional features and structures, individual variations such as voice and identity have largely been neglected. To examine how a socially situated notion of voice plays a role in disciplinary online writing, this study explored the co-construction of an author’s identity by peer readers in online written exchanges. The goal of this paper is thus to explore how voice articulated as sociocultural point of view is developed through dialogic interactions with others and how such development can be traced through the discursive constructs such as positioning, epistemic/affective stance, and intertextual relations. This study has important educational implications in relation to academic writing that is a critical issue for many Korean college students who pursue their studies in the United States in that the number of Korean international students has continued to increase in the U.S. universities.

The article portrays one way in which academic voices and social identity can develop and constitute each other through the affordances of computer-mediated communication in the classroom. In this article, I present a case study in which voice is treated as an analytic means for understanding the complexities undergone by an L2 graduate student as she was transitioning into an L2 academic community. I highlight how voice as ideological point of view is developed through dialogic interactions with others, and such development can be traced through the discursive constructs such as intertextual relations and epistemic/affective stance. This study has important educational implications in relation to the academic writing/reading of L2 students with differing needs and the provision of opportunities for access to the curriculum.

HCI 분야에서 사용성은 시스템의 객관적인 사용성에 초점을 둔 것에서 점차 사용자들이 시스템을 사용하면서 느끼는 주관적인 경험을 중시하는 개념으로 확장, 변화하고 있다. 오늘날 대부분의 사람들은 휴대전화를 소지하고 사용한다. 휴대전화와 같이 인간과의 상호작용 빈도가 높은 인터페이스에서 보다 긍정적인 사용자의 주관적 경험을 유발하는 것은 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 감정을 표현하는 인터페이스가 인간에게 보다 긍정적인 사용자 경험을 유발할 것이라는 가설 하에 감정을 표현하는 인간 목소리를 통해 청각적 피드백을 제공하는 휴대전화 프로토타입(prototype)을 제작한 후, 감정을 표현하기에 적절하지 않은 기계음을 통해 청각피드백을 제공하는 휴대전화 조건과의 비교를 통해 어떠한 조건에서 사용자들이 보다 더 긍정적인 사용자 경험을 느끼는지, 어떠한 조건을 더 선호하는지에 대해 알아보았다. 구체적으로, 참가자들은 4가지 종류의 휴대전화 프로토타입(청각적 피드백이 없는 무음 조건, 사람의 목소리를 통해 청각적 피드백을 제시하는 조건, 기계음을 통해 청각적 피드백을 제시하는 조건, 기계음과 사람의 목소리를 모두 제공하는 혼합음 조건)을 경험한 후, 그에 대한 경험적 사용성(재미, 흥미, 불쾌감), 유희적 측면(HQ) 그리고 선호도를 평정하였다. 결과적으로, 사용자들은 사람의 목소리를 통해 정서를 표현하는 조건의 휴대전화에 대해 청각적 피드백을 제공하지 않는 휴대전화나 기계음을 통해 청각적 피드백을 제시하는 휴대전화와 비교해서 상대적으로 높은 지각적 재미와 유희(HQ)를 느끼는 것으로 드러났다. 하지만 선호도는 다른 조건에 비해 낮은 수준의 평정치를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

Human voice reacts very sensitively to human's minute physical condition For instance, human voice disorders affect patients, profoundly especially in the case of Parkinson's disease Acoustic tools such as MDVP, can function as an equipment that measures

In this study we develop core technology of Multi-Charmel Voice Guidance System based on active 2.45GHz RFID that can be used in the field of advertising. Through this, we can service more familiar with voice information to foreigners by own language in large scale international event. As an alternative to the current high-expensive voice guidance system in exhibition hall and provide more value added services to user. As the result, we present the configuration of integrated software platform which include media server, media client and receiver. It can be as a basis infra equipment for a signtseeing in RFID/USN environment. Additionally through tag information analysis about exposure of advertisement that is collected late, supposed system may achieve role as a new marketing tool.

본 연구는 최근 산업 전반에 걸쳐 도입이 확산되고 있는 RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification)기술과 다채널 음성 전달 서비스 기술을 활용하여, 유비쿼터스 환경에서의 SP(Sales Promotion) 광고를 효과적으로 전달하기 위한 새로운 SP광고용 RFID기반의 다채널 음성 안내시스템을 개발함으로서, 향후 RFID/USN시장을 선점할 수 있는 고부가가치의 신규 미디어 서비스 모델을 제안하고자 한다.

This paper seeks to analyze the passive voice in English textbooks in terms of sufficiency, sequencing, variety, interest, authenticity, and appropriateness. A total of thirty textbooks was randomly chosen for the analysis, six exemplars being selected from each grade from intermediate middle school through advanced high school. The results show that the subtypes of passives presented were substantial enough to fully understand the nature of the passive, and that the various sub-types of passives were sequenced reasonably. However, limitations were revealed in providing enough variety of activities/exercises on the one hand and of visual aids on the other. The textbooks were also found to contain several non-authentic language patterns such as wrong choice of the verb, collocation problems, etc. More serious was not only heavy reliance on sentence-level mechanical practices, particularly conversion exercises, but also the lack of attention paid to function-oriented instructions on the passive. These findings are expected to contribute to the effective design of new textbooks under the revised curriculum.

음성 사용자 인터페이스(Voice User Interface, 이하 VUI)는 음성을 매개로 일어나는 인간과 기계 간 인터페이스를 뜻한다. 음성 인식율의 향상과 음성 재생 장치의 발달에 힘입어 최근 들어 휴대폰과 자동차 네비게이션 시스템에 주로 적용되고 있다. 최근 이러한 경향은 A/V 시스템 등 가전제품(Domestic Appliance)에도 확대되고 있는데 본 연구에서는 사용자와 필수적이고 빈번한 상호작용이 일어나는 백색 가전을 대상으로 사용자를 만족시키는 음성 인터페이스의 주요 속성 중 음성 생성(Speech Generation)과 관련된 음성 표현을 중점적으로 연구하였다. 연구방법으로 먼저 주부들이 느끼는 가전에서의 문제점과 VUI로서 해결가능성에 대하여 심층집단면접(Focus Group Interviwe, F.G.I.)를 통한 사전조사에서 주요 이슈를 도출하고, 대표적 백색 가전인 에어컨, 세탁기, 김치냉장고, 냉장고, 식기세척기, 오븐레인지 등 6개 제품에 대하여 음성의 물리적 특성, 내용적 특성, 기능에 따른 배치에 대하여 조건에 따라 다양한 프로토타입을 제작한 후 실제 환경과 유사한 실험실 상황에서 사용자의 선호도, 적합도 및 수행을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 각 이슈에 따라 가전제품에 적합한 VUI 가이드라인 특성을 찾아내었다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the relationships between past behavior and customers' intention to engage in voice of dissatisfaction responses. Results of the study demonstrated that the inclusion of past behavior improved the predictability of the voice of dissatisfaction response intentions. Furthermore, the mediating analyses indicated that the influence of past behavior was mediated by mediator. In the contests of voice behavior, the effect of past behavior on intention was not mediated by attitude and perceived behavioral control. Meanwhile, subjective norm mediated the relationship between past behavior and the intention to engage in voice behavior.

This paper describes the experiment that investigated the possibility of design and evaluation of the usability of earcon applied to voice menu. The earcon has functions in providing navigational cue in the hierarchical menu, and also can be applied to vo

This paper reports several emotion detecting methods based on various attributes of human voice. These methods have been developed at our Engineering Systems Laboratory. It is noted that, in all of the proposed methods, only prosodic information in voice is used for emotion recognition and semantic information in voice is not used. Different types of neural networks(NNs) are used for detection depending on the type of voice parameters. Earlier approaches separately used linear prediction coefficients(LPCs) and time series data of pitch but they were combined in later studies. The proposed methods are explained first and then evaluation experiments of individual methods and their performances in emotion detection are presented and compared.