본 연구의 목적은 정신적, 신체적 힐링을 위한 명상용 스마트 의류 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 명상 시 복식호흡 수를 측정함으로써, 의복을 통해 명상의 진입상태를 모니터링 하기 위한 방법을 연구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구 에서는 Single Wall Carbon Nano-Tube (SWCNT)를 기반으로 한 스트레인 게이지 타입의 직물센서를 구현하고, 1차 실험으로 0.1 Hz의 주기로 복부형태의 더미를 5 cm 길이로 2분간 개폐를 반복하여 명상호흡을 시뮬레이션 한 결과 참조전극인 BIOPAC과 직물호흡센서의 신호가 매우 높은 일치도를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 같은 조건으로 2차 본 실험에서 피험자 4명에게 명상호흡을 수행하도록 하였고, 배꼽점, 횡경막 부근 중심과 측면 총 4군데 위치에서 출력된 전압 값을 비교한 결과 배꼽점 중심 위치와 횡경막 측면에서 신호의 일치도가 높고, 크고 안정된 신호형태를 보여 명상호흡을 측정하기에 적합한 위치로 선정되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 긴 호흡주기의 명상호흡을 측정하기 위한 직물센서를 구현하고, 이 센서의 명상 호흡수 측정을 위한 신뢰성과 타당성을 검토하며, 인체 상 측정위치에 따른 호흡 수 측정효율을 비교, 고찰하는 것을 목표로 하였다.

In order to expand the application of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel, a composite material is manufactured by adding mechanically alloyed ODS steel powder to conventional steel and investigated in terms of microstructure and wear properties. For comparison, a commercial automobile part material is also tested. Initial microstructural observations confirm that the composite material with added ODS steel contains i) a pearlitic Fe matrix area and ii) an area with Cr-based carbides and ODS steel particles in the form of a Fe-Fe3C structure. In the commercial material, various hard Co-, Fe-Mo-, and Cr-based particles are present in a pearlitic Fe matrix. Wear testing using the VSR engine simulation wear test confirms that the seatface widths of the composite material with added ODS steel and the commercial material are increased by 24% and 47%, respectively, with wear depths of 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The ODS steel-added composite material shows better wear resistance. Post-wear-testing surface and cross-sectional observations show that particles in the commercial material easily fall off, while the ODS steel-added material has an even, smooth wear surface.

The friction characteristics of Al-Fe alloy powders are investigated in order to develop an eco-friendly friction material to replace Cu fiber, a constituent of brake-pad friction materials. Irregularly shaped Al-Fe alloy powders, prepared by gas atomization, are more uniformly dispersed than conventional Cu fiber on the brake pad matrix. The wear rate of the friction material using Al-8Fe alloy powder is lower than that of the Cu fiber material. The change in friction coefficient according to the friction lap times is 7.2% for the Cu fiber, but within 3.8% for the Al- Fe alloy material, which also shows excellent judder characteristics. The Al-Fe alloy powders are uniformly distributed in the brake pad matrix and oxide films of Al and Fe are homogeneously formed at the friction interface between the disc and pad, thus exhibiting excellent friction and lubrication characteristics. The brake pad containing Al-Fe powders avoids contamination by Cu dust, which is generated during braking, by replacing the Cu fiber while maintaining the friction and lubrication performance.

본 연구의 목적은 스마트 피트니스웨어가 갖추어야 할 요건과 스마트 피트니스웨어의 수용 정도 및 기능 수요를 고찰하고, 이를 기반으로 퍼스널 트레이닝 효과 향상을 지원하는 피트니스용 스마트 스포츠의류의 상품기획 및 디자인 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 전문 피트니스 트레이너를 심층 인터뷰하고 그 응답 자료에 대해 범주분석을 실시한 결과 5개의 범주와 13개 주제어를 도출하였다. 또한 일반 소비자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 스마트 피트니스웨어의 수용 정도와 상품개발에 필요한 기능 수요를 탐색하였다. 그 결과 전반적으로 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 차이보다는 운동의 관여도 및 운동관련 문화와 관련된 특성에 따라 스마트 피트니스웨어의 수용 정도에 차이가 있는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 스마트 피트니스웨어에 대한 기능 수요에 대한 차이점으로는 전문 트레이너의 경우 운동 효과의 과학적 향상에 중점을 두는 반면 일반 소비자는 운동 시 지속성을 고려한 기능을 중요시 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과를 종합하여 ‘심박 센싱, 근육 활성도 센싱, 부위별 운동 동작 각도 또는 자세 센싱, 운동량 센싱 등의 기능 탑재’, ‘전문가 라인과 일반 라인별 컨셉 및 컨텐츠 개발’, ‘압박 의류 형태로 디자인’, ‘운동지역에 따른 상품개발의 차별화’ 등의 상품기획 및 디자인 방향을 제시하였다.

Functional inner-wear being currently sold is being made without regard to the characteristics of various sports events. The purpose of this study is to identify this problem and to investigate the effect of sports taping on golf swing when wearing functional inner-wear. The subjects of this study were 8 male golfers belonging to Korea Professional Golf Association, and Launch monitor and Trackman were used to find out golf club action, ball pitch, distance, etc. There are three types of clubs: driver, wood, and iron, and the first experiment was carried out using only functional inner-wear. In the second experiment, we experimented with functional inner-wear after sports taping, and we compared and analyzed the distance depending on each experiment, the speed of the ball and the club, and the accuracy of the club face. The results of the study were as follows. As a result of driving distance, according to the presence of sports taping on functional inner-wear, there was a statistically significant difference in the driving swing and wood swing, for club and ball speed, there was a statistically significant difference only in the driving swing. Regarding the accuracy by the presence of sports taping on inner-wear, there was a statistically significant difference in the driving swing, wood swing, and iron swing. In conclusion, the sports taping in the functional inner-wear had a positive effect on golf performance improvement, and we hope that golf inner-wear these two specifications combing will be developed in the future.

Functional inner-wear being currently sold is being made without regard to the characteristics of various sports events. The purpose of this study is to identify this problem and to investigate the effect of sports taping on golf swing when wearing functional inner-wear. The subjects of this study were 8 male golfers belonging to Korea Professional Golf Association, and Launch monitor and Trackman were used to find out golf club action, ball pitch, distance, etc. There are three types of clubs: driver, wood, and iron, and the first experiment was carried out using only functional inner-wear. In the second experiment, we experimented with functional inner-wear after sports taping, and we compared and analyzed the distance depending on each experiment, the speed of the ball and the club, and the accuracy of the club face. The results of the study were as follows. As a result of driving distance, according to the presence of sports taping on functional inner-wear, there was a statistically significant difference in the driving swing and wood swing, for club and ball speed, there was a statistically significant difference only in the driving swing. Regarding the accuracy by the presence of sports taping on inner-wear, there was a statistically significant difference in the driving swing, wood swing, and iron swing. In conclusion, the sports taping in the functional inner-wear had a positive effect on golf performance improvement, and we hope that golf inner-wear these two specifications combing will be developed in the future.

Known originally for climbing gear and outdoor clothing, Patagonia is now a leader in the area of sustainability practices. In this qualitative study, we examined the content of Patagonia’s blog “Stories We Wear” (SWW) that features customers’ stories about Patagonia apparel items worn and repaired to extend the product lifecycle. Patagonia encourages its customers to take part in a dialog of anti-consumption via the blog in which readers and authors of the posts can both engage with the brand and create their own sustainable identity. The overarching research question for the study was to determine the major reoccurring themes of the SWW blog posts. Five key themes identified in the blog posts were: (1) the emotional attachment to the apparel item; (2) outdoor adventure travel connecting to escapism; (3) the imagined future of the item; (4) valuing the item as an investment or the mark of a turning point in one’s life and identity; and (5) the act of repairing the item. The reasons SWW writers keep their Patagonia apparel items include quality and comfort, as well as the emotional attachment to both the apparel item and the brand. Carroll and Ahuvia’s (2006) concept of brand love is embedded in SWW stories. The repairs promote sustainability, a brand, and societal value. Customers did not discontinue purchase of new items; instead, they viewed purchases of Patagonia apparel as an investment. Through SWW, Patagonia encourages emotional attachment to its brand and promotes sustainability, while offering customers an opportunity to embrace a shared identity with the brand. The findings demonstrate that the SWW blog is a positive marketing strategy (Gopaldas, 2015) that promotes company, customer, and societal values of sustainability. The themes found in Patagonia’s SWW concept can be utilized by other companies seeking to enhance their sustainability practices and customer engagement with their products.

In order to use PUR/CuO Composites as the sealing materials for ships equipment, this research has been performed. PUR/CuO composites are produced by using ultrasonic waves. The increase of CuO leads to increase in the tensile strength and shore hardness. The cumulative wear volume shows a tendency to increase in proportional to sliding distance. As the CuO particles of these composites indicated, the friction coefficient was slightly increased. The major failure mechanisms were lapping layers, deformation of matrix, plowing, debonding of particles and microcracking by scanning electric microscopy photograph of the wear tested surface.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics are typical examples of carbon fiber, which retain high strength and high strength at high temperatures. Also, it is applied to various fields, such as the structure of the aircraft, automobile, and the core industries. CFRP machining methods include machining tools such as cutting machining and laser machining. In this thesis, a tool dynamometer and tool microscope were used to measure the cutting characteristics of various cutting conditions and tool wear and tool wear. As a result, the cutting force of the new shape drill (lower shape drill) was measured higher than other tools, the amount of tool wear was the lowest, and it was found that a good machined surface was obtained.

목적: 각막굴절교정수술 후 콘택트렌즈 착용자들의 실태를 조사하고 수술 후 각막 곡률과 국내 유통 중인 콘택트렌즈의 직경과 베이스 커브를 분석하였다. 방법: 각막굴절교정수술을 한 261명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 콘택트렌즈 착용 실태를 분석하고, 각막굴절교정수술자의 각막 곡률을 측정 하였다. 국내 유통되는 37개 업체에 328종류 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 베이스커브와 렌즈 직경을 조사하고 분석하였다. 결과: 각막굴절교정수술 후 콘택트렌즈를 착용하거나 착용한 경험이 있는 경우는 16.5%로 나타났으며, 착용목적으로는 미용목적이 81.4%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 콘택트렌즈 구입 장소는 안경원이 86%였으며, 88.4%가 미용콘택트렌즈를 착용하는 것으로 나타났다. 콘택트렌즈 구입 시 수술 사실을 58.1%가 알리지 않 은 것으로 나타났으며, 65.1%가 어떠한 검사도 하지 않고 구입하는 것으로 나타났다. 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 불편사항은 39.5%가 건조함, 18.6%가 렌즈의 움직임으로 불편하다고 답하였으며, 충혈 14%, 눈물 흘림 4.7%, 통증 2.3% 순으로 나타났다. 콘택트렌즈 착용자 중 25.7%가 계속해서 착용할 계획이 있는 것으로 나 타났다. 수술 후 flat한 각막 곡률의 평균은 8.41±0.31mm, steep한 각막곡률의 평균은 8.21±0.34mm 로 평편하게 변화된 것으로 나타났다. 국내에서 유통되고 있는 콘택트렌즈의 베이스 커브는 8.6mm 70.7%, 직 경은 14.0mm 41.2%, 14.2mm 35.1%로 가장 많았으며 피팅할 렌즈의 종류가 한정적이다. 결론: 시력교정을 위해 각막굴절교정수술을 하였지만 미용적인 목적으로 콘택트렌즈를 착용하는 경우가 있었다. 수술 후 각막은 편평하게 변화했으며 착용하게 될 렌즈의 종류가 한정적으로 자세한 검사나 부작용 에 대한 설명은 부족한 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 개선이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

WC-CrC-Ni coatings were prepared by nine processes of the Taguchi program with three levels for the four spray parameters: spray distance, flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen, and powder feed rate. The optimal coating process (OCP) was oxygen flow rate of 38 FMR, hydrogen flow rate of 53 FMR, powder feed rate of 25 g/min, and spray distance of 7 inches. Hardness of 1150 Hv and porosity of 1.2 %, were obtained by OCP; these are better results compared with the highest 1033 Hv and the lowest 1.5% porosity obtained by nine processes of the Taguchi program. Friction coefficient of the WC-CrC-Ni coating decreased from 0.36 ± 0.07 at 25 oC to 0.23 ± 0.07 at 450 oC. These values were smaller than those of the EHC (electrolytic hard chrome) plating at both temperatures due to lubrication from the oxide debris. The wear trace and wear depth of the coating are smaller than those of the EHC at both temperatures. Pitting was not found in the WC-CrC-Ni coating sample, while it did appear in the EHC sample.

Sportswear transforms itself into a new fashion item to satisfy desires for beauty in addition to having functionality and movability for sports activities. Sportswear is not in fashion just temporarily but comes in various forms along with sociocultural phenomenon that put emphasis on well-being and leisure. This research aims to study the needs of the bikers who ride bicycles or cycles has become a popular outdoor activity, and give suggestions for high functional sports design that can satisfy the needs of the highly demanding taste of athletes. To understand the design development direction and design preference, practical consumer needs were derived through a survey analysis on bike wear purchasing satisfaction and actual wearing state by bike riders. For consumer needs analysis, focus group interview, in-depth interview and questionnaire method were used. Based on analysis of those researches, athleisure bike wears appropriate for urban sports activities were categorized into sports, life, fitness and leisure 4 styles for athleisure bike wear design development. It is believed that this study will contribute to in the category expansion of sports wear market and satisfy the consumer demands for functional and specialized casual bike wears as well as fashion factors optimized to life style of modern people.

本稿では身体と関連のある着用動詞の意味分野の研究として、自然な 文脈の伝達と正確な語彙選択によって滑らかに意味の伝達をするために も研究するべき必要性があると考えた。　 身体の着用動詞では、衣服の種類と付着․ 装飾のような種類が動作の 対象になりつつ、文の中で互いにふさわしい関係でなければならない。身 体の着用動詞の範疇を決定するのは、対象物による制限もあるが、身体の 着用動詞の本来の意味属性によっても対象物の選択が制限されたりする。これは、動作の対象物と身体の着用動詞との意味関係の重要性を示してい る。従って言語の意味関係を説明するには、言語の文化的に接近してみる のも必要であると考えられる。全般的に見るとき、意味関係を扱うこと が、自然な文の伝達のためにも必要であるということを確認した。 身体の着用動詞の表現の一つ一つは、初めから1:1対応から出発し現 在、私たちが使用している表現形態と頻度の数を持つようになったと考 えられる。言語使用で表現の数が多いということは、それほど言語表現 を豊かにしてきたということからも意味があり、着目すべき点であると 思う。

In this study, SCM440 alloys are investigated to research the effect of wear resistance. For this purpose, three wear factors which are friction force, wear loss and coefficient of friction applied to test wear-resistance. For the wear test, ball-on-disk was used to assess the variation of wear characteristics. Lastly, the coefficient of wear was calculated by using the Archard's wear equation in SCM440 alloys. The applied normal load was fixed at 30N in all test. The test results showed that SCM440 alloy's Vickers hardness average value is near 671.4Hv, the friction force is 4.11N through the Ball-on-disk test, the coefficient of friction and the wear loss are 0.431 and 0.080 respectively. Finally, Archard’s wear value of SCM440 alloys could be shown approximately 0.1514.

Qualitative consumption is a trend in the children clothing market and watching TV of childcare-entertainment reality programs are becoming popular. This study examines the watching degree of childcare-entertainment reality TV programs of parent buyer (30s) and potential buyer (20s) and we investigate their shopping orientation of children wear. We did the survey research of 200 consumers with SPSS statistical analysis including the review of internet news, paper, and books on children wear shopping orientation. The results are following: first, the longer the watching time of childcare-entertainment reality TV programs, the higher shopping orientation, such as following the fashion of child stars, and the higher the watching preferences on childcare-entertainment reality programs, the greater shopping orientation in following childcare-entertainment reality programs star when they are purchasing children's clothing. Second, potential consumers as well as parent consumers were affected by watching the childcare-entertainment reality programs. Watching childcare-entertainment reality TV programs could give the impact when they were shopping children’s clothing because they wanted to follow the fashion of childcareentertainment reality programs TV star. Accordingly, the exposure of the childcare-entertainment reality programs for children clothing is found to be positive to the both current and future consumers.

E-commerce has become an irreplaceable sales channel for businesses of any size all around the globe. It is a major source of revenue and sales through this channel continue to gain momentum with an annual growth rate of 20%3). The ubiquity, flexibility, and convenience associated with e-commerce has undoubtedly changed the consumption patterns. However, consumers’ preferences and considerations when making purchasing decisions are not static either. In a global competition, businesses have to adopt quickly to respond emerging trends in retail. An important and persistent trend in this regard is ethical consumption, a development which has been widely researched in an offline context. The present experiment demonstrated that online shop-related ethical labeling positively influences consumers’ willingness to pay and purchase intention across a broad range of products. While any type of ethical labeling showed a positive effect in these regards as compared to no ethical labeling, there was no pronounced difference between the various types of labels used. Accordingly, we assume that consumers make inferences from a specific ethical label about the higher–level ethical “trait”.

Metal matrix composites(MMC) can obtain mechanical characteristics of application purposes that a single material is difficult to obtain. Al2 O3/AC8A composites were fabricated by low pressure infiltration process. The purpose is establishing the optimal casting conditions for composite preparation under low pressure. It is known the inorganic binder help infiltration. Therefore Al2O3 fiber preform's optimum sinter temperature is 1160℃, added inorganic binder is mixed binder(SiO2 sol:Al2O3 sol=5:2). And three fibers have been compared (Al2O3 80%/SiO2 20%, Al2O3 80%/SiO2 10% and Al2O3 97%/SiO2 3%). Al2O3/AC8A composites was made by each melting temperatures(650℃, 700℃, 750℃) and wear test was performed about effect of temperatures, kind of fiber, matrix and composites, aging time. Wear test is Ball on disk wear test. The resistance increased with the low melting temperature and Al2O3 80%/SiO2 20% fiber.

Rail wear in a curved track costs significant amount of maintenance efforts every year. The rail wear is affected by such parameters as train speed, curve radius, and insufficient cant. However, while the effect of train speed and curve radius to the rail wear is relatively well-known, the effect of the insufficient cant has not analytically researched sufficiently. In this paper, the effect of the insufficient cant on rail wear is studied using a multibody dynamics program, the Vi-Rail. The multibody analysis is performed using an EMU train model being operated in the urban railway. The hard track is utilized in the analysis. To identify the relationship between rail wear and insufficient cant. the wear analysis is conducted for various train speeds and curve radius based on the Archard model built in the Vi-Rail program. The analysis result reveals that, as the insufficient cant increases, the vertical and horizontal wear of the outer rail increases, but the wear of the inner rail does not show distinct trend.

In this study, the effect of wear resistance was investigated in Al 7075 alloys. For this purpose, three wear factor which are wear loss, coefficient of friction and friction forec applied to test wear-resistance. Wear test of ball-on-disk has been performed using steel balls to determine the variation of wear characteristics. Finally, the coefficient of wear was calculated by the Archard wear equation in Al 7075 alloys.