옥정호로 유입되는 37km의 추령천에는 육봉화된 은어의 이동을 가로막는 많은 보가 설치되어 있었으나 2006년 12월 옥정호 추령천 하류에는 은어가 성숙하기 위해 추령천 상류로 이동하도록 어도가 설치되었다. 따라서 2007년 4월부터 10월까지 13개 지점에서 어도와 은어의 성장률을 조사하였다. 그 결과 어도의 설치 후, 치어들은 강수량이 풍부했던 시기에만 소상할 수 있는 상류를 새로 설치된 어도를 통해서 자유롭게 상류로 이동할 수 있었다. 2007년 9월 산란시기 동안 성숙된 은어는 163±21.5mm로 어도가 설치되기 전인 2006년에 비해 약 13mm, 2004년 약 20mm, 2005년 약 57mm정도 더 크게 나타났다. 따라서 하천에서 어도는 육봉형 은어집단의 평균 크기와 생존력에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다.

인공용승류 해역에서 난자치어의 종조성 및 시공간 변동을 파악하기 위하여 2012년 6월 13일, 9월 21일 및 25일에 난자치어 네트를 이용하여 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 어란은 4,849 ind./1,000 m3, 자치어는 641 ind./1,000 m3이였다. 출현한 어란 중 가장 우점한 종은 멸치(Engraulis japonicus)로써 총 출현량의 약 57.5 %를 차지하였다. 그 외 미동정(Unidentified) 어란 Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ이 출현하였다. 자치어는 청베도라치(Pictiblennius yatabei)가 가장 우점하였으며, 그 다음으로 돛양태류(Repomucenus sp.A, sp.B), 고등어(Scomber japonicus), 멸치(Engraulis japonicus), 전어(Konosirus punctatus) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 미동정(Unidentified) 자치어 Ⅰ, Ⅱ가 출현하였다. 대조구 해역에서는 어란은 멸치, 자치어는 돛양태류가 출현하였다. 시기별 변동에서는 어란 및 자치어 모두 7월에 가장 많았으며, 8월에 가장 낮았다. 정점별 변동에서는 인공용승이 일어나는 인근 정점인 2, 3번에서 어란 및 자치어의 출현량이 가장 많았다. 대조구 해역과의 비교하여 정점당 약 4배 이상 많은 어란 및 자치어가 출현하였다. 인공용승에 의한 영양염류 및 먹이생물의 증가로 인하여 어란 및 자치어의 출현량이 증가한 것으로 판단된다.

The paper presents a case of PIMFY-ism concerning the introduction of wind turbines into a local place. Our observation made for Jeju Island (South Korea) contrasts tothe previous findings that report local resistance to wind turbine construction. The island has been a mecca for wind farm construction for the last decade in Korea. The island’s plenty of wind was a challenge to islander’s livelihood activities in the past but it has now turned to be an economicsource for supporting villagers through compensation arrangements. By highlighting two case studies, we made it clear social process by which wind turbine construction projects were negotiated and implemented. Our study pointed to the significanc of an economic situation of a local place in shaping local attitudes to wind energy investment.

2012년도 세계에너지기구(International Energy Agency)의 향후 에너지 수급동향 보고서에 따르면 일본의 후쿠시마 다이치(Fukushima Daiichi) 원자력 발전소 사고 이후 원자력 에너지의 사용감소 현상과 더불어 단기적으로 석유 및 가스에너지에 대한 의존도가 증대되었다. 그리고 중국, 인도, 브라질 등의 신흥국가의 경제개발 및 인구증가로 인하여 2020년 유가가 100달러를 돌파할 것으로 전망됨에 따라 심해유전에 대한 개발 수요는 점차 확대될 것으로 전망된다. 이를 뒷받침하는 근거로서 Douglass Westwood사와 같은 해양플랜트 시장분석기관은 2020년까지 약 3,200억 달러 정도로 해양플랜트시장이 급성장할 것으로 예상하고 있고, 이에 따라 국내 조선소 4사(현대중공업, 삼성중공업, 대우조선해양, STX조선해양)도 일반 상선의 수주 보다 해양플랜트 수주에 집중하고 있다.육상건조장에서 선박을 건조하여 시운전을 마치고 선주에게 인도하는 신조선건조공사와 비교하여 해양플랜트공사는 상대적으로 훨씬 많은 위험에 노출되어 있다. 그리고 공사 중 사고가 발생할 경우 손해액이 커서 가해자는 손해배상책임을 성실히 이행할 수 없거나, 이행하더라도 피해자가 제기한 손해배상액에 상응하는 배상을 하지 않을 경우 많은 법적 분쟁이 예상된다. 따라서 해양플랜트공사 중 제3자에게 발생하는 인적․물적 손해에 대한 피보험자의 재산손해의 전보, 금전적 배상수단의 확보, 피해자 구제 및 사회안정의 측면에서 배상책임보험을 활용할 필요성이 점차 증대되고 있다. 특히 이러한 대․내외적인 위험 상황 속에서 해양플랜트공사를 안전하게 진행하고 완성하기 위해서 피보험자는 해양플랜트공사보험상의 배상책임약관을 추가적으로 가입하여 예상치 못한 사고에 따른 피보험자 스스로의 재정적인 안정성을 도모함과 동시에 효과적으로 위험을 관리해야 한다. 따라서 이 논문은 해양플랜트공사보험에 있어서 배상책임관계를 검토하여 공사에 참여하는 각 주체간의 책임 소재를 구분할 수 있도록 기준을 마련하고, 배상책임약관에 대하여 해석론적으로 고찰하고자 한다.

There is a considerable amount of research on ship worker’s hearing loss caused by vibration and noise that comes from the ship’s construction. A further investigation that characterizes the sound that comes from building or repairing a ship is nonexistent or insufficient, however. To do this, a noise management plan is needed. It should include a generated sound process from the main sources of disturbance in the ship- building areas. And a soundproof measurement will identify the amount of noise reduction needed for a hearing- safe working environment. Finally, researchers in this study measured tests on the noise and the vibration process, and the noise caused by operations allowed for an investigation on the suitability of certain environmental conditions. Noise-related programs can be used to predict the noise distribution of the noise level characteristic. This can help identify and reduce the presence of sound interference through sound proofing measures.

Recently in the construction business construction companies has been ordered to survive in the terriblly competitive environment. Aa a result, most of the project with low-priced contract needs a speedy progress during all construction period. For the last five years major incident frequently occurs and results in the death of 189 workers at major top 6 construction builders. In most recent 10 years, the cause of major incidents happened in construction company is the speedy construction work that is affecting on the safety management. To prevent these accidents in the speedy construction work, four factors were chosed and analysed such as the personnel/organization, the working budget, the subcontractor selection and the employee motivation. The head office taked the support plan and tested it at the pilot work site. It showed a reduced accident and the harmful factors can be eliminated. It should be able to apply to the field to secure safety and prevent accidents.

Systems (RES) UTIS the roadside, and when the fire truck, fire engine installed in the terminal (OBE) to detect the location of the fire truck when the control signal at the intersection of quickly dispatch emergency vehicles quickly and safely through the intersection to beare. You should establish the effect of the system by the conjunction with UTIS system, emergency vehicles can be dispatched quickly to shorten the processing time of disaster, accidents incidents and protect the lives and property of the citizens.

Initially, most of ubiquitous city(hereafter u-City) projects in Korea were supported by the government because they focused on providing public services. Having constructed several u-Cities, pioneering people realized that there were several issues to successful operations such as providing useful services to citizens, supporting operational costs, continuing the need for investments, and so on. Recently, public-private collaboration efforts have increased to solve these issues. This paper studies a case of such efforts by applying a Public-Private Partnership Cooperation (PPPC) model to u-City projects. The case study introduces u-City development for an Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ). It is expected that the presented case will help boost the sustain-ability of u-Cities by solving surrounding issues and providing an effective operational mechanism.

본 논문에서는 도심지 지하에 터널 전력구를 건설하는 경우 시공단계별 영향을 고려한 구조해석을 수행하였다. 해석대상의 도심지 지하에는 여러 종류의 다양한 라이프라인 구조체가 설치되어 있다. 터널전력구의 구조해석에는 지반체의 유한요소해석 프로그램인 MPDAP을 사용하였다. 라이프라인 구조체와 터널 전력구 사이의 이격거리가 가장 작은 대표적인 3개의 단면에 대하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 터널의 굴착단계별 유한요소해석에서 발생되는 평형불균형성 문제는 평형섭동개념을 적용하여 해결하였다. 또한 터널 굴착에 의한 시간의존 변형의 영향은 하중분담율을 사용하여 시공단계별로 고려하였다. 본 연구에서 검토한 3개의 대표단면에서는 터널 전력구 주변 지반체에서 발생하는 최대변위값은 허용변위값이내를 보여주었다.

강릉항 주변 해역의 퇴적환경의 변화 특성을 파악하기 위해 2007년 2월부터 2009년 2월까지 총 5회에 걸쳐 획득한 퇴적물의 조직변수와 측량 자료를 분석하였다. 연구지역의 퇴적물은 주로 모래로 이루어져 있고 외해 방향으로 갈수록 입도가 세립해진다. 하계에 평균입경은 외해역, 강릉항 내측, 남항진 해빈에서 동계보다 조립하게 나타났으며, 안목 해빈에서는 점차적으로 세립해지는 양상을 나타냈다. 강릉항 완공 전의 연구 결과와 비교할 때, 강릉항 완공 후 평균입경은 안목 해빈에서 세립해졌으나, 남항진 해빈에서 조립해졌다. 2년간의 침 퇴적 양상을 보면, 수심 5-10 m 사이 지역에서는 침식이, 수심 2-5 m 사이 지역에서는 퇴적이 우세하며, 수심이 2 m 보다 얕은 지역에서는 침식과 퇴적이 교호하는 형태로 침식이 다소 우세하게 나타났다. 연구지역의 퇴적물 조직변수와 침 퇴적 분포는 지속적으로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 변화는 계절적인 변동뿐만 아니라 장기변화 추이 양상을 보이고 있고, 강릉항 완공 후 장기변화 추이는 유지되는 것으로 생각된다.

By the exhaustion of natural resources and the aggravation of the food situation, many countries are going ahead with development of the ocean space and ocean resources. To expand the border of human life, it is necessary to develop the underwater space. To perform these objectives, it is required to construct and secure a seabed base. The construction of a seabed base will also be the motive power for economy growth in the future. The key technologies to construct a seabed base under high pressure and low temperature conditions are the extreme engineering technologies and they are some parts of space engineering. They are also key technologies to survive when a worldwide-huge disaster attacks the earth. In this study, the necessary technologies for the construction of seabed base were surveyed. And the surveyed technologies were categorized by phase 1 and phase 2, which were defined by construction depth and size, and possible time. The surveyed results showed that it is necessary to construct a seabed base and develop a new constructional material and energy supplying method.

Crystals of proteinaceous insecticidal proteins, Cry proteins, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been generally used to control insect pests. In this study, through the 3D structure prediction and accompanying mutagenesis study for the Mod-Cry1Ac, 7 and 16 amino acid residues from domain I and II, respectively, responsible for its insecticidal activity against larvae of Spodoptera exigua and Ostrinia furnacalis were identified. To construct novel cry genes with enhanced insecticidal activity, we randomly mutated these 23 amino acid sequences by in vitro muti site-directed mutagenesis, resulting in totally 24 mutant cry genes. For further characterization, these mutant cry genes were expressed as a fusion protein with polyhedrin using baculovirus expression system. SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant polyhedra revealed that expressed Cry proteins was occluded into polyhedra and activated stably to 65 kDa by trypsin. When the insecticidal activities of these mutant Cry proteins against to larvae of P. xylostella and S. exigua were assayed, they showed higher or similar insecticidal activity compared to those of Cry1Ac and Cry1C. Especially, among them Mutant-N16 showed the highest insecticidal activity against to both of P. xylostella and S. exigua. Therefore, Mutant-N16 is considered to have the potential for the efficacious biological insecticide.

According to Department of labor guideline “2012-104 (2012.9.26.)” This study is to suggest the basic information and the improvement for the application of risk assessment on a construction site by group interview & survey of construction worker who is the practice of the subject and then numerical analysis about awareness and action plan of Safety and health. The result of group interview and survey of construction worker, most of construction worker feel the danger during the work. Then construction worker analysis results that risk assessment helps to change & raise awareness of safety and reduce an industrial disaster. Easy Safety management activity such as TBM & safety education active will be necessary for safe worksite and then I suggest the TBT(tool box talk) active which combines TBM & safety education.

This study compared the disasters in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won and the whole construction fields in order to improve the efficacy of various industrial safety and health policies and services and examined the characteristics of disasters in construction field under 300,000,000 won. It also examined, compared and analyzed the characteristics of disaster in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won that disaster prevention technical experts saw. The subjects of comparison were selected with statistical data of disaster for 2011 and those of disaster in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won from January to August of 2012. And questionnaire was conducted with technical instruction experts of small-sized construction field and priority was drawn, compared and analyzed with AHP. Consequently, the results of different views between actual disaster data and experts' views were obtained. Therefore, this study suggested the characteristics of disaster in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won and presented the methods for improving disaster prevention technical experts.

Recently in the construction business construction companies has been ordered to survive in the terriblly competitive environment. Aa a result, most of the project with low-priced contract needs a speedy progress during all construction period. For the last five years major incident frequently occurs and results in the death of 189 workers at major top 6 construction builders. In most recent 10 years, the cause of major incidents happened in construction company is the speedy construction work that is affecting on the safety management. To prevent these accidents in the speedy construction work, four factors were chosed and analysed such as the personnel/organization, the working budget, the subcontractor selection and the employee motivation. The head office taked the support plan and tested it at the pilot work site. It showed a reduced accident and the harmful factors can be eliminated. It should be able to apply to the field to secure safety and prevent accidents.

This study draws on recent corpus-based information to investigate the influence of frequency on Korean ESL learners’ acquisition of English verbs occurring with the double object construction (DC). Thirty low English proficiency Koreans (LPK), 30high English proficiency Koreans (HPK), and 30 native English speakers (NS)participated in an acceptability judgment test and an elicited production task featuring six high frequency (HF) verbs and six low frequency (LF) verbs. Results indicate that (a) both the LPK and the HPK more favorably accepted and more frequently produced DC sentences with HF verbs than with LF verbs and (b) the HPK more favorably accepted and more frequently produced DC sentences with both HF and LF verbs than the LPK. These results are interpreted as evidence for the significant role of frequency in Korean learners’ acquisition of English verbs occurring with the DC. The study ends with a discussion of theoretical and pedagogical implications.