The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends in Korean language education for North Korean refugees. In pursuance of this goal, the study collected bibliographic information from 1,924 academic papers related to North Korean defectors and analyzed their research trends using language network analysis methods. The frequency and centrality of the academic papers were analyzed by year, using an analysis tool, NetMiner 4.0, which focuses on analyzing social networks. The findings of the analysis were as follows: First, the study of North Korean defectors began to explode in 2010. Second, the most central words were ‘education,’ ‘unification,’ ‘policy,’ ‘support,’ ‘experience’ and ‘relationship.’ Third, for North Korean defectors, Korean language education as a foreign language was more actively done than general Korean language education. Fourth, the analysis of 15 topics showed that topics on social issues accounted for the highest percentage at 25%. Finally, the areas of greatest interest in Korean language education were vocabulary, pronunciation, and intonation education. It is hoped that more research on Korean language education for North Korean defectors will be carried out in the future.

The purpose of the study is to propose Korean text education for foreign students majoring in translation. Korean as a foreign language students need to improve their Korean skills before taking higher level translation classes. However, there are no basic courses to solve this problem. For this purpose, the study argued for providing Korean text education for advanced Korean language courses and translation. Further, it attempted to show the effectiveness of ‘back translation’. For the study, an experiment was conducted with two groups. One group studied the text structure and language of the instruction manual, and the other group did not study them. The research findings are as follows: first, the text-trained experimental group performed better than their counterpart. They completed the text properly and did not make many translation errors or language errors. In addition, the experimental group showed higher satisfaction with the class. Based on the results of the study, future research suggestions are made.

오늘날 해외 선교지와 국내 이주민 선교 현장에서 한국어 학습자가 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 이주민 선교는 유형별로 선교전략을 달리하여 접근해야 한다. 국내 외국인 유학생들은 초기 정착과정에서 한국어 공부에 대한 필요가 크다. 한국어 공부는 선교의 좋은 접촉점이 되지만 큰 수요에 비해 선교를 위한 한국어 교재개발과 공급이 매우 절실한 상황이다. 선교목적 한국어 교재개발은 학습자인 외국인 유학생, 한국 인 교사, 성경과 일반 내용을 융합한 텍스트와 유학생들의 삶과 학업 현장의 상황을 고려해야 한다. 이를 토대로 한국의 유학생 전도용 한국어 공부 교재로 개발한 본 연구자의 졸고 『세계관 한글공부』 교재를 분석했다. 한국 유학생인 학습자 상황, 세계관 연구방법과 한국어 교육을 접목한 특징, 내용과 구성을 중심으로 교재를 분석하고, 유학생 선교현장에서 교재를 활용한 선교적 적용 및 활용 방안을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to present the contents of ‘Korean politeness’, which can be used to learn ‘Korean as a Second Language’, from the perspective of ‘conversational performance’. To this end, first, the concept of Korean politeness was examined in two elements: ‘sociocultural norm consciousness’ and ‘conversational strategy of individual speech act’. A conversational performance model of Korean politeness was also investigated as a educational unit of politeness contents. This performance model is composed of ‘adjacency pair’ and based of ‘common ground’ including honorific and speech act requirements. In order to construct educational politeness contents for KSL learner, conversational scenes of the revised KSL textbook, Standard Korean for Elementary Schoolchild were then analysed. In conclusion, politeness contents of KSL textbook were revealed in three aspects: ‘practice of using honorific style’, ‘politeness routines’, ‘politeness expressions and strategies’. Based on the results of the analysis, the direction of politeness education for KSL learners in elementary school was finally proposed in both ‘speech act’ and ‘conversation type’ pragmatic education.

The purpose of this study is to examine the perspective of gender in Korean textbooks in the Korea Immigration and Integration Program(KIIP), and to provide basic materials to develop more balanced gender consciousness and to reflect the reality of gender consciousness in Korean society. The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean language textbooks for KIIP. Korean textbooks in KIIP are graded from 0 to 4 levels. However, in this study, level 0 and the beginning level 1 were excluded. The study mainly analyzed illustrations, specifically pictures including those that depict the characters in the textbooks, as well as texts, specifically, the sentences, exercises, an listening dialogues of the target grammar. This study analyzed the gender roles and gender stereotypes in the illustrations and texts in Korean textbooks. As a result, gender stereotypes that were biased to one side in the elementary and intermediate textbooks were suggested or implicitly recognized in a whole society Therefore, in order for migrants to adapt to Korean society, it is necessary to suggest the correct gender role of Korean society within the Korean textbook. To this end, it is necessary to consider the part that can be perceived as one-sided gender stereotypes, and education on the proper recognition of gender and gender equality must be carried out in the development of textbooks.

Despite the importance of the EPS-TOPIK(Employment Permit System-Test of Proficiency in Korean) exam for those who aim to work in Korea under the EPS system, not enough studies have been done on the subject of EPS-TOPIK exam and the official Textbook. In addition, studies on representation of nationality and skin color in textbooks are rare compared to such studies on gender representation. This study investigates the Textbook which hasn't been researched enough, on the matter of representation not only based on gender but also on nationality and skin color. This study analyzes the Textbook quantitatively with the focus on the 20 main characters and qualitatively on the illustrations and texts, and suggests that the Textbook should properly represent its users who intend to work in Korea under the EPS system. Stereotypes based on nationality, preference of so-called ‘Korean’ skin tone and gender inequality should be rejected. The chapter on sexual harrassment in workplace should be revised to go against victim-shaming and to contain helpful contents for sexual harrassment survivors.

In this paper, while examining the entire vocabulary of Korean Basic Dictionary, the vocabulary list is presented by selecting the definitions related to the mouthfeel. The mouthfeel has 2 meanings. One is the sensible feeling you have when chewing food. And the second one is the feeling related to physical texture of the food. The meanings are divided into <surface texture>, <hardness>, <elasticity>, <viscosity>, <moistness>, <heat>. After examining how such qualities are related to food texture, the vocabulary list is categorized according to the main meaning features. We looked closely at how the vocabulary in each area is related to each other in each meaning’s field. In order to understand the relation of vocabulary more systematically, it was drawn into the segmented table. Through this observations, we tried to find out how the vocabulary related to the mouthfeel was developed.

The purpose of this study is to develop a curriculum to help foreign broadcasters who will be in demand in the future develop pragmatic language and Korean language skills suitable for broadcasting languages. Based on literature review related to broadcasting language and Korean for Occupational Purposes, the broadcasting language conditions for foreign broadcasters were organized. In order to develop the Korean language curriculum, it’s been interviewed and surveyed foreign broadcasters who are working at Korean broadcasting stations. Based on the needs assessment, the education contents and teaching items were designed. The principles of composition of the curriculum established in this study are as follows. (1) Curriculum for Korean language and broadcasting ability for foreigners; (2) content that can be understood and proceeded with the characteristics of genre; (3) use the correct broadcasting language; (4) active response attitude; and (5) a broadcaster with the ability to understand Korean culture. Proposals for the curriculum that can help foreign broadcasters grow into good communicators of cultural content in Korea are presented.

The purpose of this study is to point out the problems of Korean language policy and education through some phenomena of variation and change in Korean language, and to show how they should go in the future. Since language policy and education are directly related to the status of language, in Chapter 2 we outline the current status and situation of Korean. In Chapter 3, we examine some of the variations and changes in Korean language, which are highly interesting from a social perspective. Based on these results, in Chapter 4, we present the direction of Korean policy and education as ‘rich and just Korean’. So far, the key direction of policy and education for the Korean language has been ‘window-dressing language policy’ and ‘window-dressing language education’. They have attempted to refine Korean by simplifying and abstracting the various language facts and disregarding of the elements that seemed not to be beautiful. The language policy and education caught up in the ‘beautiful Korean’ obsession have lasted for decades in Korean. Now Korean speakers should be liberated from ‘beautiful and pure Korean’ ideology. We should pay more attention to local dialects, North Korean words, slang and buzzwords, and net languages. We need to accept new concepts through contact with other languages. With its diversity, richness, and political correctness, Korean will be able to keep its place firmly in the strong waves of English and grow into an important language of the world.

본고는 17권의 한·중 현대소설 텍스트의 차등 비교문에서 ‘更’과 ‘还’에 상응하는 한국어의 다양한 정도부사 표현에 있어서의 그 원인을 알아보고자 한다. 그중 인지 언어학 연구 방법론의 하나인 원형이론에서 Langacker의 연결망 모형을 바탕으로 ‘更’과 ‘还’에 상응하는 한국어 정도부사의 의미 연결망 모형 그리고 수평 차원에서의 원형이론을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 차등 비교문 안의 한국어 정도부사 사용에는 정도상의 표현 되는 크기에만 차이가 있기 때문에 다양한 정도부사의 표현이 가능하다는 것이다. 또 하나는 차등 비교문 안의 연이은 정도부사 사용을 살펴보면서 정도부사 간의 양(量)의 격차 즉, 거리가 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 만약 거리를 고려하지 않는다면 비문이 되어 원형적 차등 비교문 효과를 나타낼 수 없을 뿐 아니라 두 대상 간의 비교 정도치를 극대화 하거나 반대로 극소화 시킬 수 없다는 것이다. 그러므로 연이은 정도부사 사용이 차등 비교문 안에서 원형적 차등 비교문 효과를 나타내기 위해선 반드시 양(量)의 격차를 고려해야 하며, 그중 본고의 연구를 통해 ‘중량(中量) 부사’ > ‘소량(小量) 부사’ 그리고 양(量)의 격차가 ‘0’ 일 때의 동일 선상에서 연이은 정도부사의 사용이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This paper aims to explore how Korean-Chinese bilingual speakers process Korean final ending -ko. Korean-Chinese bilingual speakers from Yanbian participated in the masked priming experiments through a word judgment task. The masked priming experiments were designed to compare the subjects’ response under three different prime-target conditions: Identical Condition, Unrelated Condition, and Test Condition. The participants’ response time in the experiments was statistically analyzed in two different ways: i.e., subject (F1) analyses and item (F2) analyses. The results of both the subject analyses and the item analyses revealed full priming effects, as is usually found in native speakers’ morphological processing. These findings indicate that Chinese-Korean bilingual speakers are sensitive to each combining morpheme of morphologically complex words including Korean final ending -ko and their processing of the words are not dependent upon the lexical storage of the full form.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how grammatical patterns of command in using hedge strategies function based on the principle of relative status in the Korean language. In order to accomplish the purpose, types of command in using hedge strategies are classified. The results showed that grammatical patterns of command are functioned to save the listener’s face from a listener’s viewpoint, and to strengthen details of propositions used from a proponent’s viewpoint. Also, from a speaker’s viewpoint, they are functioned to reduce the burden of command acts, and to agree with others implicitly or to follow his or her role demanded in the conversation. It also indicated that specific patterns are selected depending on language users, and context factors such as listeners’ reactions, hierarchical relations among listeners and speakers, their closeness to each other, location and formality of context, and publicity of their topics. Based on the findings, a pedagogical implication is suggested to provide language users’ multi-faceted competence in Korean.

This study is aims to study the perceptions of test-takers of TOPIK by analyzing the result in a critical assesment perspective. A survey with 98 TOPIK test-takers was conducted, and in-depth interviews with 10 students were followed to delve into their emotional reactions toward the TOPIK test. The results showed that the test-takers of TOPIK considered the test as an instrument to accomplish their purpose such as entering school, continuing studies, or applying for jobs. It was found that the test-takers had suffered from mental pressure, stress when they took the test. Second, the test-takers acknowledged TOPIK to be irrelevant to evaluate practical Korean language skills which are required to stay or study in Korea. Third, most test-takers were able to access information on TOPIK through various ways, yet they recognized the ways to be insufficient and limited. Besides, the respondents expressed discomfort with the inconsiderate management system and environment of the test in particular, such as the announcement of the results, considerable distance to the test venues, and attitude of the examination supervisors. The research proposes the following suggestions to improve TOPIK. First, considering that the purpose of TOPIK is to evaluate Korean language proficiency of test-takers, the questions must be developed for assessing their authentic skills of Korean language. Second, the test environment needs to be enhanced to ensure a complete and equitable test to be conducted. Paying attention to recruiting and educating exam supervisors is also needed as well. Third, it is important to protect the test-takers’ rights over their responsibilities.

This study investigated how Japanese learners of Korean perceive the similarity of stop sounds between the Korean and Japanese languages. The results found, compared to the beginner’s group, the advanced group showed a lower rating value for the similarity for the same stimulus sound, and the learners with a higher perception ability distinguished lower similarities, even among the inner groups of the beginner’s and advanced group. This study also investigated how the related information in the native language affects how the learners perceive lenis consonants in word-medial position in the Korean language, as Japanese stop sounds are divided into two sounds depending on [±voiced] feature, whereas Korean stop sounds do not have a voiced sound in word-initial consonantal context, but the lenis consonants go through voicing in word-medial position. In result, Japanese learners tend to perceive the lenis consonants in word-medial position much better than other sounds, and it was shown that the related information in native language had played a positive role in perceiving Korean word-medial consonants.

어떤 주장을 두고 그것을 비판적으로 종합하는 일은 인문학의 사회적 책무다. 그 책무를 다하려는 이 작업은 따라서 ‘중국어 원지음 표기와 한국어 정체성 보존’이라는 구체적 문제에 접근하는데 어떤 방법이 더 타당할지를, 또 이를 토대로 어떤 제언이 가능할지를 이론적으로 탐색한다. 주된 방법론적 틀은 수렴과 분기의 변증법적 관계설정으로 삼는다. 궁극적으로는 문화적 고정성과 유동성의 모순을 한쪽으로 환원·포섭하려는 이론 생산 및 논의 주체의 욕망을 들여다보려 애씀과 동시에 그것이 생성시킬 벡터의 정당성은 다름 아닌 대중문화의 향유 주체인 대중과 일상적 언어생활의 영위 주체인 언중의 억눌린 욕망이 해방되는 장을 상 정할 때 비로소 획득될 수 있다는 주장을 내어 놓으면서 또 다른 비판적 종합을 기다린다.

This study aims to investigate how L1 Chinese speakers of Korean acquire Korean embedded clauses with wh-expressions. Korean embedding verbs tutta ‘listen’ (Propositional-selecting predicate class) and kwungkumhata ‘wonder’ (Question-selecting predicate class) subcategorize for different types of complements which are defined by declarative complementizer ta or interrogative complementizer nunci. Tutta takes declarative or interrogative clauses and kwungkumhata can take only interrogatives. Experimental stimuli consisted of 12 embedding clauses by tutta (6 ta complementizer items and nunci complementizer items) and 12 embedding clauses by kwungkumhata(6 ta complementizer items and nunci complementizer items). Sixty three intermediate and advanced Chinese speakers of Korean(CK) participated in the study and 40 Korean native speakers(NK) participated as a control group. CK subjects were divided into 31 CK high group and 32 CK low group according to the participants’ Korean proficiency. The acceptability judgment among 3 groups were significantly different in the tutta-nunci condition and kwungkumhata-ta condition. The result showed that different learning principles were applied depending on the proficiency of learners. CK high group accepted the wh-embedding sentences in accordance with the semantic meaning of matrix verbs and type of wh-embedding clauses. However CK low group were not sensitive enough to discern the different linguistic context of wh-embedding sentences and rather accepted most of the given sentences.

This study aims at investigating 1)the perception of international students' mother tongue and Korean language, 2)whether their perception differs with the degree of Korean proficiency, and 3)whether the degree of exposure to Korean can affect Korean proficiency. Eighty nine international students participated in a questionnaire survey. The overall results on the survey showed that the international students' perception of their mother tongue was strong in general. However, interesting findings were that the participants' level of Korean proficiency was closely related to the perception of mother tongue: the participants who had a low level of Korean proficiency showed a comparatively strong perception of mother tongue. Furthermore, the perception of Korean language was weaker compared to that of their mother tongue. However, the exposure to Korean(e.g. the frequency of using Korean) playing a role in improving Korean proficiency was observed. Therefore, this study suggests that acquiring Korean can be related to the perception of mother tongue and that the international students should raise the frequency of contact with Koreans for their Korean proficiency.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekeliruan yang terdapat dalam kamus bilingual bahasa Indonesia-Korea, mengingat kepentingan kamus bilingual dalam pendidikan bahasa asing. Secara lebih terperinci, penelitian ini secara mendalam menyelidiki ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea’ yang diterbitkan pada 2016 sebagai sebuah kamus yang dipandang representatif di antara kamus sejenis, berdasarkan anggapan bahwa penyusunan kamus bilingual pada dasarnya tidak berbeda dengan proses penerjemahan kamus monolingual/bilingual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa tipe kekeliruan dalam ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea,’ yaitu kekeliruan makna yang tidak tepat, kekeliruan makna yang tidak memadai, kekeliruan penggunaan kata yang tidak baku atau berasal dari bahasa Melayu, kekeliruan karena salah ketik, kekeliruan gramatikal, dan kekeliruan contoh penggunaan. Tambahan pula, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa kebanyakan kekeliruan tersebut diakibatkan oleh kekeliruan penerjemahan, khususnya dalam menerjemahkan nama flora, fauna, serta istilah. Lagi pula, terdapat banyak kekeliruan penerjemahan yang diakibatkan hanya oleh kelalaian dan kesembronoan penyusun kamus.

The purposes of this study are to analyze high-frequency hedges in dissertations and provide basic data for Korean education for academic purposes. For these purposes, the investigator analyzed ‘-(으)ㄹ 수 있 다, -(으)ㄹ 것이다, and -(으)로 보이다’ in terms of frequency, distribution by the structure, and forms of combination in 50 dissertations for a master’s degree. The findings were as follows: first, ‘-(으)ㄹ 수 있다, -(으)ㄹ 것이다, and -(으)로 보이다’ were used total 3,880 times across all the dissertations. Of them, ‘-(으)ㄹ 수 있다’ were used 2,496 times, recording an overwhelmingly higher frequency than the others. Secondly, the study analyzed the frequency of hedges by the part in dissertations and found that hedges were most used in “Findings”(56.6%). Finally, there were standardized forms frequently combined with each hedge. ‘-(으)ㄹ 수 있다,’ for instance, was frequently used in the forms of ‘-(이)라고 할 수 있다/다고 할 수 있다,’ ‘-(으)ㅁ을 알 수 있다,’ and ‘-다는 것을 알 수 있다.’