This study was carried out to know the substitute effect of Yacto (leaf mold compost) on popped rice hulls compost (PRHC) in Yang-jik nursery bed of Panax ginseng. PRHC was mixed with Yacto as 50:50 ratio, and 1 ~ 2% of the mixed oil cake, rice bran and urea were also added to promote decaying the mixed compost. The mixed compost made by PRHC and Yacto was showed that positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling when it was mixed with 1% of oil cake and rice bran, and 2% of mixed oil cake. But addition to the 2% of urea in the mixture of PRHC and Yacto was not positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling. Root yield of the mixed compost was similar to that of conventional compost by made 100% of Yacto. Therefore, the mixed compost can substitute for Yacto when PRHC and Yacto were mixed by 50:50 ratio and added 1% of oil cake and rice bran.

This study was carried out to select economical byproduct composts as the substitute for the traditionalorganic fertilizer, Yacto, in the cultivation of ginseng seedlings, and to investigate the application method of a selected com-post. Among tested byproduct composts, popped rice hull compost was the best substitute for Yacto, while the application ofdomestic animal manure composts resulted in red skinned roots of ginseng seedlings. Optimal mixing ratio of the poppedrice hull compost with virgin soil (fine sand) were 3~4:1 in bulk, showing the same root yield compared to that of conven-tional seedbed soil. When the popped rice hull compost was lower than 1±0.1% in nitrogen content, the expeller cake of oilseed was added to seedbed soil to rise nitrogen content until 1±0.1%.

된장은 한국의 독특한 발효 식품이며 장양이라 불리는 전통적인 제조 방법에 의해 제조된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고숙성 된장에서 새롭게 생성된 성분과 그것의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 5년 숙성된 된장으로부터 새로운 o-dihydroxyisoflavone인 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone과 기존에 알려진 두 가지의 o-dihydroxyisoflavone을 각각 분리하여 다른 isoflavone과의 항산화 효과 및 미백효과를 비교 측정하였다. Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 활성 저해 효과는 7,8,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 1), 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 2) 그리고 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compopund 3)은 각각 21.5 ± 0.2, 28.7 ± 0.4 그리고 32.6 ± 0.6 (IC50)을 나타낸 반면 daidzein은 이들에 비해 약한 DPPH 활성 저해 효과를 나타냈다. Superoxide 소거 효과는 L-ascorbic acid에 비해 compound 1 (IC50 = 18.10 ± 0.2 μM)과 2 (IC50 = 10.54 ± 0.4 μM)가 보다 효과적인 반면 compound 3과 daidzein은 이들에 비해 낮은 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 melan-a cells에서 o-dihydroxyisoflavone 유도체들의 티로시나제 활성과 멜라닌 생성을 비교 측정하였다. 특히 Compound 1 (IC50 = 11.21 ± 0.2 μM), 2 (IC50 = 5.23 ± 0.6 μM)의 경우 compound 3과 daidzein에 비해 티로시나제 활성을 억제하는데 효과가 있었으며 또한 멜라닌 생성을 50 % 억제할 때의 결과에서 이들 화합물은 각각 12.23 ± 0.7 μM (1), 7.83 ± 0.7 μM (2)과 같이 멜라닌 생성 억제 효능을 나타내었다. 따라서 고숙성 된장에서 유래한 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone은 항산화 및 미백효과를 가지는 화장품 소재로써 사용 가능하리라 판단된다.

Although the effort to accomplish the various modem design fields with richer meanings and representation imbued with creative traditional elements, the actual eco-interior design is quite limited to the arrangement of traditional ingredients to represent the simple and improvisational image for the surroundings without proper direction or identity of traditional Korean style, lacking the fundamental understanding and proper application. This project plan is to represent the ym-yang philosophy based on geometrical symbolism for workspace, and it also combines not only the utilization of unique characteristics of plants and space, which are based on known studies, but also the idea of 'Chi' for the choice of materials and their color based on 'Five-Elerrent' philosophy. The application of Yin-Yang can be seen in the division of floor plan and the 'Yin-Yang' symbol on the wall toward East, and the Five-Element is symbolized by unique materials and color used for each direction. Based on the survey regarding effectiveness of em-interior design work with traditional design elerrents, it appeared that the majority of people were very positive toward the traditional idea of Yin-Yang and Five-Element, and they acknowledged the possible effectiveness of Chi in living. The application of traditional elerrents in modern eco-interior design work is acknowledging the objective value of the tradition, and the understanding of fundamental meaning and its value is the proper way to accomplish the real modern traditional interior landscape design, other than short-term resolution of arrangement of simple elements. Thus, further studies and resean:hes should be continued to introduce traditional design elements for eco-interior design work.

This study investigated the distributive property of micropollutants in sediment around Gwang-yang bay using simultaneous analytical method of 310 chemicals. In the results, the major micropollutants detected were CH type chemicals such as aliphatic, polycyclic compounds, benzenes, and CHN(O) type chemicals aromatic amines, and pesticides. Insecticides of pesticide type were frequently detected at all sampling site. The total concentration of micropollutants were higher in summer than in winter and measured within the range of ND ～ 36.50㎍/L. Also, because of effect of seomjin river, GY6 of all sampling site detected by the highest concentration, GY10 and 11 located in Gwang-yang outside bay were not detected the micropollutants. From the result of this study, we should estimated that the industrial complex located in Gwang-yang inside bay and an inflow of fresh water through the Seomjin river are major pollution sources of Gwang-yang bay.

The total tug capacity needed for berthing/unberthing operations of a ship may vary depending on the ship's type, size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances. Traditionally, total tug capacity is determined based on the local guidelines of port authorities or on the rule of thumb. However, the social demands for the enhancement of ship safety at harbor and the economical demands for the cost-effectiveness of tug usage makes it necessary for port authorities to develop more reasonable and detailed guidelines on tug usage which takes various conditions into account. In this paper, the method to estimate the optimum tug capacity of VLCC is suggested by considering various ship conditions such as its size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances including wind, wave, tidal currents, and geographical characteristics of a terminal. This method is applied to the VLCC terminal located in Gwang-Yang harbor of Korea and the results are compared with the local guidelines of the harbor, which shows that there may be a room for the amendment of local guidelines on tug usage.

이 논문은 陽村權近(1352-1409)의 『중용』해석에 대해 고찰한 글이다. 이 글에서 필자는 다음과 같은 결론에 도달하였다. 첫째，양촌은 중용의 성격에 대해 주자처럼 道統論의 관점에서 ‘聖學의 心法’우로 파악하지 않고， 鄭玄의 경우처럼 ‘孔子의 聖德’에 초점을 맞추어 파악하였다. 그리하여 그는 『중용』을 子思가 天 과 孔子로써 모범을 삼은 것으로 보았다. 둘째，양촌은 중용을 주자의 설처럼 도를 전한 책으로 보면서도 그 도를 어떻게 가르치고 배울 것인가 하는 敎· 學에 비중을 두어 해석하였다. 셋째， 양촌은 『중용』의 分節(단락나누기)에 있어 大탑는 三節로 나누어 보고 細分해서는 五節로 나누어 요지를 파악하는 새로운 설을 제 시하였는데， 이는 朱子의 四分節說이나 雙峯饒氏의 六分節說과 다른 독창 적인설이다. 넷째，양촌은 단락나누기를 통한 요지파악에 있어서 주자의 설을 근간으로 하되，쌍봉요씨와 番陽李氏(李靖翁)의 설 중에서 장점을 모두 취하여 자신의 새로운 견해를 제시하였다. 다섯째，양촌은 단락나누기를 정밀히 고찰하는 과정에서 단락을 바꾸는 서술체계에 주목하여， 새 단락의 첫머리에는 반드시 子思의 말로 시작한다는 새로운 주장을 하였다. 여섯째，양촌은 중용의 요지를 道와 德 으로 파악하여，제 1장부터 제 20장까지의 제 1 대절은 君子之德을 말한 것으로， 제 21 장부터 제 32장까지의 제2대절은 聖人之德을 말한 것으로， 제 33장 제3 대절은 결어로 파악하였다. 이는 주자가 제 1절은 中庸을 말한 것으로， 제2절은 費隱小大를 말한 것으로， 제3철은 天道人道를 말한 것으로 제4절은 결어로 파악한 것과 상당히 다른 시각이다.

The genetic variabilities of second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster concealed in O^n-yang natural population have been analyzed by the Cy//Pm method and an allelism test during two years (1993-1994). The mean frequencies of deleterious(lethal and semilethal) genes in O^n-yang natural population were estimated to be 23.97% in 1993 and 27.15% in 1994, respectively. The allelism rates between lethal genes in the population were 0.654%(1993) and 1.429%(1994). The mean values of elimination by frequencies of deleterious genes and allelism rates were 0.0004(1993) and 0.0010(1994), respectively. The frequencies of phenotypic sterility of males in 1994 were estimated to be 1.95%, and thoses of genotypic sterility of females and males were estimated to be 1.54% and 2.31%, respectively.