자포니카형 조생 찰벼의 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 증진을 위하여 내도복 다수성 조생 찰벼인 상주찰벼 배경에 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자 Xa2, Xa3, xa5, Xa21을 도입한 저항성 계통을 여교배와 벼흰잎마름병 생물검정을 통해 육성하였고, 해당 저항성 유전자를 표지하는 DNA 분자 마커를 이용하여 저항성 유전자 도입 여부를 확인하였으며 우리나라 벼흰잎마름병 균계 네 개와 필리핀 11개 균계를 대상으로 저항성 반응을 조사하였다. Xa2가 도입된 HR24465 계통은 우리나라 K1,K2 균계와 필리핀 race 9a에 저항성을 나타냈으며 Xa3가 도입된 HR24666 계통은 우리나라 K3a와 필리핀 race 6을 제외하고 저항성 및 중도 저항성을 나타냈다. xa5가 도입된 HR24668과 HR24673은 필리핀 race 6을 제외하고 모두 저항성 반응을 나타냈으며 Xa21이 도입된 HR24669는 우리나라 K1 균계와 필리핀 race 10을 제외하고 저항성 및 중도 저항성을 나타냈다. 육성된 계통들은 상주찰벼와 같이 조생이면서 찰벼였고 출수기와 수장, 수수, 정현비율 및 백미수량이 상주찰벼와 차이가 나지 않았다. 상주찰벼 배경에 Xa2, Xa3,xa5, Xa21이 도입된 저항성 계통은 벼흰잎마름병 저항성이 부족한 자포니카형 조생 찰벼의 저항성 강화를 위하여 유용한 육종소재로 활용될 것이다.

The last decade has witnessed tremendous progress in genome sequencing and explosion of genome sequence information. This remarkable advancement in genomics provides unprecedented opportunities for crop improvement. Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide. Pepper production is constantly challenged by various pathogens and developing cultivars harnessing multiple disease resistance genes are ever increasing. Molecular markers linked to disease resistance genes will expedite the gene pyramiding. Here, I introduce genome-assisted development of molecular markers linked to resistance genes, in pepper. Phytophthora capsici L. is one of the most destructive pathogens of pepper (Capsicum spp.). Resistance of Capsicum annuum against P. capsici is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL), including a major QTL on chromosome 5 that is the predominant contributor to resistance. Here, to maximize the effect of this QTL and study its underlying genes, an F2 population and recombinant inbred lines were inoculated with P. capsici strain JHAI1-7 zoospores at a low concentration (3 x 103 /mL). Resistance phenotype segregation ratios for the populations were close to 3:1 and 1:1 (resistant:susceptible), respectively, consistent with a single dominant gene model. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using Affymetrix GeneChips revealed a single position polymorphism (SPP) marker mapping to the major QTL. When this SPP marker (Phyto5SAR) together with other SNP markers located on chromosome 5 were used to confirm the position of the major QTL, Phyto5SAR showed the highest LOD value at the QTL. A scaffold sequence (scaffold194) containing Phyto5SAR was identified from the C. annuum genome database. The scaffold contained two putative NBS-LRR genes and one SAR 8.2A gene as candidates for contributing to Phytophthora resistance. Markers linked to these genes were developed and validated by testing 100 F1 commercial cultivars. Among the markers, Phyto5NBS1 showed about 90% accuracy in predicting resistance phenotypes to a low-virulence Phytophthora isolate. These results suggest that Phyto5NBS1 is a reliable marker for Phytophthora resistance and can be used for identification of a gene(s) underlying the major QTL on chromosome 5

MADS-box transcription factor (TF), primarily involved in the floral organ specification with other several aspects of plant growth and development. Whole genome survey of B. rapa revealed 167 MADS-box genes and categorized into MIKCc, MIKC*, Mα, Mβ and Mγ groups based on phylogeny, protein motif structure and exon-intron organizations. MIKCc group belongs 89 genes, which is the highest in number than in any other crops till date. The MIKCc group has further classified into 13 sub-families. In case of chromosomal localization, remarkably 57 MIKCc type MADS-box genes were found in the duplicated segments of B. rapa genome, whereas only 4 M-type genes have resulted from tandem duplications. Besides floral and vegetative tissue expression we also identified MADS-box genes with their male and female gametophyte specific expression in different stages of flower bud development. Furthermore, from a low temperature treated whole genome microarray data set 19 BrMADS genes were found to show variable transcript abundance in two contrasting double haploid lines of B. rapa. Subsequently, the responsive genes were investigated under three abiotic stresses where they showed differential and corresponsive expression patterns. An extensive annotation and transcriptome profiling undertaken in this study might be useful for understanding the involvement of MADS-box genes in stress resistance besides their growth and developmental functions, which ultimately will provide the basis for functional characterization and exploitation of the candidate genes in the genetic engineering study of B. rapa

For developing molecular markers linked to white rust resistance in chrysanthemum, RAPD and AFLP were carried out in ‘Puma White’ x ‘Dancer’ mapping population through Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) methods. 10 resistant and 10 susceptible individuals were selected and bulked. And then, these bulks were screened using 280 RAPD primers (10 mer) with two parents. As a result of BSA-RAPD, 25 Dancer/R-bulk specific bands in 21 primers and 22 Puma White/S-bulk specific bands in 18 primers were selected. These resistant or susceptible specific bands were screened in 10 resistant and 10 susceptible individuals. Except OPI-13520, all bands were confirmed as false positive. OPI-13520 band presumed as closely linked marker to white rust disease resistance was tested in whole population. Among 187 progenies, just six off-springs did not correspond with phenotypic data. Based on expected phenotypic segregation ratios in the pseudo F1 progenies, it was assumed that a duplex type of white rust resistance in ‘Dancer’ (RRrrrr) were in combination with a duplex type of OPI-13520 marker. As a result of x2-test of independence between resistance gene and OPI-13520 marker, x2 score is 76.08 and probability is 2.13x10-16. And resistance gene and OPI-13520 marker were assumed to be linked in coupling phase. The value of recombination fraction obtained by successive trials and second derivative of log likelihood was 0.03832±0.0271.

‘MS-CDE’와 ‘VFR’의 고정된 계통을 교배하여 특성 및 수량이 우수한 F1 품종인 ‘TY알토랑’을 육성하였다. ‘TY알토랑’의 주요특성은 TMV, TYLCV, 근부위조병, 잎곰팡이병에 내병성이며, 2~3월, 7~9월에 정식하는 품종으로 숙기는 중조생종으로 평균과중 225 g 내외의 고구형의 완숙 대과종토마토이다. 경도가 강하여 저장성이 우수하고 과형이 정연하며, 착과가 안정되어 수량성이 높다. 또한 초세가 강하면서 이상줄기 발생이 적어 재배가 안정적인 품종이다.

This study is the development to standard for evaluation performance of the waterproofing and root resistance combined membrane layer on the green roof system, and it is especially to evaluate to chemical resistance of it

This experiment was conducted to develop new black sesame variety with multi-disease resistance and high yield potential. A new sesame variety ‘Daheuk’ was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2009. Cross was made by ‘Whahuck’ with high disease resistance and F1 line of ‘Yoosung’ and ‘Keunhuck’ with high yields capacity & disease resistance, followed by pedigree selection, yield test and RYT by the sesame breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science and Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute up to 2009. The variety showed higher disease resistance and yield potential rather than that of check variety ‘Yangheuk’. Average stem length and the number of capsules per plant were 117cm, 75 respectively. It’s 1000 grains weight was about 2.80g indicating 0.20g higher than that of ‘Yangheuk’, and it’s protein content was about 25.7% which is higher than that of check variety. ‘Daheuk’ also contained total 3.0mg/g of lignan compounds which is lower than that of ‘Yangheuk’. The average yield of ‘Daheuk’ was 97kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

본 연구에서는 관행의 교배육종과 DNA 마커를 이용한 MAS의 접목을 통하여 벼멸구 저항성과 관련된 단점을 보완하고, 효율적으로 도열병, 줄무늬잎마름병, 흰잎마름병, 벼멸구, 끝동매미충 저항성이 집적된 복합내병충성 우량계통을 육성하고자 수행하였다. 교배모본으로는 완전미율이 높고, 끝동매미충에 저항성인 '남평'과 단간이면서 흰잎마름병에 저항성인 '주남'을 반복친으로 사용하였고, 벼멸구저항성 유전자 Bph1을 가지고 있지만 간장이 크고 재배안전성이 미흡한

본 연구는 최근 콩 재배에서 심각한 병으로 대두된 콩 불마름병에 대한 저항성 유전자인 rxp 근접분자표지를 개발하고자 수행하였다. 콩 불마름병은 국내에서 전국적으로 발생하는 심각한 세균병으로 이에 관련하여 세균병 접종을 이용한 저항성 품종과 감수성 품종에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있지만 정확한 유전자의 염기서열이 밝혀져 있지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 콩 불마름병에 저항성 품종 8개체와 감수성 품종 8개체를 이용하여 rxp 유전자 근접분자표지를 확인하기

Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm season grass and indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of coastal areas worldwide. The species is used as feed for cattle and horses and has been very successful for golf courses worldwide. One of the most outstanding characteristics of seashore paspalum is its tolerance to saline soils compared to other warm season turfgrasses. The development of new seashore paspalum cultivars with improved traits could be facilitated through the application of biotechnological strategies. The purpose of this study was to product for herbicide resistant seashore paspalum using Arobacterium-mediated transformation and this study is the first report on transformation and herbicideresistant transgenic plants in seashore paspalum. Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeded variety of pseashore paspalum. Embryogenic calli were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying the binary vector pCAMBIA3301 with two genes encoding gusA and bar. Transformed calli and plants were selected on medium containing 3 mg/l PPT. PCR detected the presence of the gusA and bar gene, indicating both genes are integrated into the genome of seashore paspalum. A chlorophenol red assay was used to confirm that the bar gene was expressed. By application of herbicide BASTA, the herbicide resistance in the transgenic seashore paspalum plants was confirmed.

Three-year-old seedlings of susceptible Pinus densiflora and resistant Pinus x rigitaeda were each inoculated with the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to compare disease development. Needle dehydration was evident on seedlings of P. densiflora by 20 days after inoculation, 10 days earlier than this symptom was observed on P. × rigitaeda. Xylem drying was more frequent in seedlings of P. densiflora than in that of P. × rigitaeda between 20 and 60 days after inoculation. No significant differences were found between P. densiflora and P. × rigitaeda for stem water content or for stem and leaf relative water content in current-year branches after nematode inoculation, but the average number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems differed significantly between the two groups. The number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems was negatively correlated with the stem water content and with stem and leaf relative water content. By the time the experiment was terminated at 60 days after inoculation, all 3 of the last group of P. densiflora seedlings had died, but 2 of the 3 remaining P. × rigitaeda hybrid seedlings were still alive. Additional studies are needed to further explore the specific mechanisms preventing nematode multiplication in the seedlings of resistant P. × rigitaeda.

Flow resistance in a natural stream is caused by complex factors, such as the grains on the bed, vegetation, and bed-form, reach profile. Flow resistance in a generally stable gravel bed stream is due to protrudent grains from bed. Therefore, the flow resistance can be calculated by equivalent roughness in gravel bed stream, but estimation of equivalent roughness is difficult because nonuniform size and irregular arrangement of distributed grain on natural stream bed. In previous study, equivalent roughness is empirically estimated using characteristic grain size. However, application of empirical equation have uncertainty in stream that stream bed characteristic differs. In this study, we developed a model using an analytical method considering grain diameter distribution characteristics of grains on the bed and also taking into account flow resistance acting on each grain. Also, the model consider the protrusion height of grain.

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major insect pest of tropical indica and temperate japonica rice in Asia and Africa. A major BPH resistance gene, Bph18 derived from IR65482-7-216-1-2 has been fine mapped on chromosome 12 and confers strong resistance to the Korean biotype of BPH. The Bph18 gene is tightly linked to the STS marker, 7312.T4A and is non-allelic to previously reported resistance genes present on chromosome 12. The Bph18 gene has been transferred into two elite japonica cultivars (Jinbubyeo and Junambyeo) background through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MAB) strategy. Foreground selection using STS markrs linked to the Bph18 gene in advanced backcross progenies confirmed homozygous marker alleles associated with BPH resistance. Background selection of the breeding lines with 260 simple repeat (SSR) markers revealed rapid conversion toward recurrent parent genotypes with less donor chromosomal segments (5.3-16.7%). Major agronomic traits of the progenies were analyzed and some breeding lines have agronomic traits comparable to the recurrent parent. One breeding line (S.523) with multiple-resistance to BPH and major diseases, desirable agronomic traits and grain quality has been recommended for regional testing in Korea. MAB is the suitable strategy to incorporate new genes into susceptible japonica to develop elite breeding lines.