This study was performed to analyze health problems in older adults in a comprehensive manner, including usual livinghabits, nutritional status, and society psychological factors. Research was conducted by a structured questionnaire byinterviews with a test group of 316 people over the age of 65 from April 2012 to August 2012. Elderly people’s dietary intakewas assessed using NSI (Nutrition Screening Initiative) by the 24-hour retrospective method, and elderly people’s feeling ofhelplessness and sense of belonging were assessed using the measuring device. Material analysis, descriptive statistics, andregression analysis were performed using SPSS. Elderly people with increased age showed higher chances of being in thehigh-risk and undernourished group. Elderly with high NSI showed low intake of fat, protein, fibrin, vitamin C, E, B1, B2,Niacin, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu than those with low NSI. Findings from this comparative analysis indicate that elderly with betternutritional status showed a lower feeling of helplessness than those with poor nutritional status. Overall, elderly peopleconsumed a b road variety of foods, and social emotional stability of elderly people increased at optimal dietary levels.

본 연구는 평생교육 참여자의 만족도가 지역공동체의식에 영향을 미치며, 이를 통하여 삶의 질과 사회통합에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실증적으로 검증한 연구이다. 연구대상과 분석자료는 2013년 대학 중심의 평생학습 활성화 지원사업 성과보고서를 통한 서울시내 평생교육을 실시하고 있는 6개 대학교 평생교육 참여자 354명을 대상으로 편의표집방법으로 추출하였다. 자료분석 방법으로는 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 측정도구는 독립변수로 평생교육 참여자의 만족도, 매개변수로 지역공동체의식, 종속변수로 삶의 질과 사회통합으로 구성하여 변수들 간의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 기술통계, 상관관계, 회귀분석, 구조방정식 모형을 사용하여 측정하였다. 연구결과 평생교육 만족도가 지역공동체의식을 통한 사회통합에 미치는 영향이 나타났다(직접효과(.346)으로 유의하였고, 간접효과(.103)와 총효과(.449) 유의함). 또한 평생교육 만족도와 삶의 질에 미치는 영향은 직접효과가 나타났다(직접효과(.074), 총효과(.080)가 유의함). 이와 같은 연구결과를 토대로 평생교육과 지역복지와의 관계에 실천적 함의를 제시하였다.

This research has analyzed the functional effect on creativity and community sense of children by playing games. The games have positive effects on various fields with social and cultural category. Categorized by discipline effect, learning effect, family effect, remedy effect, prevention and diagnosis effect, the functionality of playing games each has a positive role to improve creativity, imagination, independence, openness and adventure of children and to inspire consciousness of membership and interaction, parts of community sense of children. The research about functionality of the games will contribute to develop new programs not only for children but also for other various subjects and provide a chance to study a positivity of using games.

이 연구는 다문화교육 학습 프로그램을 개발하여 글로벌사회에 필요한 민주시민의식 함양을 위한 것으로 연구자의 담임학급 중학교 2학년 1반 37명을 대상으로 연구 되었다. 학습주제에 따라 차시별 연간 학습지도안을 구성하여 다문화교육 학습프로그램을 개발 적용한 결과, 다른 나라의 가치관과 생활 방식을 이해하고 수용하는 마음과 국제 사회와 외국인에 대해 합리적인 태도를 가졌으며 지구촌의 문제 해결을 위해 노력하고 있는 단체에 대한 관심도 가지게 되었다. 연구 결과 다문화교육 프로그램의 지속적인 운영으로 평등한 입장에서 다른 나라 문화를 존중할 줄 알고 수용하는 자세를 갖는 민주시민의식 함양에 효과적인 결과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

최근 들어 청각 장애인들에게 정상인들이 소리로부터의 느끼는 청감과 유사한 느낌을 전달하기 위한 방안으로써 시각은 물론 진동감과 같은 촉감을 활용하는 연구가 시도되고 있다. 특히 시각 정보의 보조 감각으로써 스피커나 진동 모터를 이용한 촉감이 제공되는 경우 생동감은 상당히 개선되는 측면이 있으나 정서감 측면에서는 그 효과가 거의 없는 것으로 보고되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유사 청감을 재현할 수 있는 또 하나의 보조 감각으로서 열감을 설정하고 열감이 유사 청감 재현 효과를 가질 수 있는가에 관하여 조사하였다. 이를 위해 열감을 효과적으로 재현할 수 있는 열감 재현 모듈을 구현하였다. 그리고 실험 대상자들에게 시각 정보와 더불어 청각 정보, 진동 촉감, 그리고 열감을 혼합한 다양한 형태의 자극을 제공한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에서 얻어진 데이터 통계 분석을 통하여 i) 영상과 함께 열감 자극을 제공하거나 또는 ii) 영상과 함께 열감 자극과 진동 자극을 동시에 제공하는 경우가 영상만을 제공하는 경우보다 실험 대상자들이 영상과 소리로부터 느끼는 실제 열감에 더 가까운 유사 열감을 느낄 수 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 실험 대상자의 피부에 제공되는 열감이 유사 청감 재현 보조 매체로서의 활용 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of repeated passive movement (RPM) of different velocities on the improvement of knee joint position sense (JPS) in post-stroke patients with hemiplegia, thereby investigate the possibility of clinical application in the initial stage of rehabilitation for patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Thirteen hemiplegic patients participated in this study. For the subjects' knee JPS tests, a passive angle reproduction test and an active angle reproduction test were performed prior to and after the intervention, which involved 30 repetitions of passive full-range-of-motion flexion and extension exercise of the knee joints at randomized degrees of , , and . Paired t-test analysis was done in order to compare changes in the pre- and post-intervention knee JPS. One-way repeated analysis of variance was used in order to compare changes in JPS after intervention at three different movement velocities. The level of significance was set at .05. The result was that the subjects' post-intervention knee JPS significantly improved after the RPM exercise at a and a relative to the RPM exercise (p<.05). JPS changes with RPM intervention at the rapid velocity of were most increased, suggesting the most effective enhancement in knee JPS is with intervention at the velocity (p<.05). Therefore, RPM intervention at a half or higher velocity improved stroke patients' knee JPS. During the initial stage of rehabilitation for patients with post-stroke hemiplegia, the efficient application of the RPM exercise at a half or higher velocity will be possible.

As becoming a classicist David had strong faith that art must be useful to his contemporaries. The progressive philosophes were enthusiastic about the classical antiquity by reflecting ancient spirit in their society, and David who was close to them inherited and developed classicism both in style and content actively. David's idea that art ought to contribute to the progress of the human spirit gave rise to resistance against the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. The Royal Academy was the despotic power system which suppressed the freedom of artists to satisfy autocrats. David's hostility to the Royal Academy promoted his progressive inclination to the more radical one, and led him to tie up with revolutionists. The revolutionists wanted to form a new society and David desired eagerly to establish ideal surroundings as an artist. That is, David's interests were in accord with theirs. Finally, the Royal Academy was broke up by David's effort. In doing so, he reformed and dominated the art of his own day and became a revolutionary artist. David sympathized with revolutionary generation in a religious viewpoint. David planned the Fête of the Supreme Being. The Supreme Being was a kind of god created by the revolutionary government. For the person who looked forward to establishing a new state, the traditional Catholic was the typical power system which suppressed the people by preaching them to obey. David and the leaders of the French Revolution, however, did not deny god and religion itself. The revolutionary government took the position that a religion was necessary to unite the people and to secure social stability. David joined the Theophilanthrophy. It was an all-embracing religion for the people which proclaimed the existence of god and the immortality of the soul and preached tolerance and the importance of one's duty to one's fellow man. It could make sure that David's political activities and his view of art were inseparably related to each other. By accepting classicism David realized the social importance of art and got a progressive idea at the same time. As he got more radical thought, his concern moved away from canvas. Needless to say, David's inclination to politics and desire for power can not be eliminated in referring to his social participation. The substantial aspect of his sense of social participation, however, was his desire to develop artistic capacity in a society given a guarantee of the individual freedom.

Bruce Nauman committed himself to installation art works for 4 to 5 years around 1970 by making a corridor along the walls with some added devices like CCTV, lightings and mirrors including "Live-Taped Video Corridor." Nauman was able to control viewers' movement at his will by creating narrow corridors along the walls in these installation works. In these works, the walls, cameras and closed circuits in TV monitors control the viewing mode by changing the space and influencing viewers' perception of the space. In this system, Nauman discovered a possibility to create a new representation of space, that is, the attribute of 'surveillance' and to manipulate time and space. Nauman's installed corridors offer 'virtual reality' and enable the viewers to directly experience new possibilities of art, creating new mode of reception. Nauman's corridors are a little different from general surveillance situations as they interrupt and deconstruct visual compositions and images to some degree to make us see things 'differently.' Exposure to unexpected strange situations stimulates anxiety, creates the sense of lacking and imperfection between the subject and the object in the corridors, and deprives the rights as a subject of the subject of seeing.One of the important recurrent themes in his installation works is to make the viewers focus on their own senses so that they can feel their own perception processes. Creating disparities between what the viewers perceive in the corridors and the reality is the way to reveal the perception processes in the corridor installation works.A series of Nauman's Corridor installation works rendered an opportunity to establish him as an artist through performances and performing arts in videotapes, and are considered a critical art work in its pursuit of the meaning of art in the midst of confusion in the world of art at that time. While his works before 1970 could not distinguish themselves from other artists' works, the space of 'corridor' became a footing for him to etablish himself as an artist.

The article portrays one way in which academic voices and social identity can develop and constitute each other through the affordances of computer-mediated communication in the classroom. In this article, I present a case study in which voice is treated as an analytic means for understanding the complexities undergone by an L2 graduate student as she was transitioning into an L2 academic community. I highlight how voice as ideological point of view is developed through dialogic interactions with others, and such development can be traced through the discursive constructs such as intertextual relations and epistemic/affective stance. This study has important educational implications in relation to the academic writing/reading of L2 students with differing needs and the provision of opportunities for access to the curriculum.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of closed and open kinetic chain exercise for increasing knee joint function on the knee position sense in the normal adults. Thirty normal adults(male 15, female 15; mean age: 22.13±2.58 years) were participated in this study into two groups, each with 15 people. The group I was trained that closed kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint and the group II was trained that open kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint. Exercise programs performed for 4 weeks, 3 times a week were using Shuttle 2000-1 closed kinetic chain exercise and Knee Extensor open kinetic chain exercise(HUR, Filand). The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 0-20。were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 2) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 21-40。were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 3) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 41-60。were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 4) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 0- 20。were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 5) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 21-40。were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 6) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 41- 60。were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that closed and open kinetic chain exercise has increased in the knee joint proprioception between before and after training. Especially, closed kinetic chain exercise could be more useful intervention than open kinetic chain exercise for increasing proprioceptive sense.

이름은 사회를 공동체로 만드는 기능이 있다. 지명을 붙이는 방법에는 ‘문화적 유산’, ‘언어적 이름 붙이기’, ‘자연적 ․ 지각적으로 이름 붙이기’, ‘어원적 이름 붙이기’ 등4가지가 있다.이 이름들은 자연적 위험, 정치적 ․사회적 움직임이 나타나면 변할 수 있는데,이름은 이러한 지역의 정보를 담고 있다. 즉, 지명의 변화는 통시적, 공시적으로 변화한다는 것이다. 이것들을 바탕으로 상호적으로 이해 가능한 새 유형을 만들기 위한 행정, 정치와 상관된 문화 ․역사적 결과를 연결시켜 바라볼 수 있다.

  Future war needs a lot of changes for military organization. Specially, concept of the “Speed” is raised importantly after Iraq war of U.S. Armed Forces. So, He is a lot of studying supply chain for logistical support speed improvement. Korea Marine Cor

The purpose of this study was to compare the joint position sense at the knee joint at 3 different surface conditions by using the active knee joint angle reproduction test in the standing position. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) age 20~29 years were recruited for this study. The knee joint position senses were assessed at three different surface conditions: on the floor (stable condition), TOGU (soft condition), and seat fit (unstable condition) in a closed kinetic chain. Testing orders were selected randomly. The absolute angle error was defined as the absolute difference between target angles (30°～45° knee flexion) and subject perceived angle of the knee flexion. One way ANOVA was used to compare the absolute angle of error among 3 different conditions. The Independent t-test was used to compare the absolute angle of error between male and female. The error angles were significantly different among surface conditions (1.3°±1.2° for the floor, 2.1°±0.9° for the TOGU, and 4.4°±1.8° for the seat fit, p<.05). There was no significant difference in error angle between male and female. In conclusion, the joint position sense of the knee joint in the closed kinetic chain decreased at unstable surface conditions. The result of this study indicates that surface conditions should be considered when assessing and training the joint position sense of the knee joint in clinical setting.