The drinking water supply system applicable to the laying hen consists of air-water heat pumps, drinking water tanks, heat stroage tank, circulation pumps, PE pipes, nipples, and control panels. When the heat pump system has power of 7.7 to 8.7 kW per hour, the performance coefficient is between 3.1 and 3.5. The supply temperature from the heat pump to the heat stroage tank was stabilized at about 12±1°C, but the return temperature showed a variation of from 8 to 14°C. Stratified temperature in the storage tank appeared at 12.°C, 13.5°C and 14.4°C, respectively. The drinking water supply temperature remained set at 15°C and 25°C, and the conventional tap water showed a variation for 23°C to 30°C. As chickens grow older, the amount of food intake and drinking water increased. y = -0.0563x2 + 4.7383x + 8.743, R2 = 0.98 and the feed intake showed y = -0.1013x2 + 8.5611x. In the future, further studies will need to figure out the cooling effect on heat stress of livestock.

In this study, clinching characteristics of aluminum and galvanized steels were investigated for the application of clinching as a joining technique to aluminum wheelhouse assembly. A6451 aluminium alloy and galvanized steel sheets were joined by hybrid joining(clinching + adhesive bonding). Tensile-shear load and fracture mode of hybrid joints were investigated. Maximum tensile-shear load of hybrid joints was about six times higher than that of clinched joints without adhesive. Energy absorption values of hybrid joints were higher than those of clinched joints without adhesive as well as resistance spot welded steel joints. Developed aluminum wheelhouse assembly showed higher static stiffness than the existing steel parts. Aluminum wheelhouse inner panel unit was 44% lighter than the steel unit, and the final assembled aluminum wheelhouse was 14.6% lighter than the existing steel parts.

The purpose of this study was to develop a technology commercialization strategy by analyzing the consumer preference for low-sodium instant noodle ramen, which has a sodium content of 1,730 mg or less. For the commercialization of such low-sodium ramen, this study examined how much consumers would pay through an analysis of consumer preference by conjoint analysis. This study surveyed 1,004 men and women in their 20 s and 50 s between the ages of 20 and 50 years in Korea using an online survey. If the price of conventional instant noodle ramen is KRW 4,000 (approximately USD 3.57) per 5 packs for one pack of 5 servings in a supermarket, this study surveyed how much more they respondents would pay if the sodium was reduced by 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0%. The study found that if sodium was reduced by 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0%, the respondents would pay as much as KRW 4,180, KRW 4,307, and KRW 4,515, respectively. The attributes of low-sodium instant noodle ramen were examined according to the degree of sodium reduction, vegetable protein ingredients, brand, where to buy and price with each level. The Marginal Willingness To Pay (MWTP) was analyzed as follows. If the sodium content of ramen soup is reduced by 1.0%, the amount that can be paid would be KRW 105.78. Respondents could pay KRW 1,673 more for famous brand ramen than an unknown brand ramen. The study results indicated that when a new product is developed and released, it can be expected to increase sales of the new product by understanding the foreseeable value that consumers could pay for and realize the technological commercialization of the technology.

Layered-double hydroxide (LDH)-based nanostructures offer the two-fold advantage of being active catalysts with incredibly large specific surface areas. As such, they have been studied extensively over the last decade and applied in roles as diverse as light source, catalyst, energy storage mechanism, absorber, and anion exchanger. They exhibit a unique lamellar structure consisting of a wide variety of combinations of metal cations and various anions, which determine their physical and chemical performances, and make them a popular research topic. Many reviewed papers deal with these unique properties, synthetic methods, and applications. Most of them, however, are focused on the form-factor of nanopowder, as well as on the control of morphologies via one-step synthetic methods. LDH nanostructures need to be easy to control and fabricate on rigid substrates such as metals, semiconductors, oxides, and insulators, to facilitate more viable applications of these nanostructures to various solid-state devices. In this review, we explore ways to grow and control the various LDH nanostructures on rigid substrates.

오래된 구조물의 내부 결함은 그 구조물의 안전에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 안전에 문제가 생기기 전에 미리 검사를 진행하고 발견하는 것이 중요하다. 가장 쉽고 효율적인 방법은 육안으로 구조물을 진단하는 것이나, 프리스트레스트 콘크리트(PSC) 교량과 같은 구조물에서 부식이나 공극 같은 결함들은 피복으로 감싸져 있어 육안으로는 확인이 불가하다. 따라서 내부 결함도 진단할 수 있는 비파괴검사방법을 이용하여 진단해야 한다. 본 연구에서 사용되는 기술은 전력용 케이블을 진단할 때 주로 사용되는 시간 영역의 반사파 계측법과 시간-주파수 영역의 반사파를 적용하여 종단지점에 부착된 측정기계에서 인가한 신호가 이동하는 중 전기적 임피던스 변화에 의해 발생하는 반사파를 분석하는 기술로 측정시간 단축, 검사의 간편성과 같은 측면에서 훨씬 큰 효율성을 가진다. 하지만 토목 구조물은 전력용 케이블과 달리 내부 구조가 복잡하여, 실제 진단을 진행하는데 어려움이 있기에 본 연구에서는 실제 실험과 COMSOL을 이용한 시뮬레이션의 결과를 확인 및 비교하여 시뮬레이션의 정확도와 적용가능성을 확인하였고, 반사파 계측법이 복잡한 구조물을 대상으로도 사용 가능한지 그 가능성 또한 보았다. 또한 더 나아가, 시뮬레이션을 통해 프리스트레스트 콘크리트(PSC) 교량의 덕트 내부에 공극 및 부식과 같은 결함이 생겼을 때, 그 결함들이 반사파에 미치는 영향을 보았다.

꽃매미벼룩좀벌(Anastatus orientalis)을 실내에서 대량사육 할 수 있는 대체기주를 선발하기 위하여 꽃매미와 썩덩나무노린재(Halyomopha halys), 톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus pedestris), 매미나방(Lymantria dispar), 참나무산누에나방(Antheraea yamamai), 귀뚜라미(Verlarifictorus spp.), 집파리(Musca domestica), 산누에나방(Antheraea pernyi) 총 8 종의 알 또는 번데기를 이용하여 검토하였다. 그 결과 꽃매미 알과 산누에나방의 미성숙 알에서는 꽃매미벼룩좀벌의 산란과 우화가 확인되었으나 그 밖에 종의 알과 번데기에서는 산란을 확인할 수 없었다. 대체기주로 선발된 산누에나방은 참나무 잎으로 사육하였으며, 7월과10월 상순에 번데기를 수확하여 우화 후 4~5일경에 복부가 불룩한 산란 직전의 암컷 성충만을 선발하여 1~5℃ 냉장고에 보관하였으며, 저온에 보관했던 암컷의 복부를 절개하여, 암컷 한 마리당 150~200개의 알을 얻었다. 꽃매미 알과 산누에나방의 미성숙 알에서 꽃매미벼룩좀벌의 발육기간은 각각 평균 36.8일과 36.1일이었으며, 24시간동안 암컷 한 마리가 산란한 알의 수는 각각 평균 4.2개와 3.4개로 통계적으로는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 한편, 꽃매미벼룩좀벌 암컷 성충의 수명은 벌꿀을 먹이로 제공 하였을 때, 평균 64.3일까지 생존하는 것으로 확인되었다. 산누에나방의 미성숙 알을 대량으로 확보하고 벌꿀을 먹이로 제공하면 꽃매미벼룩좀벌을 실내에서 대량사육 하는 것이 가능하고 야외방사를 통해 꽃매미의 생물적 방제에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 이탈리안 라이그라스 재배현장에서 재배환경과 재배기술의 차이에 따른 조사료 생산성의 변화 요인을 분석 하기 위하여 2016부터 2017년까지 수행되었다. 우리나라 중부 및 남부지역에서 27개 이탈리안 라이그라스 재배지의 평균 건물수량은 6,940kg/ha이였다. 이탈리안 라이그라스 재배현장의 생산성은 재배환경보다 재배기술과 높은 상관(p<0.01)이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 재배기술 중에서 파종기술 및 포장관리기술과 생산성 간에는 고도의 상관이 있었으나, 시비기술과 생산성 간에는 상관이 없었다. 이상의 결과는 이탈리안 라이그라스의 생산성 향상에는 재배환경보다 재배기술의 현장실천이 더 중요함을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 우리나라 지역별 이탈리안 라이그라스의 생산성 예측기술의 정밀도를 높이기 위해서는 그 지역의 기상 및 토양환경은 물론 재배기술의 적용을 충분히 고려하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

A connected control method for the adjacent buildings has been studied to reduce dynamic responses. In these studies, seismic loads were generally used as an excitation. Recently, multi-hazards loads including earthquake and strong wind loads are employed to investigate control performance of various control systems. Accordingly, strong wind load as well as earthquake load was adopted to evaluate control performance of adaptive smart coupling control system against multi-hazard. To this end, an artificial seismic load in the region of strong seismicity and an artificial wind load in the region of strong winds were generated for control performance evaluation of the coupling control system. Artificial seismic and wind excitations were made by SIMQKE and Kaimal spectrum based on ASCE 7-10. As example buildings, two 20-story and 12-story adjacent buildings were used. An MR (magnetorheological) damper was used as an adaptive smart control device to connect adjacent two buildings. In oder to present nonlinear dynamic behavior of MR damper, Bouc-Wen model was employed in this study. After parametric studies on MR damper capacity, optimal command voltages for MR damper on each seismic and wind loads were investigated. Based on numerical analyses, it was shown that the adaptive smart coupling control system proposed in this study can provide very good control performance for Multi-hazards.

The purpose of this research was to test the effects of entrepreneurship and technological innovation capability on new product performance in SMEs and the moderating role of absorption capability. For this study, Research data were collected through questionnaire instruments from the sample of 374 employees in 18 SMEs of metropolitan area. The 336 sample was selected and analyzed by hierarchical regression technique. The results showed that entrepreneurship and technological innovation capability had a positive effect on new product performance. And also found out absorption capability had the moderate roles between all the three factors of technological innovation capability factors and new product performance, but not between all the three factors of entrepreneurship and new product performance. With the research results, the implications for technical management of SMEs were discussed, and the directions for future research were suggested.