This study examines empirically the characteristics of agricultural corporations in terms of their market and technology environment and the efficiency of the governmental support to the firms. Also the study analyzes the moderating effect of the environmental characteristics on the relationship between governmental supports and firm performance based on the concept of balanced performance. Test results show that firm tend to evaluate favorably their technology and market competitiveness of product quality and price and to require tools for reaction to changes of customer needs and technology or competing products and external corporation that is necessary for long-term technological competitiveness. As for governmental support, strategic support and service is much more appreciated than direct individual supporting item. Agricultural corporations with unfavorable market environment evaluate relatively high on their balanced performance. Correlations of balanced performance factors and technology environmental factors show all positive statistical significance. The moderating effect of the environmental characteristics on the relationship between governmental support and balanced performance can be interpreted that the support is provided without considering environmental aspect and based only on financial performance and as a result not to be satisfied by agricultural corporations with technological competitiveness.

It is hypothesized that changing from conventional to organic production is an investment because specific capital items are necessary for such a step. It is further hypothesized that in view of the limited experience and the very restricted availability of extension materials such investment is particularly prone to risk. The conversion to organic farming has proven to be an economically interesting alternative for a large portion of the converted farms in the past. This contribution will consider the question of which factors influence the success of organic farming. A discussion of the most important consequences for politics and agricultural practice conclude this paper, drawn on the important factors identified in the study.

The works of the special economic zone for regional development(SEZone) have been promoted for developing the regional economy corresponding with its own peculiarities by not national, but local level of government. Namely, those set the goal at specialized development of regions through an appeasement policy against regulations. So local governments must originate the local works, get financial sources by itself, and then revitalize the regional economy. The policies of many local governments aim at increasing farmers’ income by developing rural society to cope with open economy system. By the way they have tried to revitalize agriculture and rural society by promoting actively the works of SEZone through an appeasement policy against regulations. And it is important to search for specialized factors based on regional resources, and to make connected with them together so as to obtain good results in the works of SEZone. This study examined regulations related to environmentally friendly agriculture and green tourism. And it researched about the effect of SEZone works on regional economy and develops indices of result estimation. So schemes for strategies for increasing demand and development issues were presented.

The paper describes condition success for the development and policy environment of organic farming in Korea. policy measures concerning area-based financial support for conversion to and continuation of organic farming, officially-recognized standards and support for market and regional development, advice and research are considered. This indicates that individual measures can also work against each other. In some region, good experiences habe been made with integrated action plan, an approach that is also being discussed at the national level and which could achieve a good basis for the development of Bio-farming in future.

본 연구에서는 전국 59개 지점의 3개월 SPI 자료를 가지고 EOF를 유도하고 아울러 그 공간적 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 EOF 해석에 의해 나타난 Coefficient Time Series를 다변량 시계열 모형에 적용하여 SPI 시계열을 자료기간 10,000년으로 확장하였고 전국적인 가뭄심도를 판단하기 위해 전국 평균 지수를 이용하여 재현기간별 최대심도를 결정하였다. 마지막으로 각 대권역의 댐 유효저수량과 농경지 면적을 이용하여 농업가뭄 대비능력을

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of some organic materials such as rice straw, compost, hairy vetch, phosphate rock, magnesium lime powder and ash in the organic paddy fields, and also to develope the new technique for better soil management using described materials. The results are as follows; Height and tiller of rice plants were higher in chemical fertilizer than rice straw or compost, however, those of rice plants in hairy vetch-rice cropping system reached to chemical fertilizer. The Eh value of soil has decreased consecutively since on 30th, May because of the rising of soil temperature by an increase in the activity of microbes. As a result of measuring yield and yield components, there is not significant difference between treatment. The application of organic materials enriched the contents of available phosphorus, exchangible potassium and calcium in soil, and, also improved the physical properties such as pore space rates and bulk density. From the viewpoint of soil management technology in organic paddy fields, the application of rice straw or organic compost might cause the decrease of yield compared with conventional cultivation system, chemical fertilizer, however, the application of hairy vetch residues of soil compensated for growth and yield as well as improved the physicochemical property. Therefore, it is assumed that the cultivation of hairy vetch for winter season can be one of the useful methods for organic farming system.

Governance systems are basically an autonomous cooperation type among the government, civil society and market, also a new paradigm for efficient and democratic administration of policies. The governance mainly consists of the central operating body, institutions, operating principles and so on. The constituents are the nation(government), civil society(NGO) and market(firm). Institutional conditions are a legitimate base, financial stability and independency. And as a operating principle, governance systems have common goals and issues from a national and social point of view. This governance has been recently emerged due to financial risk of government, diffusion of new liberalism going with the globalization, localization-decentralization, and development of civil society and information-oriented society. We have to grope for the framework of participatory agripolicy confronting globalization and localization as well as developing our agriculture and rural village. This agri-policy governance should be theoretically focused on policy network or self-organizing network or multi-lateral governance (MLG) based on NPM. Also, it is proper to have connection of nation-central type and civil society-central type. And it is necessary to have a MLG type with local governance corresponding to localization and decentralization. Governance should have the type whose participants have authority and responsibility as well. Basic directions of environmentally friendly agri-policy governance are as follows : first, its purposes are constructing the democratic and efficient framework of participatory environmentally friendly agri-policy based on consensus of all the related groups, embodying environmentally friendly agri-policy adjusted to local field, raising farmer’s real interest, and improving their position. Second, its form should have a council or an agreement system, not an advisory or a consultation organ. Thus, public sector(eg. government) and voluntary sector(eg. farmers’ organization) jointly execute agricultural policy and are responsible together. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance is mainly made up of farmers’ organization, cooperative and civil society(NGO). And secondary bodies are agribusinesses and academic groups. Government interacts with the main bodies on administrative execution. And environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has MLG type with a central unit, province and county units. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has several main functions such as agri-policy partnership, speaking for farmer’s rights and interests, investigation and research on domestic and foreign agricultural streams, and etc. Especially, local unit will play roles in activation for regional agriculture, consulting on technique and management, education and training services, services entrusted by government, and so on.

Environment-friendly(EF) agricultural policy developed to support high-quality farm products, such as organic farm products, doing so for the sake of strengthening the competitive power of Korean agriculture after the agreement of UR. The details of the policy are as follows : enforcing certification of organic farm products, establishing of the Law of Fostering the EF agriculture, carrying out the order of direct-payment, setting up the Five Year Plan for EF agriculture, etc. This study focuses on the background of social economy, the standpoint of EF farming in agricultural policy, and the analysis of the characteristics in EF agriculture. Three aspects in the background of the policy are as follows : the social movement, the social economy, and the social system. The standpoint and characteristics of the policy are studied by the analysis of the target and means of the policy which is based on the policy documents.

The trend towards forming economic blocs coupled with global economic arrangements such as DDA and FTA increase pressure on the liberalization of the agricultural sector. South Korea is taking part in the DDA negotiations. Once the DDA negotiations are implemented, the extent of liberation of the agricultural market is expected to be wider and timing of market opening is sooner than those effects of the UR agricultural agreement. A reduction in tariff rates and the government subsidy will follow, accordingly. However, many analysts in the agricultural sector express deep concern over a negative development in local agricultural market as demonstrated in China where the local market was dominated by imported agricultural products. This study aimed to investigate progress that China made in favor of the agricultural industry, including environment-friendly agricultural policy, and suggest ideas to drive the development of the agricultural industry in a better direction in Korea by comparing the two countries.

Asan city has many strengths, for examples, the distinction of innovation ability, several places with clean environmental resources, conventional-cultural resources and favorable conditions of location in regional agriculture development. But it has not devised the comprehensive development plan for regional agriculture that is integrating natural, cultural and industrial resources. So the plan linked with those resources should be to promoted to develop agricultural production, marketing and regional economy. And a development strategy is to have the system of agricultural independence within Asan. Namely, originality, identity and cooperative spirit in economic and social-cultural aspects of Asan agriculture are needed, which are a great help to settle agricultural issues in Asan itself. And the governance system needs to be introduced that has the main bodies of Asan agriculture, so as to promote agricultural policy.

The objectives of this study were to develop an evaluation method of regional vulnerability to agricultural drought and to classify the vulnerability patterns. In order to test the method, 24 city or county areas of Gyeonggi-do were chose. First, statistic data and digital maps referred for agricultural drought were defined, and the input data of 31 items were set up from 5 categories: land use factor, water resource factor, climate factor, topographic and soil factor, and agricultural production foundation factor. Second, for simplification of the factors, principal component analysis was carried out, and eventually 4 principal components which explain about 80.8% of total variance were extracted. Each of the principal components was explained into the vulnerability components of scale factor, geographical factor, weather factor and agricultural production foundation factor. Next, DVIP (Drought Vulnerability Index for Paddy), was calculated using factor scores from principal components. Last, by means of statistical cluster analysis on the DVIP, the study area was classified as 5 patterns from A to E. The cluster A corresponds to the area where the agricultural industry is insignificant and the agricultural foundation is little equipped, and the cluster B includes typical agricultural areas where the cultivation areas are large but irrigation facilities are still insufficient. As for the cluster C, the corresponding areas are vulnerable to the climate change, and the D cluster applies to the area with extensive forests and high elevation farmlands. The last cluster I indicates the areas where the farmlands are small but most of them are irrigated as much.

The purpose of this study were to identify the different farming styles of red pepper growers, to describe their characteristics and to get some implications far planning the agricultural development strategy in the area. The researcher surveyed quantitative and qualitative data through interview with researcher developed questionnaires from selected 99 farmers in Eumsung county, Chungbuk province, Korea. The researcher found the low types of red pepper farming: 'red-pepper-centric middle farmers', 'diversified larger farmers', 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers', and 'small farmers for own use'. Based on the above findings, the researcher could derive some implications as follows. Firstly, the difference of market strategy and marketing efforts among the four farming styles should be regarded as important considerations when planning the agricultural development strategy in Emsung county. Secondly, the cooperatives' red pepper marketing strategies in Eumsung county were focused on the processed red pepper products sold at middle or low priced by big retailers in urban areas. Therefore, the cooperatives should change their view point of quality, if they want to initiate the planning process of 'the production and marketing high quality red pepper'. Thirdly, the major efforts of Eumsung county Agricultural Technology Center (ATC) made efforts on increasing the productivity of red pepper farming, however, the technologies recommended by the ATC for farmers required more cost and labour especially for 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers' and 'diversified large farmers'. The ATC should make efforts to find new technologies for helping 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers' to reduce the use of pesticides and 'diversified large farmers' to use the regional images effectively for marketing their hish quality red peppers.

경북 지역 농업기후 지대를 미질 및 식미치를 근거로 하여 다시 세분화된 지대를 설정하고자 2002년부터 2004년까지 3년간 경북 전 지역에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 품종 중 중만생종인 일품벼, 주남벼, 남평벼, 중생종인 화영벼, 조생종인 오대벼를 재배하고 있는 논 513개소의 쌀을 수집하여 분석 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지대별 식미치의 평균은 동해안 남부지대가 67.6로 다른 지대에 비해 약간 낮았으며, 완전미 비율은 동해안 남부지대 및 동해안 중부지대가 각각 87.3~%,88.2~% 로 낮았으며 변이계수도 각각 8.2~~8.3~% 로 높았다. 단백질 함량은 동해안 중부지대가 8.0~% 로 다른 지대에 비해 약간 높았고, 변이계수도 8.8~% 높았다. 2. 특정지역을 세분하여 쌀 품질을 조사해보면 전체 평균의 변이계수보다 높게 나타나는 지역과 낮게 나타나는 지역으로 뚜렷하게 구분된다. 변이 계수가 크다는 것은 특정 지역 내에서도 쌀 품질의 세분화된 지역간 차이가 심하므로 고품질 쌀 생산을 위해서는 세분화된 벼 재배 구역 설정하여 적지적작의 정밀농업이 필요하였다. 3. 식미치를 근거로 세분화된 지대의 쌀 품질 요인에 대한 연차 간 변이계수는 기존 농업기후지대의 변이계수보다 상당히 낮아져, 세분화된 지대별 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 특정 지역의 정밀 기술 개발 및 보급의 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

Nutrient balance is important to develop environmentally friendly agriculture. Phosphorus surplus in nutrient balance was more serious than that of nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded twice the requirement at 30 cities/counties and 32 among 165, respectively. Given livestock waste and optimal nutrient balance, the proper number of animal feeding was 1.68LU/ha. Considering livestock waste only, the optimal number of livestock feeding was 3,918,000LU (heads) and, including fertilizer that would be 2,288,000LU. It is recommended to introduce the regional control system to regulate nutrient input and output, and the trading system of livestock feeding rights to control that.

This study designs an integrated data architecture to systematically manage the agricultural statistics database. Managing the agricultural statistics is important since it provides data for policies and decision making for agribusinesses. Ministry of Agriculture and the National Statistical Office collect the basic agricultural statistic data which provides the basis of logical decision making and agricultural policies. However, the agricultural statistic data has not well been used. The data has not been consistently collected nor managed. The raw data has not been organized nor processed to meet various demands. The needs has been arisen for a consistent agricultural statistics system to increase the relevance, accessibility, and efficiency of data for various users. There are massive amount of data accumulated over a long time period. Introducing the new system and reorganizing the data will bear large risks. A systematic method is required to reduce the risks in planing, building, and maintaining the database without hindering administration. This study provides a design of the agricultural statistics system architecture based on the user requirement analysis (URA) and similar systems abroad. We have also build a prototype to check the implementability of the system design.

This study investigates the core elements of the formation and development of cluster using a multi-disciplinary approach and suggests a promoting strategy by development stage of cluster. As a sub-category of regional innovation system, the cluster has been considered as one of the most noticeable methodological argument to make the regional innovation system come true. In the meantime, this study examines the core elements of cluster shown in the theories and examples through six academic fields such as economics, geography, regional development, business administration, sociology and pedagogy and their educational back-ground. By means of establishing the incubation stage in the development of cluster, core elements are composed in the stages of birth, incubation and evolution in subsequent manner. A promoting strategy will be suggested through the implication of core elements in the reestablished stages.