The purpose of this study was to select some superior soybean varieties adaptable to growth in the northern parts of the Korean peninsula, and to identify the suitable growing regions of soybean in North Korea. Soybean varieties from South Korea were evaluated with the Chinese locally cultivated varieties as check varieties at two locations, Donggang City of Lianing Province, and at Longjing City of Jilin Province, 2017-2019. A total of 100 soybean varieties from South Korea and three Chinese check varieties were evaluated based on ecological adaptability, and a total of 18 varieties including ‘Suwon 212’ from the Longjing test site as well as a total of 59 genotypes the Donggang test site, were selected for further evaluation in the first experiment year. A total of 12 promising soybean varieties at Longjing and 15 varieties at Donggang that were selected from the previous year, were evaluated at the same sites for ecological adaptability as well as productivity in the second experiment year. A total of nine promising soybean varieties were selected at the test sites, respectively. The nine varieties at each site that were selected from the previous year for the production capacity including flowering date, degree of lodging, yield potential, and disease resistance, were reviewed to evaluate at both sites in the last experiment year. Finally, a total of eight superior varieties, including four at the Longjing site (‘Seonnogkong’, ‘Dajinputkong’, ‘Danweonkong’ and ‘Sinpaldalkong 2’) and the other four at the Donggang site (‘Iksan 13’, ‘Seonnogkong’, ‘Gangil’ and ‘Yeonpung’) were selected. The yield potential of four outstanding soybean varieties selected at the Longjin site was 1.5-2.6t/ha, and that of the other four at the Donggang site was 2.1-2.7t/ha.

A winter forage tetraploid rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar, ‘Daegokgreen’, was developed at the Department of Central Area Crop Science, NICS, RDA in 2016. The mutant line ‘CG11003-8-B’, which was induced from rye cultivar ‘Gogu’ (diploid) by colchicine treatment, was selected for its excellent agronomic performance and was placed in preliminary yield trials for one year, 2013. The line was designated “Homil59” and was tested for regional yield trials at the four locations in Korea from 2014 to 2016. Finally, the new cultivar was named as the ‘Daegokgreen’ (grant number 8274). The leaf of cultivar ‘Daegokgreen’ is wide, long and dark-green color. The cultivar also has a big-size grain with light-brown color. The heading date of cultivar ‘Daegokgreen’ was April 17 which was 2 days later than that of check cultivar ‘Gogu’. The tolerance to cold and wet injury, and resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust of the new cultivar were similar to those of the check cultivar but the resistance to the lodging of the new cultivar was stronger than that of the check. The average roughage fresh and dry matter yield of the new cultivar after 10 days from heading were 37.0 and 7.7 MT ha-1, respectively, which were similar to those (38.4 and 8.0 MT ha-1) of the check cultivar. The roughage quality of ‘Daegokgreen’ was higher in crude protein content (8.9%) than that of the check cultivar (7.9%), while was similar to the check in total digestible nutrients (56.9%). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops at all of crop cultivation areas in Korea.

This experiment was performed to analyze the annual variation of growth traits of soybean to determine the information of less sensitive traits and stable cultivars based on the environmental conditions. Sowing was carried out on June 2 for each year and the test plot was arranged in three replicates by randomized complete block design with thirty soybean varieties including two landraces during the period 2014-2015. The weather conditions during the test period were quite different with extremely low precipitation and longer sunshine duration in 2015. The variation of characteristics related to growth period such as days of growth, days of maturity, days of flowering and 100-seed weight were less in spite of different environmental conditions. While the variation of the number of pods per plant was high. Considering growth and seed characteristics like the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight which are linked directly to the yield, cultivars such as Shingi, Daewonkong, Danbaegkong, and Daepung for beancurd and soypaste, Pungwon, Haepum and Shingang for soy-sprout and Seoritae for cooking with rice were more stable and are expected to have high yield in Suwon, the south-central part of South Korea. These results are useful for the selection of breeding resources to develop cultivars with high stability under changeable weather condition.

콩의 PR10 유전자(GmPR10)를 벼에 형질전환하여 GmPR10 전이 유전자의 발현 정도와 내염성 관련 형질의 반응 사이의 인과관계를 조사하여 염 스트레스에 대한 GmPR10 생리적 기능을 분석하고 내염성 유전자원을 개발하였다. 1. 전이 유전자는 형질전환 계통에 따라 게놈 내에 1 ~ 6개의 사본이 도입되었고, 선발된 8개의 형질전환 계통 모두에서 전이 유전자가 발현되었으며, 발현 정도는 계통에 따라 변이를 보였다. 2. T1세대 2계통의 형질전환

There is a considerable difference in morphological traits between Bokbunja cultivated in Korea (KCB) and Korea native Rubus coreanus, contrary to the conviction that the cultivated Bokbunja is the domestication of R. coreanus. To infer the phylogenetic relationship of KCB with other Rubus species, we compared the chloroplast DNA spacers of KCB with those of several Rubus species including black raspberry, R. occidentalis. The three chloroplast DNA spacers, atpB~rbcL, trnL~trnF, and trnT~trnL, were amplified using the specific primer pairs and converted to Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) markers. The SSCP makers of the chloroplast DNA spacers showed a considerable variation both within and among Rubus species. In the phylogenetic tree generated by the SSCP markers, KCB accessions were located in the same clade with R. occidentalis, but R. coreanus accessions in the different clade. Also, in the phylogenetic tree by the nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast DNA spacer trnL~trnF, KCB located in the same clade with R. occidentalis but not with R. coreanus. These results suggest that the three KCB accessions share higher similarity with R. occidentalis than with R. coreanus in the three chloroplast DNA spacers.

The bramble cultivated widely in South Korea, which is known as Bokbunja-ddal-gi, is regarded as having originated from Korean native Rubus coreanus. This study was carried out to obtain basic phylogenetic information on Korean cultivated bramble (KCB) by comparing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions with those of R. coreanus, blackberry (R. lanciniatus), black (R. occidentalis) and red (R. idaeus) raspberry. Sequences of the ITS 1 suggest that some KCB accessions share a significant similarity with both R. occidentalis and R. coreanus in the ITS 1 region. The ITS 2 sequences of the three KCB accessions clustered more closely to those of two R. occidentalis accessions than to those of R. coreanus. These results suggest that there exist variations in the sequences of ITS among KCB accessions and KCB accessions are more closely related to black raspberry than R. coreanus in the ITS regions.

우수한 기능성을 가진 나물콩을 생산하기 위하여 isoflavone함량이 높은 품종을 선발하고, 재배적 방법에 의한 원료콩 종실의 isoflavone함량의 증진 가능성을 조사하는 한편, 콩나물의 재배 일수에 따른 콩나물 부위별 isoflavone 함량의 경시적 변화 양상을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시한 나물콩 21품종의 종실에 함유된 daidzein과 genistein의 총 함량은 756~1,682ug/g 으로 품종간 차이가 컸으며, 특히 익산 13호(1,682ug/g) 및 남원재래(1,500ug/g) 에서 함량이 높았다. 2. Daidzein 함량은 익산 13호(924ug/g) 및 IT 160996 (828ug/g) 에서 높았으며, genistein 함량은 익산 13호(758ug/g) 및 남원재래(756ug/g) 에서 높았다. 3. 풍산나물콩의 영양생장기에 식물생장조절제인 안티폴(2,472ug/g) 과 후라스타(2,052ug/g) 를 처리하였을 때 daidzein과 genistein의 총 함량이 대조군(1,800ug/g) 에 비하여 각각 37%와 14% 증가하였다. 4. 은하콩의 콩나물 재배일수 경과에 따른 isoflavone 함량은 자엽의 경우 변화가 미미하였으나, 배축의 경우 daidzein이 치상 후 3일까지 증가하다 4일째부터 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 배축의 genistein함량은 콩나물 재배기간이 경과할수록 감소하였다. 5. 풍산나물콩의 콩나물 재배일수 경과에 따른 isoflavone 함량은 은하콩과 달리 자엽의 경우에는 변화가 미미하였으나, 배축의 경우 daidzein이 치상 후 1일에 5,154ug/g 까지 증가했으나 재배일수가 경과함에 따라 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 배축의 genistein함량은 큰 변동을 보이지 않았다. 6. 콩나물재배 6일째부터 발생한 잔뿌리에는 isoflavone 함량이 4,416ug/g~5,232ug/g 으로 매우 높았다. 7. 고기능성 나물용 콩을 육성하기 위해서는 원료콩 종실의 isoflavone함량이 높고, 콩나물이 식용으로 이용되는 시기까지 isoflavone함량이 크게 감소하지 않는 특성을 가진 품종의 육성이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 맥류 습해의 원인인 과습에 의한 근권의 산소부족이 맥류 뿌리의 생장 및 혐기 발효대사 효소(alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 양액재배를 이용하여 1.5엽기 맥류 유묘에 용존산소 1.5-2 ppm 정도의 혐기처리를 1, 3, 5, 7일간 실시하였다. 혐기조건에서 뿌리의 생장은 모든 맥종에서 감소하였으며, 감소정도는 내습성이 낮은 보리가 내습성이 높은 밀과 호밀보다 낮았다. 정상조건에서 ADH 활성은 보리가 LDH 활성은 호밀이 가장 높았으나 두 효소 모두 맥종 간의 차이는 크지 않았다. 혐기처리에 의해 ADH와 LDH 활성은 모든 맥종에서 공통적으로 증가하였으며 증가 정도는 호밀과 밀에서 가장 높았고 보리에서 가장 낮았다. 혐기조건에서 이들 효소의 활성증가는 모든 맥종에서 유사하게 항시발현 동위효소의 증가 및 새로운 동위효소의 발현유도에 의해 나타났다. 혐기조건에서 ADH와 LDH 활성 증가 정도는 맥종의 재해저항성과 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 이러한 결과는 맥류의 내습성에 혐기 발효계 효소가 관여하고 있음을 의미하는 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 보리 습해의 원인인 과습에 의한 근권의 산소부족이 보리의 뿌리와 지상부의 amylase 및 sucrose synthase활성에 미치는 영향을 배양액의 용존산소를 1~~2ppm 의 혐기조건으로 1-7일간 처리한 3엽기 보리 유묘를 이용하여 조사하였다. 해당과정의 재료인 glucose의 공급에 관여하는 효소 중에서 전분을 분해하는 α-amylas 의 활성은 혐기조건에서 증가하나 자당을 분해하는 sucrose synthase활성은 혐기조건에서도 호기적 상태의 수준을 유지하였다. 이러한 결과는 에너지 획득과정에서의 α-amylas 의 역할이 호기조건에서보다 혐기조건에서 상대적으로 증대하는 것을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다.