The earth science was set down as a regular subject of high-school curricilum in 1956 and has been constantly transited since then. This study is to discover the theoretical basic of science education by analyzing the background of formation of the curriculum and the process of transition. The aim of this study is to give an important suggestions for the future Earth Science Education. The summary of the study and suggestions for the sixth amendment of Earth Science curriculum are as follows 1. To promote the development of Science Education, Science subjects should be decided to be a compulsory subject by authority and supported financially. 2. It is necessary that the Earth Science be selected as a required subject in both human and natural course ; at least 4 unit for the human study course, and 8 unit for the natural course. 3. In the sixth amendment of curriculum the Earth Science should be fixed as a regular compulsory subject and both experiment and practice should be reinforced.

The CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) system for science teaching has been increasing both in quantity and in quality during the last two decades. However, science learning by computer has not played a leading role in the science teaching process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of tutorial CAI programs according to the learner's characteristics such as sex, inquiry skills, scientific attitudes, logical thinking skills, achievement motivation, science content achievement in science teaching. One group pretest-posttest design was used as an experimental design. The three tutorial science CAI programs were used for thirty males and females selected in grade eight. According to the analysis of CAI achievement scores the female students showed significantly higher (P$lt;0.05) than the male students. Also one-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of interaction between sex and achievement motivation. The significant difference on the effects of interaction between sex and achievement motivation has not found. The effects of tutorial CAI between logical thinking skills, scientific attitudes, inquiry skills, achievement motivation, science content achievement according to upper and lower levels were investigated by using the statistical analysis of one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that tutorial CAI might provides a good opportunities for the improvement of science achievement to the lower level students of science attitudes, inquiry skills, science content achievement.

The purpose of the present study is to figure out the characteristics and differences among eight textbooks of high school Science I B (Earth Science) among all currently used high school Earth Science textbooks (Science I B and Earth Science) published in accordance with the fifth amended high school curriculum by comparing and analysing the contents in them The conclusions are as follows 1. The contents of each unit are not much different among textbooks since they are written according to the curriculum ordinance and textbook guidelines of the Ministry of Education. However, the contents and the sizes of the newly introduced unit 1 on $quot;Exploration of the Earth$quot; are found to vary significantly from one to another. This unit is also found to be rather formally and inattentatively written. 2. In many instances certain identical concepts and phenomena are found to be described using different terminology in different textbooks. 3. Some physical quantities are found to be described in different ways for the identical conceps and phenomena in different textbooks. 4. The amount of pages devoted to each field is found to be ordered as follows : Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology, Geophysics, Oceanography, etc. However, the relative amounts vary significantly among different textbooks with exceptions of textbooks A and D. This is believed to be caused by preponderence of authors in certain fields instead of balanced composition. Therefore, the education authorities are urged to unify the terminology and physical quantities that are used differently for identical concept and phenomena by consulting with textbook writers and professional institutions so that efficient teaching and learning can be achieved in the school. In addition, considering the multi-science nature of Earth Science which emphasizes the interdisciplinary approach as well as the importance of Earth Science as a basic science, the textbook should be written without preponderating of certain field over others.

One of fundamental bases for the desirable Science Education is effective evaluation, and the objectives of the Science Education can be used for the reasonable basis of this evaluation. In this paper, to study the current state of the high school Earth Science Education, comparison was made between the objectives of Education proposed by textbook and those to be measured by Scholastic Achievement test, and the result was analyzed. 1. The objectives of both the textbook and Scolastic Achievement test are highly oriented to obtain theory and comprehension. 2. The objectives which measure the Process of Scientific Inquiry are to some extent satisfied by the textbook but not by the Scholastic Achievement test. Consequently the future evaluation process should be modified in order to evaluate properly the ability for the process of Scientific Inquiry of the students properly.

This research was conducted by the request of the Ministry of Education as a part of $quot;The investigation of the priority (of Oceangraphy field) of the long term education loan project$quot;, which is promoted in order to find the ways) to reinforce the Oceanography education. The first Oceanography department in Korea was established in 1968 at Seoul National University. During the last 20 years, 10 Oceanography departments, 5 ocean engineering departments and 1 ocean development department were established at 8 universities and 4 colleges. However, the education facilities and the quality of education were not sufficiently improved. Furthermore, an Oceanography research vessel was not built for those ocean related departments up to now. The authority of the Ministry of Education, which foresaw the fast-changing marine policy of each nation and the rapid technological advances of ocean development, prepared a plan to search a way to reinforce the college level Oceanography education so as to secure the future survival of this nation. Therefore, through this investigation a reinforce plan of Oceanography education in Korea was formalized.

1. The aim of this study is to find the theoretical foundation of science education and to offer a basic materials and efficient suggestions for the 2000s Earth Science by analyzing and comparing the new curriculum amended in 1988 and the old one amended in 1981. 2. The main contents of this study is to find the problems in curriculum and to suggest the way to improve the curriculum by analyzing and comparing the new and old curriculum. 3. The problems that may appear in the new curriculum are as follows. (1) It's hard to expect the normal Earth Science Education in high school because Earth Science is designated as an optional subject in natural course. (2) It is contradictory to relation in learning to unify the Earth Science I and Biology I into Science I in new curriculum. (3) If the new curriculum goes in effect it is natural that Earth Science teachers quality should be lowered because able students will avoid entering the Department of Earth Science Education in university. 4. The suggestions to help improve the Earth Science curriculum in 2000s are as follows. (1) For the normal Earth Science Education, Earth Science should be designated as a required subject in civic science course as well as in natural course in high school. (2) The aim of Earth Science Education should be amended not to be dicipline centered curriculum but to satisfy the future society or individual's desire (3) The intergrated science should be researched profoundly and it is necessary to name Earth Science Geophysics, which is unified with physics. (4) Natural science curriculum should be amended by the committee constituted with the specialist in science education, scientists, and science teachers ; it is not proper that science curriculum be reached and discussed by an reorganization in which a few specialists in science education join.

Four observational astronomical item, have been pilottested with a 150mm refracting telescope in order to layout the detailed procedures for the suggested (inquiry) activities listed in the high school earth science curriculum and to contrive some adequate instructions for students stressed on how to make proper treatments with the collected materials. The tested items were of sunspots' motion, the size of lunar craters, the Galilian satellites' revolution, and the galactic distribution of stars. Following series of activities are suggested with respect to the way of collecting observational data and of giving proper instruction to students in class: 1) Photography and other material, he made by teacher and/or extracurricular group of students; 2) Replicas (xeroxed, photographs, Or slides) he made from the collected materials, '0 that they are available to all the students in class; 3) Quantative analyses, be taken as student' activity.

This study aims at giving effective suggestions for future Earth Science Education by making a theoretical teaching-learning model for inquiry science. The main subject of this study is to establish the learning system, educational goal and guide theory of Earth Science Education. Through above mentioned, following suggestions are presented: (1) The experiments and observations should be more emphasized than lectures in Earth Science Education. (2) It is necessary to retrain Earth Science teachers in order to improve their ability to guide the student's experiments. (3) Well designed laboratory equipments and kids of good quality and resonable price should be supplied. (4) Every teacher should work on positive line, extending the range of information through participating in the Korean Earth Science Education society, Earth Science meetings and various science education seminars.

이 硏究는 우리나라 國民學校 自然科 敎師用 指針書와 美國(Holt Science)의 敎師用 指針書를 分析 比較하였다. 各國의 科學敎育의 性格과 硏究課程 要素를 比較하여 보고 實際 內容에 있어서는 低學年에서 空氣分野와 高學年에서 海洋分野의 것을 다루었다.

地球科學 敎育에 關心을 갖고 硏究하던 중 1984年 2學期부터 1年間 美國 노-드 카로라이나 주립대학에 硏究敎授로 가서 國民學校 科學中 地球科學 敎育課程 內容을 比較 分析 硏究하게 되었다. 이 硏究는 우리 敎科書와 美國의 敎科書(Holt Science)의 體裁, 開發順序, 內容 및 槪念들을 比較하였다.

The papers of earth science examinations given during the first semester of 1981 academic year were collected from the seventy five high schools randomly chosen all over the country. The examination questions were analyzed and evaluated in order to grasp the current state and issues of earth science education. Some critical remarks and suggestions are made for improvement of the earth science education at the secondary school level.

This study aims at identifying the characteristics of current science curriculum in several countries in terms of its format, aims and objectives, contents and guidelines. Each country has its own characteristics of science curriculum, also common characteristics among many countries. Firstly, the format of sicence curriculum in Eastern countries is very different from that of Western countries. Western countries have the curriculum format which includes characteristics and needs of science education, philosophy and background, characteristics of learner, teaching strategy and teaching materials, but Eastern countries have the curriculum format which includes only objectives, contents, and guidelines. Secondly, the aims and objectives of science curriculum in Eastern countries focus on scientific knowledges and concepts, while those of Western countries emphasize scientific methods and attitudes. Thirdly, the contents of science curriculum are very similar regardless of eastern countries or western countries. In other words, all countries included in this study emphasize biological science and earth science at lower grade level and physical science at upper grade level. Especially the observations and learning through curiosity are suggested at lower grade level, and logical reasoning is emphasized at upper grade level. Finally, the guidelines of science curriculum in eastern countries do not suggest specific information about teaching contents, experimental methods, teaching-learning activities, evaluation methods, and teaching and learning materials, while those of western countries provide more specific information about them which teachers can utilize effectively.

This study aims to present an effective basic material and data for the future earth science education by analysizing earth science curriculum of Korean high school. The method used in this study is based on comparison and analysis of the related reference materials. The main subject of this study is to find the changing history of earth science curriculum and compare the Korean earth science curriculum revised in 1982 to the American and Japan curriculums. Based on these studies following suggestions are presented for the future earth science education; 1) The laboratory education in earth science should be more emphasized than lecture. 2) It is urgent need to publish laboratory manuals for students. 3) Well designed laboratory equipments and good quality kits of reasonable price should be supplied.

An implementation study was conducted by analyzing the science curricula, surveying of the classroom activities, and the contents of the current science text books. Through this investigation, it was found that exist a discrepancies between the science curricula and current text books, the contents of the text books are just listing of informations and too hard compare the level of students activities. Furthermore, the current text books were prepared under the laboratory oriented approaching methods by emphasizing the inquiring processes. However, (at present. situations) the most schools could not carry out the objects of the current text books due to lack of instruments, laboratory facilities, and laboratory work books.

This study aims to present an effective basic material and data . for the future earth science education by examining the present condition of scientific laboratory and observation unit of earth science test books. The method used in this study is based on the questionnaire obtained from the earth science teachers throughout the nation and an analysis of reference material related. The main subject of this study is the basic qualification of earth science teacher, the present condition of laboratory equipment, the status of scientific experiment and the problems of earth science experiment kits. Based on the above investigations, suggestions are presented for future earth science education: (1) The laboratory and observation education should be more emphasised than lecture. (2) A team should consists of 10 students at laboratory. (3) It is in urgent need to publish a laboratory manual for the student. (4) Well designed laboratory equipments and good quality kits of reasonable price should be supplied.

본 연구는 다문화 교육과정의 목표 및 과학교육 내용표준을 준거로 한 분석 기준을 개발하고, 다문화 맥락을 고려한 과학과 교육과정 분석 기준에 따라 캐나다 온타리오 주 2007 과학과 기술 교육과정 및 한국의 2009 개정 ‧ 2015 개정 과학과 교육과정을 대상으로 초등학교 3~6학년의 과학 과 교육과정을 비교 ‧ 분석하였다. 개발한 분석 기준의 가로축은 다문화교육 통합의 접근의 4단계 인 기여 단계, 첨가 단계, 변형 단계, 사회 활동 단계로 구분되었으며, 세로축은 상황, 내용 요소, 성취기준 및 하위 요소로 구성되었다. 이 분석 항목에 근거하여 두 국가 교육과정 간의 비교를 수 행하였고, 과학과 교육과정의 목표, 교육내용 및 내용체계, 성취기준, 평가계획, 교수‧학습 방법 및 유의사항에서 다문화 맥락이 반영된 혹은 고려될 수 있는 사례를 찾아 사회 ‧ 문화적 배경과 다문 화 과학교육 관련 문헌에 근거하여 장단점과 개선 방안을 모색하였다. 온타리오주 과학과 기술 교 육과정에서는 학습자의 배경적 다양성을 존중하고 새로운 학습 환경에의 적응을 지원하는 방안과 상호문화교육의 관점에서 과학을 지도하도록 지침을 주고 있었다. 국내 과학과 교육과정에서는 다 문화 과학교육의 중요성이 명시되지 않았지만, 다양성을 존중하는 학습 자료나 다양한 사람들이 과학 활동 및 직업에 참여하고 있음을 보여주는 방향으로 개선되고 다문화 과학교육의 명확한 방 향과 관점을 설정할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 다문화 가정의 학생과 주류 집단 학생을 함께 지도할 수 있는 과학과 교육과정의 개발 혹은 재구성, 교육내용 개선에 도움을 주는 자료로서 활용 될 수 있다.

과학･예술교과(프로그램)은 21세기 학계, 산업계를 비롯 국가적으로 그 발전을 권장하는 핵심 분야이다. 우리나라는 현재 세계 10위권의 경제규모를 유지하고 있지만 기존 선진국들의 견제와 중국 등 신흥 국가들의 끊임없는 도전을 통해 그 위치의 유지는 물론 향후 전망 또한 밟지 않은 상황이다. 이런 상황에서 미래에 충분한 수익을 창출할 수 있는 새로운 산업 분야를 확보하는 것은 학계, 산업계를 망라하고 전 국가적인 과제로 등장하고 있다. 과학･예술교과(프로그램)은 이런 국가적 난제를 해결하기 위한 가장 훌륭한 대안으로 인정되고 있으며 때문에 학계와 산업계는 물론 정부에서도 주요한 분야로 육성발전시키고자 하는 융합 분야이다. 따라서 과학･예술교과(프로그램) 융합교육과 스마트교육은 지식기반인 현대사회에서 각광받고 있는 교육의 새로운 흐름이며, 이러한 관점에서 볼 때 대학 교양교육의 과학･예술교과(프로그램)은 아주 중요하다. 연구의 방법 및 내용, 범위는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학 교양교육의 과학･예술교과(프로그램) 사례를 국내외적로 분석하고 진단하여 관련 연구동향과 기대효과를 파악하고 예측하기 위하여 관련 선행연구 및 이론적 고찰을 행하며, 둘째, 대학 교양교육의 과학･예술교과(프로그램)에 대한 개별 심층면접(In-deep Interview)을 통한 전문가 집단의 태도연구(FGI)를 실시한다. 또한 결과 분석을 활용하여 객관적이고 합리적인 정책 제안과 시스템 구축에 필요한 향후의 실증적 자료로 활용한다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 총 설문 대상자 30명의 전문가집단 태도에 관한 SAS 9.3, Chi-square & Fisher's Exact test 설문응답의 기술 통계로써, 신뢰성과 타당성을 갖는 설문조사를 위해서 조사계획, 설문지, 표본추출, 본 조사, 자료입력, 자료 분석 등의 전 과정에서 가장 적절한 통계적 방법을 적용한다. 특히, 과학적이고 창의적인 FGI 설문 설계 및 통계적 분석기법과 신뢰도를 위하여 설문지 문항작성이 본 연구에서 상당히 중요하다고 판단되어 전문가집단 태도에 관한 각 설문문항에 대하여 크론바흐 기법을 이용한 신뢰도의 통계적 유의성을 분석하여 확인한다. 설문항목은 인지 및 경험, 참여의도, 교과(프로그램)의 주제, 목표, 내용영역, 학문영역, 이수시간, 이수학점, 온.오프라인 교육(시스템) 형태 등이다. 연구결과 및 결론은 다음과 같다. 대학 교양교육의 과학･예술 교과(프로그램)에 대한 인지 및 경험, 참여의도, 교과(프로그램)의 주제, 목표, 내용영역, 학문영역, 이수시간, 이수학점, 온.오프라인 교육(시스템) 형태 등 모든 문항에서는 남녀 구분 없이 긍정적인 응답이 통계적으로 유의하였고 각 문항 간 신뢰도 또한 높게 나타났다. 문항 간 상관관계 또한 독립적이지 않고 연관이 있음이 입증되었다. 그러나 활성화 정도, 장단점, 한계 등의 설문항목에서는 부정적인 응답이 통계적으로 확인되었고 특히, 정부와 대학 당국의 적극적인 정책개발과 지원에 대한 아쉬움 또한 통계적으로 확인되어 이에 대한 해결책이 필요한 것으로 보인다.