This study was carried out to determine marine environments and phytoplankton community in Deukryang Bay during the period of summer in 1987-2010. Water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were shown in much yearly fluctuations. In August, water temperatures in surface and on bottom were the highest, compared with average surface (24.54℃) and bottom (22.90℃) water temperature for 18 years in Deukryang Bay. The main reason is assumed to longer duration of sunshine during the period of August. Although the amount of the rainfall in August was the highest, significant impact of marine environment did not show. Most of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in Deukryang were lower concentration during summer and N:P ratio also showed below 18 in Redfield. In particular, extreme increasing of N:P ratio in August was occurred by intensive precipitation. Distribution of phytoplankton community was a consistent occurrence for 18 years. The genus of Chaetoceros, Cosinodisucs and Skeletonema were regarded as the represent diatom, whereas the highest occurrence of genus among dinofagellates was Ceratium. It is thought that the relationship between phytoplankton and nutrient has a strong positive signal, although nutrients persist a little concentration and much fluctuations in marine environments were observed. High availability in phytoplankton is contributed to consistently provide the food organism of shellfish. Consequently, recent decreasing production of shellfish and seed are probably associated with higher temperature during the period of summer. However, higher temperature is also occurred ago and after 2000. On the basis of geography, Deukryang Bay had a small mouth and long channel, which is attributed to decreasing genetic diversity. It is assumed that higher temperature and lower genetic diversity have a extreme impact of larvae and shellfish for reproduction in Deukryang. It is necessary to persistently monitor based on water quality and phytoplankton community.

본 연구는 원예프로그램이 유아의 환경 인식태도 및 확산적 사고에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 경산시의 D, J초등학교 병설 유치원을 다니고 있는 만 4~5세 유아를 대상으로 2010년 5월 11일부터 7월 16일 까지 매주 목요일 오전 10시부터 1시간, 주 1회, 총 10회 원예프로그램을 실시하였다. 유아 환경인식 검사 결과 하위항목 환경지식과 환경태도에서 모두 유의하게(P<0.01) 향상 되었다. 전체 점수 또한 유의하게(P<0.01) 향상되었다. 확장적 사고검사 결과 전체 점수가 유의한 향상을 나타냈으며 하위항목 독창성(P<0.05)과 정교성(P<0.01)에서 각각 유의한 의미가 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 원예활동 프로그램이 유아의 환경인식과 확장적 사고에 크게 영향을 끼친다고 판단되었다. 따라서 유아 교육 기관에서는 원예활동 프로그램을 도입한 환경교육이 필요하며 재활용품을 이용한 원예활동 프로그램이 확대되어 나가야 한다고 생각된다.

Recently, Korea’s interest in environment protection is increasingly growing, and Korea realizes the seriousness of environmental pollution and national movement to minimize the effect is arising. As part of the movement, the need of environmental education in elementary schools is on the rise. This study aims to develop integrated environmental experience programs allowing students to have experience activities in forests, rivers, and seas that they can approach easily around them and to have environmental education through various plays. In addition, the study purposes to compare general educational education programs in actual education in terms of the effect of the program on students’ environment attitudes. This study was conducted to 50 fourth graders in two classes of S elementary school in Busan, and the 25-student comparative group had the normal educational education program that is mostly being performed in actual education while the 25-student treatment group had the survey on environmental attitude after a class using an integrated environmental experience program. The survey content is about environmental attitudes, and it consists of six subjects such as general environment, environmental pollution, energy, water resources, recycling, and animal protection and has 7 or 8 items by each subject which is divided into eight sub-items including sensibility, belief, values, spontaneity, criticism, patience, attention and interest. The findings are as follows. First, the integrated environmental experience program has a more positive effect on environmental attitudes than the general educational program. In particular, it is really effective about the topic of animal protection among students’ environmental attitudes. Second, the integrated environmental experience program has a more positive effect on values and interests than the general environmental education program.

The consciousness of environmental education has increased for the last decades, and schools make efforts for education in the systematic environment. To keep pace with trends such as the open school and the open class, students, teachers and parents are actively participating in environmental education programs. Parents’ active participate in environmental education programs will provide excellent basis to operate environmental education efficiently and advise fruitful operation of environmental education programs. In addition, as parents play an important role of deciding the students’ life habits or attitudes about environment, their participation is greatly meaningful. This study was conducted to 203 fourth and fifth graders in M elementary school in Ulsan city that operated the model school for protecting the forest from March to December, 2009 and their parents in order to examine the effects of parents’ participation in environmental education programs, and the results are as follows. First, the student group with parents who participated in environmental education programs showed higher interest in surrounding environment of the school. Second, the student group with parents who participated in environmental education programs showed higher environment sensitiveness and environmental practice intention. Third, the parent group who participated in environmental education programs showed higher environmental sensitiveness and environmental practice intention. Fourth, the parent group who participated in environmental education programs showed higher satisfaction about the program. As the result of the study, environmental education programs with parents’ participation attracted their active interest and participation about school environment problems, and a lot of conversation and attention between students and parents who participated in environmental education programs improved the students and their parents’ environmental sensitiveness and environmental practice intention.

Today’s fundamental purpose of environmental education is to fulfill people’s desire of living in a pleasant environment and at the same time promoting individualistic and collective environmentally friendly behaviors. In order to achieve these purposes, it is very important that each person holds an environmentally friendly mind that constantly tries to preserve and protect the environment which should be acquired through experiencing the importance of the environment. In order to increases the sense of attachment of people and the natural environment, the direction of environmental education should carry out education on environment related knowledge and the condition of environment damage side by side. The direction of environmental education should consider the cultivating student’s awareness for active participation on matters related to the environment and to change their behaviors towards the environment. This study has tested the effect of reflective writing activities about the environment on the environmental sensitivity and willingness to act of 5th grade primary school students. For the sole purpose of this study, 70 students out of 141 5th graders of M Primary School were divided as the experimental group, and another 71 students were divided as the control group. The experimental group participated in 10 activities in where they were asked to express their thoughts and feelings in writing regarding 10 environmental problems occurring near the M Primary School. The control group participated in 10 environmental education lectures focusing on the lecturer. The results were as following. First, the reflective writing activities about the environment were effective in the environmental sensitivity of primary school students. Second, the reflective writing activities about the environment can affect the environmental willingness to act of primary school students. Third, there was a statistically significant correlation between environmental sensitivity and environmental willingness to act.

본 연구는 학교 옥외환경이 학생들의 환경의식 및 환경교육적 측면에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 시범학교와 일반학교의 비교 연구를 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 1. 학생들은 자신의 학교 옥외공간에 ‘나무, 꽃 등의 관찰공간’, ‘화단’, ‘야외수업 및 휴식공간’, ‘연못 및 생태 숲’ 등에 대한 요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 특히 ‘야외수업 및 휴식공간’에 대한 요구도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 조경공간 만족도에 있어서는 시범학교와 일반학교의 차이가 검증되었으며 숲 조성으로 인한 식물 수량의 증가와 이로 인해 계절감을 느낄 수 있는 점이 만족의 이유로 조사되었다. 3. 학교숲 조성은 학생들의 식재수량 인식도에 유의적인 영향을 끼쳤으며, 학교숲 조성으로 인한 식재수량의 증가는 학생들의 식물 관찰빈도를 높여주는 결과를 보였다. 또한 관찰빈도의 증가가 식물이름을 아는 정도에도 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 교목․교화의 인지도, 교과서 식물 인지도의 분석 결과를 볼 때, 학교숲 조성 후 적극적인 환경교육이 이루어지지 않으면 학생들의 환경의식고취 및 교육적 효과가 미비한 것으로 나타났으며, 현재 환경교육은 대부분 교실에서 이루어지는 교과서 위주로 진행되고 있었으며, 현장에서 직접 체험하는 방식의 교육이 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 학생들이 몸소 체험하며 보고, 듣고, 느낄 수 있는 방식의 효과적인 학습방법을 모색하기 위한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to develop the effects of site environmental factors on estimation of site index function for Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher stands. We derived nonlinear growth equation and the draw site index curves by applying this estimated equation. This study with Chapman-Richards function showed significant P-value which was less then 0.0001 and R2 value 0.5947. This study was conducted to develop the feasible site index equation of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher. For the table, the data of 82 sample areas that were thought to be without errors among the data of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher sample area located on the value-oriented forest location chart were used and estimated. After analyzing the quantification method I based on 13 environmental factors to develop the score table for the site-index estimation of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher, R2 value of the model was 0.7555. It has been analyzed that the scope value of Soil moisture in horizon A was 7.5045, that of total soil depth was 6.3896, that of topography was 5.3471, that of slope was 4.7000 and that of aspect was 3.2038. After analyzing the partial correlation to examine the factors that affected most the site-index of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher, it has been noted that the partial correlation of climatic zone was 0.4987, which was highest, and it was followed by Soil moisture in horizon A (0.4592), slope (0.4537), topography (0.3299) and total soil depth (0.1035). As a result of conducting the significance test for partial correlation, it has been found that topography, climatic zone, parent rock, slope, altitude, aspect, Soil moisture in horizon A, soil hardness in horizon A and total soil depth were recognized significant with 1% of significance level and sedimentary type and soil texture in horizon A were recognized significant with 5% of significance level.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of the environmental education system focusing on the knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to environmental education to the students in Mokpo middle school. The study is accomplished by the survey which includes a total of 268 inquiry lists sampled from four groups of the middle school, one of which composing of two middle schools having the environmental curriculum, hereafter referred as 'the case group' and the other group of two middle schools without the curriculum, hereafter referred as the 'the control group'. From the results of the average scores on the environmental knowledge, attitude and practice between the two groups, the case group showed better knowledge scores than the control group (p<0.05). The case group with environmental education were relatively high to the control group without environmental education to the attitude(p<0.05), and did not showed signifiant differences in the environmental practice. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the factor affecting the environmental knowledges was the interest in the environment problems (R2=0.130), economic status, academic achievement and the necessity of environment conservations in order. The factor most affecting to environmental attitude and practice were the interest in environmental problems of the parents.

산업체에서 사용하고 있는 칠러 냉각 장치에는 침전물이나 부유물이 많이 발생한다. 칠러 냉각장치에 마그네슘을 적용시켰을 때 나타나는 냉각수와 침전물 및 부유물의 변화를 연구하기 위하여 ICP-AES, IC, XRD, SEM 분석을 실시하였다. 칠러 냉각장치에 Mg를 적용할 경우 대부분의 용해 성분이 감소하는 경향을 보여주고 있어 냉각수의 수질이 상당히 개선되었다. 또한 유기물 형태로 존재하던 부유물이나 침전물이 거의 생성되지 않아 유기물 생성을 억제시키는 효과도 있는 것으로 판단된다.

Flour characteristics of Korean winter wheat grown in Suwon in 1997 and 1998, and in Suwon and Deokso in 1998 were evaluated. Korean winter wheat cultivars were significantly influenced by years and locations in flour properties such as ash content, protein content, damaged starch content, starch swelling volume and power. Protein content was highly correlated with starch damage and alkaline water retention capacity. There were highly significant correlations between mixing time of mixograph and SDS sedimentation volume. Swelling properties of flour and starch were highly correlated with pasting properties of flour and starch, respectively. Compared to commercial flours for baking, Alchanmil, Gobunmil, Keumkangmil and Tapdongmil showed similar protein content, SOS sedimentation volume and mixograph mixing time. Eunpamil, Geurumil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 258, Suwon 261, Suwon 265, Suwon 275, Suwon 276, Suwon 277, Suwon 278 and Urimil had similar values to commercial noodle flours in SDS sedimentation volume. Alchanmil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 274, Suwon 275, Suwon 276 and Urimil showed higher swelling and pasting properties than the others. Chokwang, Olgeurumil, Suwon 277 and Urimil were similar to commercial cookie flours. Friabilin-absence lines showed higher protein content and starch damage than those of friabilin-presence lines. Absence lines of 1D~times 2.2 + 1Dy12 subunit in high molecular weight glutenin subunits showed higher SDS sedimentation volume and mixing time of mixograph than those of presence lines.

Cookie baking properties and relationships between cookie baking properties and flour characteristics were evaluated for two years, 1997 and 1998, and at two locations, Suwon and Deokso, with Korean winter wheat cultivars and lines. Cookie baking parameters, except for cookie diameter and top grain score, were influenced by locations and years. Chokwang, Suwon 274, Suwon 275, Suwon 277 and Urimil showed larger cookie diameter and excellent top grain score compared to the other Korean winter wheat cultivars and lines. Among the flour characteristics, protein content, damaged starch content, alkaline water retention capacity and flour swelling volume showed high positive correlation coefficients with cookie baking parameters. Friabilin-present lines showed larger cookie diameter, suitable surface structure of cookie and softer snapping force than the friabilin-absent lines.

재배 환경 조건이 주요 밀 품종의 품질에 미치는 영향을 보기 위하여 조광을 포함한 9개 품종을 8개 지역에 재배하여 지역별 기상인자와 소맥분 단백질함량 및 침전가와의 관계를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 소맥 재배기간중의 기온이 낮은 북부 일수록 단백질 함량과 침전가는 품종에 관계없이 높은 경향을 보였다. 2. 소맥분의 단백질 함량 및 침전가에 미치는 가장 큰 기상요소는 등숙기간중의 평균 기온이었다. 3. 기온이 낮은 북부지역일수록 출수일이 늦어져서 등숙기간의 기온이 높아진다. 등숙기간의 평균기온이 높은 지방일수록 소맥분의 단백질 함량 및 침전가는 높아졌다. 4. 소맥의 단백질 함량에 미치는 온도반응은 품종에 따라 차이가 있었으며 온도반응이 예민한 품종은 Altas 66, Kitakamikomugi 및 영광이었고 둔감한 품종은 원광, Centurk 및 Bezostaya 이었다. 5. 소맥분의 침전가에 미치는 온도반응은 침전가가 높은 Atlas 66, Centurk, NE 701132, 품종들에서 높았고 침전가가 낮은 Roussalka 및 국내 품종들에서는 둔감하였다.