The acricidal potency of some essential oils can be applied to the control of house dust mites. But it is more effective keeping the house dust mites away than killing them because they remain as allergens even after death. The most efficient repellent concentration of lavender and tea tree in 10㎕ against house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus) were experimented by direct contact bioassay method at various doses ; 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125% and at vairous exposure times ; 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The most effective dose of essential oils (lavender and tea tree) against house dust were 0.625% and the repellent effectiveness at the mowt effective dose of 0.625% were 95.6% for lavander and 96.2% for tea tree, respectively. These results suggest that lavender and tee tree can be effectively used in the control of house dust mites.

Commercial plant essential oils from 27 plant species were tested for their nematicidal activities against the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Good nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus was achieved with essential oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum), styrax (Liquidamber orientalis) and valerina (Valeriana wallichi). Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to identification of 26, 10 and 4 major compounds from coriander (Coriandrum sativum), styrax (Liquidamber orientalis) and valerina (Valeriana wallichi) oils, respectively. These compounds from three plant essential oils were tested individually for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode. Among compounds, benzaldehyde, trans-cinnamyl alcohol, cis-asarone, octanal, nonanal, decanal, trans-2-decenal, undecanal, dodecanal, decanol, and trans-2-decen-1-ol showed strong nematicidal activity. The essential oils and their described herein merit further study as potential nematicides against the pine wood nematode.

Plant essential oils from twenty plant species were tested for their insecticidal activity against larvae of Lycoriella ingenua using a fumigation bioassay. Good insecticidal activity (>90%) against larvae of L. ingenua was achieved with essential oils of caraway seed (Carum carvi), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), mandarine (Citrus reticulate), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), cade (Juniperus oxycedrus), spearmint (Mentha spicata), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and thyme red (Thymus vulgaris) oils at 30×10-3 mg/㎖ air. Among them, caraway seed, spearmint, cumin and thyme red essential oils were highly effective against L. ingenua at 20×10-3 mg/㎖ air. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to identification of 4, 9, 8 and 17 compounds from caraway seed, spearmint, cumin and thyme red oils, respectively. These compounds were tested individually for their insecticidal activities against larvae of L. ingenua, and compared to the toxicity of dichlorvos. Carvacrol, thymol, linalool, cuminaldehyde, p-cymen, terpinen-4-ol and carvone was effective at 10×10-3 mg/㎖. The insecticidal activity of dichlorvos was 60% at 10×10-3 mg/㎖. Effects of four selected plant essential oils on growth of Pleurotus ostreatus were also investigated.

The insecticidal potency of some essential oils have been suggested that they may find an application in the control of house dust mites. We compared the repellent effect of four essential oils ; lemon grass (Cymbopogon nardus), lavender(Lavandula vera), rosemary(Rosmarinus officinalis) and ylang ylang(Cananga odorata). The oils were exposed at different doses(0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.00652 ㎕/㎠) and different times(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours) on house dust mites(Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus). The repellent effects(%) of essential oils that were exposed at 0.1 ㎕/㎠ and for 1 hours against house dust mites were lemon grass(63.3%) and rosemary(61%), lavender(40%), ylang ylang(40%) in the order named.

Quality stability of the herb pill coated with edible oils containing rosemary was investigated. Herb pills were made of herb powders such as Panax ginseng, Cinnamomum cassia, Lycium chinense, Zyzyphus jujuba and Zingiber officinale. Rapeseed oil and lubriol were used as edible coating oil. After herb pills coated with edible oils with or without rosemary were stored at 40℃ for 180 days, the microbial viable cell counts and peroxide values(POV) of the herb pill were investigated. After 180 day storage, POVs of herb pills with only rapeseed oil or lubriol were 0.51 and 0.49 meq/kg, respectively. However, when rosemary was added in herb pills the POVs were decreased to 0.30 and 0.39 meq/kg, respectively. The addition of rosemary to the rapeseed oil and lubriol tended to decrease the microbial viable cell counts of the herb pill. The microbial viable cell counts of rapeseed oil and lubriol were 940 and 820CFU/g, respectively after 180 days of storage. However, these levels were suppressed to 720 and 640CFU/g by the resemary addition. On the other hand, the ginseng saponin content of herb pills was not affected by the rosemary addition during storage.

식물에서 얻어지는 정유의 한 성분으로 화학구조가 유사한 anethole, eugenol, isoeugenol, safrole 및 isosafrole이 위액분비 및 위운동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 위액분비는 rat를, 위운동은 비둘기를 이용하여 실험을 행하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 1% anethole을 rat의 체중 100g당 각각 , 및 의 비율로 복강내로 투여하였던 바, 6마리씩의 평균 위액분비량이 각각 , 및 로서 대조군에 비하여 각각 70.8%, 41.0% 및 12.2%의 위액분비 억제율을 나타내었다. 2. 1% eugenol을 rat의 체중 100g당 각각 , 및 의 비율로 복강내로 투여하였던 바, 6마리씩의 평균 위액분비량이 각각 , , 로서 대조군에 비하여 각각 77.9%, 39.1% 및 37.6%의 위액분비 억제율을 나타내었다. 3.1% isoeugenol을 rat의 체중 100g당 각각 , 및 의 비율로 복강내로 투여하였던 바, 6마리씩의 평균 위액분바량이 각각 , , 및 로서 대조군에 비하여 각각 53.6%, 46,0% 및 33.4%의 위액분비 억제율을 나타내었다. 4.1% safrole을 rat의 체중 100g당 각각 , 및 의 비율로 복강내로 투여하였던 바, 6마리씩의 평균 위액분바량이 각각 , , 및 로서 대조군에 비하여 각각 62.1%, 36.2% 및 13.0%의 위액분비 억제율을 나타내었다. 5.1%의 isosafrole을 rat의 체중 100g당 각각 , 및 의 비율로 복강내로 투여하였던 바, 6마리씩의 평균 위액분비량이 각각 , 및 로서 대조군에 비하여 각각 86.3%, 67.2% 및 38.6%의 위액분비 억제율을 나타내었다. 한편, 이들 다섯가지 정유들의 1% 유제용액을 각각 비둘기의 체중 100g당 를 복강내로 투여하였던 바, 정도의 차이는 있으나 모두 비둘기의 위운동을 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로서 이들 다섯가지 정유 모두는 rat의 위액분비를 억제하며, 비둘기의 위운동을 억제하는 작용이 있음을 알았다.

식물에서 얻어지는 정유의 한 성분으로 화학구조가 유사한 anethole, eugenol, isoeugenol, safrole 및 isosafrole이 토끼 적출장관 운동에 미치는 영향과 그 potency를 알아 보고 또 어떤 작용 양식에 의하여 이루어 지는가를 알아보고 carbachol, pilocarpine, barium chloride 및 histamine 등과의 상호작용을 검토하였던 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 화학구조가 유사한 다섯가지 정유들을 단독 투여하였던 바 각각 억제 정도에 차이는 있었으나 모두 토끼 적출장관 운동을 억제시켰으며 그 potency는 isoeugenol>isosafrole>eugenol>safrole>anethole의 순으로 그 값은 각각 4.22, 4.18, 4.17, 4.15 및 3.82이었다. 2. 실험에 사용한 정유 모두가 carbachol, pilocarpine, barium chloride 및 histamine에 의하여 수축된 장관을 이완시켰다. 3. Anethole에 의하여 이완된 장관은 carbachol, pilocarpine, barium chloride 및 histamine에 의하여 모두 투약전과 같은 상태로 회복하지 못하였으며 eugenol, isoeugenol, safrole 및 isosafrole에 의하여 이완된 장관은 carbachol, pilocarpine 및 barium chloride에 의하여는 투약전의 상태로 회복하였으나 histamine으로는 부분적인 회복을 나타내었다. 4. 이상의 결과로 보아서 실험에 사용한 정유들은 향신경성(neurotropic) 및 향근육성(musculotropic), 양쪽에 작용하여 토끼의 적출장관 운동을 억제시킨다고 생각된다.

The effects of essential oils on pH, pathogens, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in two poultry litters were investigated through a lab study. Essential oil-added poultry litters were randomly divided to two groups: control (200 g poultry litter) and Treatment (50 g thymol/Briefly, 200 g broiler litter was treated with or without 50 g thymol (Control and T1, respectively; 1 groups) and 200 g duck litter was treated with or without 50 g carvacrol (Control and T2, respectively; 2 group). Adding thymol to broiler litter increased the pH, reduced pathogens, and did not affect VFA. Interestingly, adding carvacrol slightly reduced the pH of duck litter, but had no significant effect on reducing pathogens and VFA. This difference is probably because the essential oil used and the properties of the two litters are different. In addition, pH was thought to control the odor generated from the litter, but this has not been proven. Further field studies should focus on clarifying this point.

Background : Brain waves are generated by the neurons in the brain. Many scientists fixed the electrodes of the electroencephalogram (EEG) on the scalp to record the signal expression of continuous cerebral activity. EEG is widely used in clinical diagnosis. It can be used to screen epilepsy, depression, ementia, stroke, encephalitis, ADHD and other brain diseases. Also, many local and foreign studies on aromatherapy focused on the discussion of human skin absorbing essential oils. This study discusses the level of relaxation efficacy of inhaled essential oils via the human olfactory organs. Thus, this study intended to observe the effects of essential oil of Aucklandiae Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma on EEG activity. Methods and Results : We evaluated the effects of essential oil of Aucklandiae Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma, on human EEG activity. For this purpose, essential oil was extracted from Aucklandiae Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma by the supercritical extraction method. The effect of its inhalation on EEG activity was evaluated by measuring the EEG power spectrum in 20 healthy participants. EEGs signals were recorded using QEEG-8 system (LAXTHA Inc., Daejeon, Korea) from 8 grounding electrodes. The subjects were instructed to sit quietly, close their eyes and to breathe normally during the measurement. The fragrance stimulus was dipped in a paper (14 ㎝2) then placed about 3 cm in front of the subject's nose. EEG was recorded before and during the fragrance exposure for 30 seconds. The mean power values (μV) calculated for fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis indicators. The results were as essential oils of Aucklandiae Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma decreased the overall brain relative theta (θ waves), but increased relative beta (β waves), absolute gamma (γ waves), spectral edge frequency (SEF) and spectral edge frequency 95% (SEF95). Conclusion : The changes in the EEG activities following inhalation of Aucklandiae Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma suggest that the oil can improve psychological well-being by increasing attention and relaxation.

In this study, essential oils were extracted from the leaf of Chamaecyparis obtusa (CLEO), indigenous toKorea, CLEO constituents were analysed, and the effects of CLEO on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airwayinflammation (AI) were investigated in Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. Terpenoid components amongidentified CLEO constituents made up more than 80%. The CLEO-treated group in comparison to the control groupshowed reduced AHR, the decrease of eosinophil number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), reduced specific anti-OVA IgE level in the serum, and a significant reduction in Th2 cytokines levels in the BALF with concentration. We con-cluded that CLEO have an alleviating effect on asthma-like symptoms such as AHR and AI. Further studies about antiasth-matic effect are necessary on the focus of single component of CLEO.