Water treatment process simulator is the tool for predicting sequential changes of water quality in a train of unit processes. This predicts the changes through governing equations that represent physicochemical performance of each unit processes with an initial and boundary conditions. Since there is no operational data for the design of a water treatment facility, there is no choice but to predict the performance of the facility by assuming initial and boundary conditions in virtual reality. Therefore, a simulator that can be applied in the design stage of a water treatment facility has no choice but to be built as a numerical analysis model of a deductive technique. In this study, we had conducted basic research on governing equations, inter-process data-flow, and simulator algorithms for the development of simulators. Lastly, this study will contribute to design engineering tool development research in the future by establishing the water treatment theory so that it can be programmed in a virtual world and suggesting a method for digital transformation of the water treatment process.
PURPOSES : This study was conducted to prevent road thinning ice caused by abnormal weather conditions.
METHODS : The appropriate amount of de-icer spread rate was verified by presenting the appropriate amount of snow removal agent spraying criteria for the thickness of the water film, owing to abnormal weather phenomena (fog, frost), and applying the standards to the site. Furthermore, we present a method to utilize residual salt, by quantifying the surface state changes according to the amount of deicer.
RESULTS : Precautionary spread experiments to prevent road thin ice caused by abnormal weather conditions, indicated no freezing from 7.6g/m2 at 2℃-4℃ but 11.1g/m2 was suggested as a step higher considering external environmental variables. The amount of spraying was presented in two sections of rainfall(freezing rain). It is 17.7g/m2 at 0-7℃, 33.3g/m2 at -7~ -15℃, and 44.4g/m2 and 51.1g/m2 at non-urban, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS : The criteria were divided into air temperature and road temperature standards, so that they could be distributed according to the temperature standards that meet the conditions, and the criteria presented were confirmed to be effective in preventing road thinning ice. If the road manager adopts Safety Line, which is suggested by utilizing the amount of residual salt on the road, it is believed that it can help determine the additional deicer.
이 연구의 목적은 「산림총서」 및 언론보도, 북한과학기술네트워크(http://www.nktech.net/) 등의 문헌자료를 이용하여 1960년부터 2019년까지 북한 산불의 시공간적 발생경향과 산불 분야 연구동향을 파악하는 것이다. 북한의 산불 발생이력은 2000년대를 기점으로 대외적으로 보고되기 시작하였으며, 산불 보도건수는 산림율과 정의 상관관계를, 인구밀도 및 산림황폐화율과는 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 시기적으로는 봄과 가을, 지역적으로는 동해안 지역에 산불이 집중되는 경향을 보였다. 동해안 지역에 산불 발생이 집중되는 이유는 높은 산림율과 낮은 인구밀도로 인해 감시와 통제에 자유로운 방화가 북한지역 산불의 주원인이 될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 산불 관련 논문은 2000년대를 기점으로 다수 발행되었으며, 김정은 집권시기에 가장 많은 논문이 발행되었다. 연도별 논문 발행편수는 산불 보도건수(n-3년 및 n-5년 이동평균)와 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, 산불 발생빈도가 증가함에 따라 산불이 사회적 문제로 확대되면서 관련 연구가 수행되었던 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 산불 분야의 남북 교류협력에 있어 산불 공동 관리·대응 역량 및 상호 협력체계를 발전시킬 수 있는 기초정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.