Aging of the fire organizations, typical disaster response agencies also will be in serious problems with aging society. It is expected that the ratio of more than fifties will reach 31~40% after 10~15 years in Seoul fire organization. This Aging of firefighters can bring about a serious problem in disaster and safety management, since firefighters require robust fitness and healthy bodies in disaster situations. In this study, after the analysis of aging status and trend of firefighters in Seoul, I have an empirical analysis about the impact this aging has on organization effectiveness and QA. As a result, the increase of the elderly reduced organization effectiveness and QA. In addition, in the group consisting of less than 50, it is expected to increase the organization's effectiveness and QA activities through field activity to improve the professional skills with age, but could not be confirmed. In the group consisting of more than fifties, it was found that aging had a significant negative impact on organizational effectiveness and QA activities as factors, including physical deterioration by aging.

This study is performed to determine the priorites of the evaluation factors for the improvement of fire emergency medical service by increasing it’s efficiency to protect the people’s lives effectively, and by recognizing it’s mid-long term development. Based on the output of the analysis, the critical evaluation factors of the fire emergency medical services to be improved shall be identified, and shall be intended to use strategically for increasing the efficiency of all the activity in the EMT service, and also for providing the basic date to product and manage the good quality services. To calculate the priority of the evaluation factor for each level as shown on this study, AHP(anaysis hierarchy process) with pairwise comparison method is applied. According to the priority analysis for the evaluation factors in main category (evaluation zone), ‘medical service professional aspect’ is recognized as highest one, and ‘service infrastructure aspect, ‘service management aspect’ are indicated in order. According to the priority analysis for the evaluation factors in evaluation index, ‘professional personal arrangement’ in the service infrastructure aspect, ‘appropriateness and timeliness of emergency medical care’ in the medical service professional aspect, and ‘clinical training’ in the service management aspect are respectively recognized as most important factors.

본 연구는 마케팅 관점에서 중국 진출 한국 기업의 현지 시장성과에 영향을 미치는 결정 요인으로 시장기반자산의 역할을 실증적으로 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이와 함께, 선행 연구에서 주장되고 있는 시장기반자산의 보완재적 특성을 검증하기 위해서 시장기반자산 요인 간의 상호작용 그리고 시장기반자산과 비(非)시장기반자산 간의 상호작용 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 본 연구는 중국 시장 진출 목적으로 진출한 153개 현지 법인을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 시장파트너 자산과 같은 시장기반자산이 중국 시장성과에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 더 흥미로운 결과로, 브랜드 자산과 시장파트너 자산 그리고 시장파트너 자산과 비시장기반자산 간의 상호작용 효과가 발견되었다. 본 연구 결과는 중국 시장에서의 시장기반자산의 중요성을 입증하는 동시에 선행 연구에서 지적되고 있는 시장기반자산의 보완재적 특성을 지지하는 결과이다.

본 연구는 교수의 연구 활동과 성과를 바탕으로 교수의 역량이 대학의 기술이 전 성과에 미치는 영향력 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해서 기술이전 경험이 있는 이공계 분야 교수 80명의 개별 데이터를 수집하여 논문 질적 수준, 특허활동, 정부지원 연구비 규모, 민간 연구비 규모, 임용 전 산업체 경력, 임용 후 경력, 연구팀 규모가 기술이전 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과로 대학에서 교수의 특허활동, 민간 연구비 규모, 교수 임용 후 경력이 기술이전에 영향을 주는 요인으로 분석되었다.

본 연구는 직무소진의 직무요구-자원모형을 바탕으로 직무요구, 그리고 거래적 리더십과 변혁적 리더십이 직무소진에 미치는 영향들, 그리고 이들의 상호작용항들이 직무소진에 미치는 영향을 실증하기 위해 중국에 진출한 한국기업에 근무하는 중국인 300명을 대상으로 실증조사를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 실증결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직무요구는 대체로 직무소진을 증가시킨다. 둘째, 거래적 리더십의 예외에 의한 관리만이 직무소진을 유의하게 증가시키고, 예외에 의한 관리는 직무요구와 직무소진간의 정(+)의 관계를 강화한다. 셋째, 변혁적 리더십의 모든 차원들은 직무소진을 유의하게 감소시킨다. 그러나 변혁적 리더십은 직무요구와 직무소진간의 관계를 강화시키거나 완화시키는 효과가 없었다. 이러한 분석결과는 기존 연구들에서 직무자원으로 널리 실증 연구된 상사의 사회적 지원 대신에 상사의 리더십 유형이 더 적절할 수 있음을 말해준다. 상사의 리더십 유형은 직무소진을 줄여주는 바람직한 상호작용패턴과 지양해야할 상호작용패턴을 모두 포괄할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하고, 본 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 급변하는 환경에 적응해야 하는 조직에서 자신의 감정과 다른 감정을 표현해야 되는 직무역할 때문에 새롭게 연구의 필요성이 제기 되고 있는 감정노동행동이 직무만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지와 이러한 관계에서 감성리더십과 임파워먼트의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이러한 연구 목적을 위해 부산 경남 지역 서비스업체 423명의 구성원을 대상으로 실증연구를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 종업원 감정노동행동의 하위차원인 기초내면행동과 고객관점 내면행동이 직무만족에 유의적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었지만, 기초표면행동, 심화표면행동, 고객응대 내면행동은 직무만족에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않고 있음을 검증하였다. 둘째, 감성리더십의 조절효과는 감정노동행동 하위차원 중 기초내면행동과 고객응대 내면행동이 직무만족에 미치는 영향력에 유의적인 조절효과가 있음을 검증하였다. 셋째, 임파워먼트의 조절효과는 감정노동행동 하위차원 중 심화표면행동, 고객응대 내면행동, 그리고 고객관점 내면행동이 직무만족에 미치는 영향력에 유의적인 조절효과가 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 감정노동행동의 하위차원들이 직무만족에 영향을 미치고 있는 모델을 제시하였다는 이론적시사점과 조직에서 감정노동행동을 하는 종업원들의 직무만족을 높이기 위해서는 감성리더십과 임파워먼트가 중요하다는 시사점을 제공한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계와 미래 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 중국기업의 직무만족도에 대한 가부장적 리더십․서구적 리더십․기업문화 및 조직지원인식의 영향, 가부장적 리더십․서구적 리더십․기업문화 등 독립변수가 매개변수인 조직지원인식을 통하여 직무만족도에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 실증 분석하였다. 첫째로 가부장적 리더십 중 인자형 리더십과 권위적 리더십은 직무만족도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째로 서구적 리더십 중 개별적 배려는 직무만족도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째로 기업문화 중 발전문화와 합리문화는 모두 직무만족도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째로 가부장적 리더십 중 인자형 리더십 및 도덕적 리더십은 모두 매개변수인 조직지원인식에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째로 서구적 리더십인 개별적 배려와 성과중시가 모두 매개변수인 조직지원인식에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째로 기업문화 중 발전문화는 0.01 수준에서 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나는 결과를 보여주었다. 일곱째로 매개변수가 종속변수에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 매개변수인 조직지원인식은 직무만족도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여덟째로 조직지원인식은 가부장적 리더십 중 인자형 리더십, 서구적 리더십 중 개별적 배려, 그리고 기업문화 중 발전문화가 직무만족도에 영향을 미침에 있어서 매개변수로 작용하는 결과를 보여주었다. 최근 1980년대 및 1990년대 출생자가 중국기업에서 초급관리자 및 중급관리자로 근무하기 시작하면서 자아에 대한 개념과 조직보다는 개인적 사고를 하는 조직구성원이 늘어나면서 이러한 조직구성원들이 구성원에 대한 중국기업조직의 약속과 몰입을 의미하는 조직지원인식을 어떻게 인식하는지, 또한 어떻게 조직구성원들로 하여금 이를 인식하게 할 것인지 고찰하는 것은 조직구성원의 직무만족도를 제고하기 위해 매우 중요하다고 생각된다.

The online word-of-mouth exert an growing influence on consumers, but how Internet word of mouth influences consumers' attitude and the purchase intention, this problem and its mechanism of action has not been fully researched yet. In this paper, the theory of word-of-mouth and the results of the existing system are proposed, and it contains three independent variables which influence the spread of word-of-mouth effects: the intensity of relationship, perceiving risk and the profession of transmitter. Moreover, an investigate was acted in the college students, the data was disposed with SPSS16.0 to describe statistical analysis and fitting degree evaluation. Based on the analysis of data, the customer relationship management. Suggestions and corresponding analysis are put forward.

Corporate reputation is a central source of strategic competitive advantage. So far, studies regarding this topic have solely focused on the measure’s level, disregarding heterogeneity in the ratings among constituents. This study reveals that dispersion of reputation judgments is another crucial information which has the power to drive firm value.

The origins of modern Consumerism can be traced back to the eighteenth century, whereby the concept ofconsumer societies began to flourish in the European block (Stearns, 2001).These were the economies that formed the hub of commercial activities, having had an access to the global products. Furthermore, post Second World War culminated into the ‗economy of abundance‘ as has been rightly suggested by Galbraith in his book ‗The affluent society‘, (1958). This affluence was the result of industrialization and technological revolution in United States and other developed countries that led to the mass production of goods and henceforth increased individuals‘standard of living. 21st century witnessed mushrooming growth in branded goods and consumer‘s aspiration to endlessly spend on luxury goods items. Since then there has been a continuous temptation on consumers end to spend extravagantly and acquire prestigious goods to appear more urbane, chic and sophisticated. Consumers choice of luxury brands is also considered as social indicators that also serve as an artifact for the reflection of their status, eminence and position in Society (Power and Hauge, 2008) Consumers incessant desire to spend on high end luxury brands such as Channel, Burberry, Gucci and Rolex have compelled researchers to understand the prime motivators and determinant factors that instigate consumer behavior towards branded goods. This paper seeks to understand the factors that influence consumer‘s selection of luxury brands in Pakistan and specifically those attributes on the basis of which different product categories are selected. The subsequent text reflects on the literature review related to consumer behavior towards conspicuous goods consumption with specific reference to luxury goods market in Asia and Pakistan.

This study is concerned with the extent to which network-oriented behaviors directly and/or indirectly affect firm performance. We posit that a firm’s interactive behaviors in relation to an embedded network structure are key mechanisms that facilitate the development of important organizational capabilities in dealing with business partners. Such network-oriented behaviors, which are aimed at affecting the position of a company in the network, are consequently important drivers of firm performance, rather than the network structure alone. We develop a conceptual model that captures network-oriented behaviors as a driving force of firm performance in relation to three other key organizational behaviors, i.e. customer-oriented, competitor-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors. We test the hypothesized model using a data set of 354 responses collected via an on-line questionnaire from UK managers, whose organizations operate in business-to-business markets in either manufacturing or services sectors. Based on the research results all the hypothesized relationships are supported, except the moderation effect of technological turbulence on the relationship of network-oriented behaviors and relationship portfolio effectiveness. The research results indicate that a firm’s network-oriented behaviors positively impact on the development of customer-oriented and competitor-oriented behaviors. They also foster relationship coordination with its important business partners within the network. In addition, the effective management of the firm’s portfolio of relationships is found to mediate the positive impact of network-oriented behaviors on firm profitability.

This paper investigates how promotions of knowledge and social embeddness shape consumers’ participation in sustainable consumption. An extended model of goal-directed behaviour is tested under airline consumers who have participated in voluntary carbon offset (VCO) program. Results show consumer’s knowledge positively influences their subjective norm but not their attitude towards participation of VCO. Increasing consumers’ sense of social embeddedness is also found to be crucial in forming subjective norm and their attitude. Finally, positive anticipated emotion influences consumers’ desire to participate in VCO, while negative anticipated emotion did not. The findings of this research reveal how interactive promotions influence individual’s internal processes for sustainable consumption, as well as highlight the need for different emotional elicitation strategies for different sustainability programs.

Despite the recent economic downturn, the worldwide sales of luxury fashion brands have increased. The luxury fashion market may have become more profitable and yet, at the same time, more competitive. The relationship between consumers and a luxury fashion brand is the type of relation that starts with an affinity towards a particular brand name and is manifested through the purchase of the goods (Okonkwo 2007).Luxury consumption generally involves purchasing luxury products and brands which can symbolise luxury values to an individual. Even though luxury consumption has always been associated with prestige-seeking behaviour, it goes beyond that. Consumers nowadays are looking for luxury brands and goods that are able to fulfil their own functional and emotional values or, specifically, perceived luxury values. Advertising is essential in selling luxury brands and most luxury brands are willing to invest in advertising. One of the main objectives of luxury brand advertising is to help consumers develop a good understanding of the perceived values that luxury brands can offer as compared to non-luxury brands. Only after perceived luxury values are well understood, will consumers be persuaded to purchase the brands. Luxury fashion brands are one of the most profitable and fastest-growing luxury sectors, yet at the same time most researchers tend to agree that the value perceptions associated with luxury fashion brands are poorly understood and under-investigated. Values in general can be regarded as beliefs that guide the selection or evaluation of desirable behaviours or end states (Schultz & Zelezny 1999). Luxury values explain why consumers desire and purchase one luxury brand rather than another. This is because luxury values associated with a specific luxury fashion brand influences consumers’ preference over another brand. There is a wealth of models for perceived luxury values and many researchers have attempted to measure perceived luxury values. Previous research has revealed that luxury values may consist of multiple dimensions. For example, luxury values may involve exclusivity, perceived quality, brand awareness and brand identity (Phau & Prendergast 2000). Vigneron & Johnson (2004) proposed five perceived luxury values which comprise conspicuous value, uniqueness value, quality value, hedonic value, and extended self-value. Subsequent to the study done by Vigneron & Johnson (2004), Wiedmann, Hennigs & Siebels (2007) extended and summarised nine perceived luxury values in relation to luxury fashion brand consumption which are: price value, usability value, quality value, uniqueness value, self-identity value, hedonic value, materialistic value, conspicuousness value and prestige value.Gender, in particular, has not been carefully examined in the luxury context. Since many luxury fashion brands are purchased as gifts for the opposite gender, good understandings of the gender differences in perceptions towards key luxury values becomes essential in this luxury market. Extended from Wiedmann et al.’s study (2007) and using a two (male and female endorser) by two (male and female consumer) factorial and quasi-experimental design, this study examines the impact of gender on consumer responses to seven key luxury values, including the appearance, quality, uniqueness, materialistic, hedonic, conspicuous, and prestige value. The sample included more than three hundred young consumers in Australia. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the validity and reliability of each value construct. T-tests were conducted to examine the difference between the male and female consumers with regards to each of the luxury value. The study found that, when exposed to the male-endorser advertisement, male and female consumers have significant different perceptions towards only three key luxury values including appearance, hedonic and prestige value. However, when exposed to the female-endorser advertisement, male and female consumers have different perceptions on all of the key values examined except the materialistic and quality value. The results reveal that gender is a key consideration in luxury brand marketing, particularly in the context of new luxury brand advertising. On one hand, the same advertisement may lead to different consumer perceptions on the luxury values of the advertised brand. On the other hand, some key perceived values (such as quality or materialistic) may not be influenced by gender (neither the gender of the endorser or the consumer). The findings of this study are important as they enable luxury marketers to understand the impact of gender in luxury brand marketing. The implications go beyond luxury fashion brands to other sectors of the luxury market.

This study tried to propose plan to prevent human error of railroad driver among human error of railroad worker which takes great share in railroad accident. For this, in order to maintain correlation between the accident actually occurred after the opening of high-speed railroad and experience of accident that did not happened, survey on respondent was analyzed by conducting survey on KTX captain who is working in driving work of high-speed railroad, and instruction management team manager who manages KTX captain and captain. This thesis classified the factors by human factor, job factor, environment factor, organization factor, and established human error management model by comparing and analyzing how each factors have spatial interrelations with a railroad accident. The purpose of this study is to contribute to make safe railroad, and reliable railroad by preventing human error accident by minimizing human error of high-speed railroad drivers, and improving driving workers to cope accurately and fast with irregularities through various institutional improvement, improvement of driving facilities, improvement of operating room environment, and improvement of education system.

As Crosby notes, the most companies spend 15 to 20% of their sales dollars on quality costs. Generally the most effective way to manage quality costs is to avoid having defects in the first place. In this paper we have studied about the repair(service) problem of domestic gas boiler within warranty period. We develop a system, which man could find the cause of the problem at an early stage and could devise a countermove to the problem under supposing that the service(repair) rate follows exponential distribution and the product is manufactured lot-for-lot continually. Using the developed early sensing system. it is expected to improve the reliability of the product, to save expenses of company and to improve customer’s satisfaction. And the system will be expended to incorporate information technology, which can detect the repair rate automatically.

In order to promote social responsibility, a company reads to engage in various activities to increase their competitiveness to ensure stable and continuous development. One of the activities is to input human/material resources in order to draw and develop the core abilities of member for the productivity improvement of the company. This study is concerned with capability improvement of members in relation to core company performance, the focus of the study is to identify how education training in a company may contribute to team performance by leaning transfer through empirical study. As a result of this study, it was found that the personality of members, as well as the training programs, within the company can be a significant factor for improving productivity and performance of the company. In addition, team members noted that learning transfer take place when effectively lead through the leadership of a boss and identified that this leadership ultimately has a significant effect on team performance.

By means of the model competition, this research analyzed the factor of patient management, the factor of policy support, and the factor of medical treatment system. Concretely, the factor of policy support forms a positive effects on the factor of medical treatment system. Practically, well-established healthcare policy provide and facilitate the effective medical treatment system. of the hospital. And, in the effective medical treatment system, hospitals try to develop the patient management of the chronic disease. From the empirical research, this paper concluded that the factor of medical treatment system. mediated by the factor of policy support. Also, the factor of medical treatment system promotes the development of patient management in the chronic disease.

The psychiatric patients as subjects were categorized herein into disease- and accident-triggered groups to statistically compare them with each other in terms of various comparative items. At a result, male patients were more dominant than females and physical workers were outnumbered by mental workers in the two groups. Also, patients were more apparent at workplaces with at least 100 employees than the ones with less than 100 employees, and patients whose employment period is at least one year were more vulnerable to stress-related mental disorders than the ones whose employment period falls short of one year. The foregoing findings suggest that there is a need to take preventive measures considering vulnerable aspects in terms of mental disorders.

최근 정보통신기술이 급속하게 발전함에 따라 산업사회에서 디지털사회로 전환되었으며 최근 스마트사회로 변화 되어가고 있다. 이러한 변화에 발맞추어 모바일기기의 다양한 콘텐츠에 대한 저작권보호 침해를 사전에 예방 하는 것을 고려하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 인터넷과 함께 다양한 업이 내장된 모바일기기를 활용함으로써 학습관 련활동의 목적으로 편리하게 다양한 정보에 접속할 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 통합기술수용이론인 UTAUT(The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) 모형을 개념적 틀(Conceptual Frame)로 이용하여 모바일학습의 이용행동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검증하고자 한다. 아울러 모바일학습 이용자의 개인적인 특성인 혁신성향의 정도에 따라 위의 핵심 영향요인들이 모바일학습의 이용의도에 미치는 영향에서 유의한 차이가 있는지를 규명하고자 한다. 본 언구의 결과를 요약하면 인지된 이동성의 가치，성과에 대한 기대，사회적 영향 및 촉진조건요인들은 모바일 학습 이용의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 사용의 용이성 및 자기주도 학습관리 요인은 이용의도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 개인적 혁신성의 조절효과의 분석결과 성과에 대한 기대요인만이 모바일학습의 이용의도와의 관계에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.