When the number of items of same type of industrial property is quite large, calculating depreciation for a group of such item may be more efficient than depreciating each item separately. Also, predicting the service life of a specific individual unit is very difficult to do with any degree of accuracy. Estimating the probable average service life (PASL) of many units (or dollars) is not an easy task; however, an average life of many units can probably be predicted with a much higher degree of accuracy than the life of some particular unit. Using the average of many units allows for some units having relatively short lives and some units having relatively long lives without specifying whether a particular unit will have a short or a long life. If the life of each vintage in an account are not estimated, then the broad group procedure can be used. The broad group procedure depreciates the several vintage in an account as a single group. The PASL for this procedure is the estimate of the average of lives of the individual dollars in the group. If the estimated PASL’s of the vintages are not the same, then a weighted average PASL would have to be calculated for each calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of accrual rates and the annual depreciation charge for each of the calendar years by the broad group depreciation procedure.

In case of many products placed on the production line in automobile production, some line is personnel visually identifiable, such as CCTV, while the rest areas is not identifiable. However, because the position of accidents is not scheduled and every accidents should be analyzed at every point, every accidents is not easy because you need to an immediate response. The record cause of the accident is difficult to understand, not until after the accident for the accident cause analysis of fragmentary and mechanical information so that future accidents have difficulty measures be established. To prevent this, the car accident occurred in the manufacturing plant personnel to deploy and monitor in every area of enterprise is too burdensome labor costs too high. In this study, automated car production plant and load transfer system crash, accident collision and records are available for real-time wireless transmission, the administrator determines that situation can be immediately developed the electronic mono rail system(EMS). You will start to develop the control of EMS and stop control is critical for the correct parts first perform CAE analysis to develop a prototype.

The seismic evaluation of electric power facilities in the switchyard of nuclear power plants is currently insufficient. In order to evaluate the seismic performance of lightning arrester subjected to four types of earthquake (near- and far-fault earthquakes, NEHRP Site Class A&B and D earthquakes), seismic fragility analysis using maximum likelihood estimation is performed considering various damage states. The comparison of the seismic fragility curves for three main parts of lightning arrester that are the busing, anchor and steel frame, reveals that the failure of lightning arrester is governed by the bushing damage mode such as porcelain cracking.

In recent years, accident induced by human error is increasing in the chemical plant. Human error analysis of the chemical plant was conducted on the basis of past accident. Some company called by A for the basis of a chemical accident. Factor analysis of human errors was separated in plant operation and work. Agency's work of occupational safety & health was classified into four types. It is based on the work before, during work, recovery work, and discontinue work. It was still separated work of human error by analysis and then was derived factor and issue. The human error factor and priority for accident prevention in the chemical plant is presented.

자동차 생산공장 내에서 생산되어진 여러 제품들을 이송시키는 경우 생산라인에 인원배치가 되어있어 육안으로 확인 가능한 생산라인 부분 혹은 CCTV 등으로 확인이 가능한 지역이 있는 반면 확인 불가능한 지역도 있다. 전자의 경우는 사고처리가 비교적 편하지만 만약 육안으로 확인 불가능한 곳에서 사고가 일어난다면 사고 발생 후 라인이 정지된 상태에서 비로소 확인이 가능하고 원인분석 등의 대응에 도입이 가능하다. 금강오토텍에서는 이번 현장맞춤형 기술개발 사업을 통해 자동차 생산공장 내 자동화 운반물 이송 시스템의 돌발적인 충돌 및 적재물 추락 사고에 대한 자체 기록이 가능하고, 실시간 무선 송신으로 관리자가 상황을 즉각적으로 판단할 수 있게 하는 자동이송 전차를 개발 계획 중이다. 이를 위해 이송전차에 탑재 가능한 소리 및 충격 센서와 실시간 영상기록장치, 영상을 보내주는 무선 송신기를 개발, 설치해 상기 문제점을 해결하려 한다.

In the case of the fire to the exterior of the building through openings, the openings of the adjacent building are exposed to the risk of combustion expanding and factors that affect the combustion in the radiant heat and direct flame. Recent five years, fire of the adjacent building indicated that incidence of the 5,134(2.27%) among total 225,934 cases occurred The damage scale of fire expanded was lower than in a single building but casualties(5.46%) and property(25.0%) damage were higher. Therefore, this study provides to analyze the operating status for fire protection equipment of fire-preventing area in the Seoul and to apply measures to improve fire protection equipment according to narrow the distance between the building openings studied.

Several different depreciation systems may be used for group depreciation. The vintage group procedure treats the same type of property placed in service during the same year as a distinct group for depreciation purposes; therefore an estimate of the probable average service life and net salvage ratio(s) of each individual vintage is necessary. The vintage group procedure calculates an accrual rate for each vintage and the accrual rate for an account for specific calendar year is the weighted average vintage accrual rate for that calendar year. A further refinement would be to divide each vintage into groups such that all of the dollars in a group have the same estimated life-an equal life group (ELG). Then each ELG is depreciated over its estimated life. The effect is to recover each dollar over the estimated number of years it is in service. Each vintage is divided into several equal life groups (ELGs) such that all the property in a specific ELG has the same estimated life. The accrual rate for each ELG is based on the estimated life of that ELG. The vintage accrual rate for a specific year is the weighted average ELG accrual rate for that calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of vintage accrual rates for each of the calendar years by the ELG depreciation systems.

Electrical Moving system(EMS)은 제조업(주로 자동차 생산공장 및 전자제품 생산공장, 식품공장 등) 생산공장에서 사용되는 무인 자동화 운반설비를 말한다. 지금으로부터 200년전 James Ford가 개발했던 공장자동화의 역사는 산업혁명을 거치면서 발전을 거듭하였으며 최근에는 작업자의 안전 및 돌발적 사고로 인한 생산성 급감이 생산공장에서는 중요한 이슈로 떠오르고 있으며, 이를 보완하기 위한 기존 시스템의 운반설비 시스템에 더욱 스마트한 기능을 더한 자동화설비에 대한 필요성이 증대되었다. 이를 위해 먼저 현재 생산중인 제어부 전차반의 크기를 기존 대비 30 % 정도 compact하게 재설계하여 소형화함으로써 사고를 줄이며 스마트한 기능은 더욱 증대시킨 제어부 표준전차반 제작을 실시하고자 한다.

자동차 생산공장 내에서 생산되어진 여러 제품들을 이송시키는 경우 생산라인에 인원배치가 되어있어 육안으로 확인 가능한 생산라인 부분 혹은 CCTV 등으로 확인이 가능한 지역이 있는 반면 확인 불가능한 지역도 있다. 전자의 경우는 사고처리가 비교적 편하지만 만약 육안으로 확인 불가능한 곳에서 사고가 일어난다면 사고 발생 후 라인이 정지된 상태에서 비로소 확인이 가능하고 원인분석 등의 대응에 도입이 가능하다. 금강오토텍에서는 이번 현장맞춤형 기술개발 사업을 통해 자동차 생산공장 내 자동화 운반물 이송 시스템의 돌발적인 충돌 및 적재물 추락 사고에 대한 자체 기록이 가능하고, 실시간 무선 송신으로 관리자가 상황을 즉각적으로 판단할 수 있게 하는 자동이송 전차를 개발 계획 중이다. 이를 위해 이송전차에 탑재 가능한 소리 및 충격 센서와 실시간 영상기록장치, 영상을 보내주는 무선 송신기를 개발, 설치해 상기 문제점을 해결하려 한다.

Self-Inspection is being used in the workplace hazardous, dangerous machinery and equipment to build capacity for the voluntary safety risks due to use of machinery and prevention of industrial accidents that inspect facilities for safety issues, is to check. However, December 31, 2008 as part of Article 36 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (safety inspection), the financial vanish as the self-test, Safety inspection program has been changed., In each individual workplace that creates its own standards and regulations to use the existing inspection system is in some cases. This study is located in the southeast industrial complex as a risk reducer manufacturer, machine-based target zones in S Corp owns most of the crane based on the results of the tests is to analyze the problem. Then check the results - to bring its measures and information you need to know for sure is to propose.

The demand for facility used in producing multi-products is changed dynamically for discrete and finite time periods. The excess or the shortage for facility is occurred according to difference of the facility capacity size and demand for facility through given time periods. The shortage facility is met through the outsourcing production. The excess facility cost is considered for the periods that the facility capacity is greater than the demand for the facility, and the outsourcing production cost is considered for the periods that the demand for facility is greater than the facility capacity. This paper addresses to determine the facility capacity size, outsourcing production products and amount that minimizes the sum of the facility capacity cost, the excess facility cost and the outsourcing production cost. The characteristics of the optimal solution are analyzed, and an algorithm applying them is developed. A numerical example is shown to explain the problem.

기업의 건물 및 설비에 대한 에너지 절감의 방법을 9단계로 제시하였다. 인류에게 직면한 에너지 절감의 문제는 지혜로운 사람이나 조직에게는 새로운 기회를 제시할 것이다. 에너지 절감의 방안 사무실이나 가정 등 모든 곳에서 실시할 수 있다. 낭비적 인 에너지 사용을 파악하여 줄여나가게 되면 에너지 원가뿐만 아니라 경쟁력 있는 원 가를 확보하게 되어 이익향상에도 바로 연결될 것이다.

Dispersion characteristics of respiratory droplets are important in controlling transmission of airborne diseases indoors. This study investigated the spatial concentration distribution and temporal evolution of exhaled and sneezed/coughed droplets in a ventilated hospital ward. The viability function of airborne bacteria was experimentally determined and encorporated into an air infection model with calculated results to estimate exposures and infection probability to the bacteria. The diffusion, gravitational settling and deposition mechanism of particulate matter were accounted by using an Eulerian modeling approach. The simulation results indicated that the ventilation flow was found to play a significant role in aerosol transport, leading to different spatial distribution patterns in infection droplet. The smaller size of infection droplet caused higher chance of ventilation from the outlet. The possibility of the proposed exposure estimation into the dose–response model for infection risk assessment was discussed. The infection probability is broadly different from 10^-6 to 7.2% by receptor's position and location and size of infection droplet conditions.

Plant safety management that is enforcing introducing more than 95% in domestic manufacturing industry is using total plant efficiency by the evaluation index, and as a result, can see a lot of examples that plant productivity, economy and safety is increased. The efficient safety estimation for a business should analyze an accident data by considering every possible and potential factor. This study's purpose centers plant safety management activities that is management system for plant production and safety efficiency's maximization, plant evaluation system that plant safety management activities factor(reliability, maitainability, safety, service quality) that is enforcing in manufacturing industry can develop evaluation model that can evaluate qualitative activities by quantitative activities in process that maximize plant safety management wishes to do design.

Because recently(July 14, 2011) fire occurred in the engine room of a moving taxi under Namsan Tunnel 1, 51 vehicles' driver and more than 250 passengers in the road tunnel were urgently evacuated with abandoned vehicles. Vehicle fires in Namsan Tunnel that day, Sufferers struggled to escape quickly difficult to escape the two-way by abandoned vehicles on the road and to fear many casualties by using vehicle fuel and combustible interior and the driver who is ignorant of vehicle accident continuous entered in the road tunnel had accessibility the site of fire department was more difficult. In this study, It is to investigate structure and basic materials, such as fire extinguish equipment and facilities for damage prevention and to analyze the problems and to plan improvement method of fire extinguish equipment, facilities for damage prevention and transportation facilities(Large traffic signs, Breaker, etc.) on the Namsan Tunnel that in the long-term plan is prepared to strengthen for accessibility of the site of fire department in case of Vehicle's fire.

본 연구에서는 진동대 실험을 통한 수계형 소화설비의 내진성능평가를 실시하였다. 실험에 사용된 수계형 소화설비 시설에는 일반 배관, 내진형 배관, 펌프 등 이다. 그리고 수계형 소화설비 시설의 동적거통특성을 파악하기 위하여 El-Centro 지진파 50%,70%, 100%, 120% 수준의 가진을 가하였다. 그 결과, 내진형 설비보다 일반형 설비에서 변위 응답과 가속도 응답이 큰 것으로 보아내진형 설비가 일반설비에 비해 내진성능이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 가진 수준별 가속도 응답스펙트럼을 통하여 일반형시설과 내진형 시설의 성능 평가뿐만 아니라 작은 규모의 지진에서도 일반형 설비의 파괴가 일어날 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본연구를 통해 수계 소화설비의 내진성능을 평가 할 수 있었고 수계 소화설비의 내진성능 기준을 검증할 수 있었다.

기업에서의 설비 대체에 관한 의사결정의 사례로서 구형설비를 신형설비로 대체함으로써 비용절감이 있음을 분석한다.