In general, reliability of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) depends on pairwise comparison of evaluators. In addition, human judgment on the importance of alternatives or criteria is always imprecise and vague. To cope with these shortcomings, Fuzzy AHP

본 연구에서는 안경과 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 근시 군을 NPA방법 (Near Point of Accommodation) 과 Minus lens 기법을 사용하여 조절력 측정의 신뢰성에 대하여 연 구하였다. 안경과 콘택트렌즈 착용군 사이의 상관관계는 NPA의 경우 44%(R = 0.44, P 二O.어452) 로 나타났고， Minus lens 기 법 의 경 우 85%(R = 0.85, P < 0.0001) 로 나타났다. 또한 굴 절이상도가 증가할수록 상관관계가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 근시안에서 안경과 비교하여 콘택트렌즈 착용이 프리즘 영향을 받지 않아 폭주 부담을 많이 갖고 있기 때문으로 생각된다. 따라서 Minus lens 검사법이 안경 과 콘택트렌즈 착용자간의 조절력 측정 오차를 줄일 수 있는 정확한 검사법이라 사 료된다.

The purposes of this study were 1) to analyze the correlation between Word-of-Mouth(WOM) message sender credibility and WOM effect and 2) to analyze the differences of WOM message sender creadibility and WOM effect in off-line and on-line WOM communication. The messages were created as a form of scenario for this study. Respondents were asked to evaluate the message sender credibility and predict WOM behaviors after reading given scenario. The questionnaires were distributed to 200 customers and a total of 175 questionnaires were used for analysis(87.5%). The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Win(12.0) for descriptive analysis, paired t-test, factor analysis, correlation analysis. The positive off-line WOM message sender was considered as more credible(p<.001) than on-line WOM message sender. 'Message sender credibility' is correlated with 'attitude formation' in both channels, but 'reliable' factor of 'credibility' variable is not significantly correlated with 'attitude change'.

This paper is to derive three reliability and eight maintainability measures after organizing total time. I propose inherent availability,.achieved availability and operational availability with the new and useful reliability and maintainability measures above. Especially, inherent availability measure extends the repairable system reliability models.

Three general algorithms for evaluating the reliability for complex bridge system are proposed. These methods, such as Keystone, Boolean, Network algorithms are powerful and effective to derive an reliability expression for many practical complex systems. The combination approach of RBD and FTA proposed in this paper provides an effective way to evaluate the functional dependency for applications of FMEA.

This paper is to propose tolerance intervals for expected time at the given reliability and confidence level for continuous and discrete reliability model. We consider guaranteed - coverage tolerance intervals, that is, reliability - confidence level tolerance intervals. These proposed methodologies can be applied to any industrial application where the customer's operating specification require a high level of reliability.

Recently, the reliability are applied for many industrial products, and many products are required to guarantee in quality and in performance. The purpose of this paper is to present some of reliability prediction methodologies using failure rate database

목적 : Wolf Motor Function Test는 상지와 손기능 검사를 위해서 개발된 도구이며 국외에서는 이미 타당도와 신뢰도 연구가 이루어져 널리 쓰이고 있고 이러한 WMFT를 한글화하여 그 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증함으로써 상지 및 손기능 장애의 평가와 재활의 기초선을 마련코자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상은 뇌졸중 발병 6개월 이상된 성인 편마비 환자로 평균 연령 54.45세의 남자 12명, 여자8명을 대상으로 검사를 실시했으며 이들은 기능성 정신질환이나 기질성 정신질환이 없는 환자이며 오른쪽 마비12명, 왼쪽 마비 8명으로 모든 환자의 우세손은 우측이었다. 본 검사를 위해 1명의 작업치료사와 1명의 재활의학과 전문의에 의해 번역 작업이 완성 되었으며 3년 이상의 임상 경험을 가진 1명의 작업치료사에 의해 밝고 조용한 평가실에서 20명의 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 검사를 실시하였다. 타당도 검증을 위해 이미 신뢰성 및 타당도가 입증된 Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)를 이용하였으며 WMFT를 이용해 수행시간과 기능 점수를 평가하였다. 결과 : 한글판 WMFT의 타당도를 평가하기 위하여 FMA와 비교한 결과 수행시간의 Pearson 상관계수는 -0.80, 기능적 점수와의 상관계수는 0.94로 둘 다 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.001). 한글판 WMFT의 Cronbach’s alpha 계수는 수행시간에서 0.92, 기능적 점수에서 0.96으로 높은 내적 일치도를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 한글판 WMFT의 타당도와 신뢰도가 검증되어 국내 뇌졸중 환자의 재활치료의 효과를 알아 볼 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 재활치료의 효과 측정과 더불어 상지와 손기능 장애의 평가에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 거라고 생각된다.

Observational methods to evaluate postural load have an intrinsic week point that is the problem of reliability in observing postures subjectively, although they have been widely used in assessing risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the industry. In this study, observational reliability was discussed based on reviewing several previous studies. Practical guidelines was presented to reduce the observational errors when using video recording for the assessment of risk factors. In addition, previous studies on observational reliability were summarized and analyzed according to body parts to be observed, media for observation, objective measures, analysis, statistics, etc. It is expected that this basic study can be used to increase the applicability and accuracy of the observational methods.

Even though performance-based language tests are often multivariate by design, previous validation studies have analyzed the dependability of ratings of such tests within univariate analytic frameworks. In an attempt to address this limitation, the present study investigated the dependability of judgements made based on ratings of a German speaking test using a multivariate generalizabilitiy theory (MGT) analysis. Data obtained from 88 students were analyzed in G- and D-studies of a two-facet crossed design. A D-study with two raters and two tasks supported the high dependability of the ratings and the placement decisions made at the pre-determined cut scores. An optimization analysis of the measurement procedure suggested that the desired level of dependability of ratings has already been achieved by the use of two raters and two tasks. The MGT analysis also generated other useful information about the convergent/ discriminant validity of the five subscales. Specifically, the universe score variance-covariance matrix obtained from the D-study showed that the underlying subscales were interrelated but distinct. Furthermore, the analysis of effective weights of the scales revealed that the Grammar subscale played the dominant role in the composite universe score variance.

This paper is intended to assess a dynamic system reliability. Bayesian networks, however, have difficulties in their application for assessing the system reliability especially when the system consists of dependent components and the probability of failu

Supplier selection and evaluation are arguably one of the most critical functions for the success of an organization. Thus companies have increasingly considered better supplier selection approaches in order to attain the goals of low cost, consistent high quality, flexibility and quick response. In this paper, we present a measure of the overall reliability performance which is a weighted mean of the process capability indices of the reliability prediction characteristics of a supplier. This measure can be used both as a measure of supplier selection for the customer and as a measure for the self-diagnosis of the reliability prediction performance for the supplier.

대동작 운동 수행능력 측정도구(GMPM)는 뇌성마비 아동의 움직임을 질적인 면에서 평가하기 위해 개발된 도구이다. 이 연구의 목적은 대동작 운동 수행능력 측정도구의 측정자간 신뢰도를 알아보는 것이다. 뇌성마비 아동 10명(평균 5.6세, 범위 4~8세)에게 GMPM 평가를 실시하였다. 평가 과정을 비디오로 녹화하여 각 속성 항목별로 3명의 평가자간의 급간내 상관계수로 일치도를 보았다. 전반적으로 측정자간 신뢰도는 '불량~보통'범주에 속했다. 이 연구의

As part of a hierarchical production control system, a policy is proposed for the admittance for new parts to a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) together with two different heuristics for dynamic routing of parts. The heuristics that consider the process plan's flexibility with respect to machines and operations are based upon operating time and machine reliability. To quantify flexibility, it is developed a priority type of the measurement considering machine's reliability that incorporates all the job and machine characteristics that contribute to routing flexibility. HUR which considers machine reliability is applied to drive some simulated systems and compared with the HUS using SPT rule. It is found that HUR outperforms HUS using SPT in terms of makespan and machine utilization.

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative accuracy of a range of computer-based analysis with respect to EMG onset determined visually by an experienced examiner. Ten healthy students (6 male, 4 female) were recruited and three times randomly selected trials of isometric contraction of wrist flexion and extension were evaluated using four technique. These methods were compared which varied in terms of EMG processing, threshold value and the number of samples for which the mean must exceed the defined threshold, and beyond 7% of maximum amplitude. To identify determination of onset time, ICCs(Intraclass Correlation Coefficients) was used and inter-rater arid intra-rater reliability ranged good in visually derived onset values. The results of this study present that in wrist flexion and extension, the reliability of the inter and intra-examiner muscle contraction onset times through visual analysis showed beyond .971 with ICCs. The reliability of the muscle contraction onset time decision through visual reading, tested with computer analysis, showed a relationship of all the selected analysis methods with ICCs .859 and .871. The objective computer-based analysis comparing with visual reading at the same time is the effective and qualitative data analysis method, considering the specificity of each study method.

이 연구의 목적은 마인드 맵의 채점 기준을 개발하는 것이다. 이 연구에는 평택시 소재 한 초등학교 4학년 2개 학급 학생들이 참여하였다. 학생들은 마인드 맵 작성 기초 훈련을 받고, 과학 단원 2개를 배우는 동안 마인드 맵 4개를 작성하였다. 마인드 맵을 채점하기 위해서 채점기준을 개발하였다. 채점기준의 채점자간 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 표집한 마인드 맵을 초등 현직 교사 3인이 채점하고, 채점자간 상관계수를 산출하였다. 연구 결과 중심원, 가지, 표현의 세 영역으로 구성된 마인드 맵 채점 기준을 개발하였다. 채점 기준의 신뢰도는 높음에서 매우 높음의 범위를 보였다.

This paper deals with developing a Web-based Solver NRO(Network Reliability Optimizer) for solving three classes of reliability redundancy optimization problems which are generated in series systems. parallel systems and complex systems. Inputs of NRO consisted in four parts. that is, user authentication. system selection. input data and confirmation. After processing of inputs through internet, NRO provides conveniently the optimal solutions for the given problems on the Web-site. To alleviate the risks of being trapped in a local optimum, HH(Hybrid-Heuristic) algorithm is incorporated in NRO for solving the given three classes of problems, and moderately combined GA(Genetic Algorithm) with the modified SA(Simulated Annealing) algorithm.

The purpose of this study was to establish reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale (TAS) translated into Korean in patients with stroke. The TAS consists of resting posture, response to passive movement, and associated reaction to active effort. Fifteen patients (14 males, 1 female) were examined by two raters. Surface electromyography (EMG) data at elbow flexor muscle and joint excursion were collected from 6 patients. To identify the correlation between muscle activity and angular changes of elbow muscle, Pearson product moment correlation was used. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the TAS ranged from very good to good (K/Kw=.61~1.00 for intra-rater and K/Kw=.73~1.00 for intra-rater comparisons) in the sections of resting posture and associated reaction. However, in the section of response to passive movement, the reliability coefficients ranged from very good to fair (Kw=.29~1.00). In the 11th item, correlation between EMG ratio of elbow flexor and angular changes of elbow joint showed statistically strong positive relationship (r=.94, p<.05). These results indicate that the TAS is selectively reliable in the sections of resting posture and associated reaction.