In this paper, the hybrid prefabricated retrofit method is suggested and examined. Six specimens were manufactured in order to evaluate their flexural performance of RC beams. Test parameters include the added beam depth, the thickness of bottom plate, the number of the steel plate with openings. The effects of these parameters on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams were examined. The load-deflection behavior and modes of cracks are presented from the test results. At the test result, the flexural capacity and the ductility of the hybrid prefabricated retrofit method was increased satbly. Also, comparing the flexural performance of RC beam and retrofitted RC beams, it was increased that the flexural strength is about 3.3 times, the ductility is about 2.55 times, and energy dissipation capacity is about 7.34 times.

In this study, four types of water-heavy fuel oil hybrid emulsion oil were manufactured depending on the moisture content ratio in order to reduce exhaust emissions of heavy fuel oil(Bunder-C), which is necessarily used in vessels, power plants and boilers. The components of the manufactured emulsion oil were analyzed using the ISO standard testing method. The analysis result showed that in the EM25 fuel with a maximum moisture content ratio of 25.0%, the moisture content was 25.0%, the sulphur content was 0.20%, the kinematic viscosity was 144.8mm2/s, the specific gravity was 0.9382, and the flash point was 100 Celsius degrees or above.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals have attracted a lot of attention owing to their excellent optical properties such as high absorption coefficient, high diffusion length, and photoluminescence quantum yield in optoelectronic applications. Despite the many advantages of optoelectronic materials, understanding on how these materials interact with their environments is still lacking. In this study, the fluorescence properties of methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3, MAPbBr3) nanoparticles are investigated for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aliphatic amines (monoethylamine, diethylamine, and trimethylamine). In particular, colloidal MAPbBr3 nanoparticles demonstrate a high selectivity in response to diethylamine, in which a significant photoluminescence (PL) quenching (~ 100%) is observed at a concentration of 100 ppm. This selectivity to the aliphatic amines may originate from the relative size of the amine molecules that must be accommodated in the perovskite crystals structure with a narrow range of tolerance factor. Sensitive PL response of MAPbBr3 nanocrystals suggests a simple and effective strategy for colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of aliphatic amines in organic solution phase.

토목섬유 튜브 설계는 토목섬유와 충진재 간의 수리학적 양립성으로 충진압과 토질특성 및 토목섬유 특성, 설치되는 지반의 기초 특성 등과 같은 많은 요소에 의해 성능이 영향을 받기 때문에 매우 복잡하다. 본 연구에서 개발된 하이브리드 토목섬유 튜브는 원주를 다양하게 토목섬유재질로 구성하여 배수성능과 충진능력을 최적화 할 수 있었다. 실험적으로 확인하고자 제작된 복합재질의 토목섬유백에 준설토를 충진시키는 스케일모델시험을 실시하였다. 제작된 4개의 토목섬유백을 활용한 실험을 통하여 보유성능과 충진시간 및 간극수압 등이 평가되었다. 최종적으로 토목섬유의 상호간 재질의 구성방법의 변화 및 원주면 길이의 변화 등으로 토목섬유의 성능을 최적화한 연구결과가 제시되었다.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential step at an anode in electrochemical water-splitting process and requires efficient electrocatalysts to reduce overpotentials. Although precious metal-based materials, such as RuO2, IrO2 and their hybrids with other components, performed excellently as OER electrocatalysts, their high cost has limited practical applications. Consequently, earth-abundant metal components including Fe, Co, and Ni have been investigated as alternatives. In this work, the hybridization of Ni-containing species with conductive carbon-based materials was used to prevent aggregation of active species and improve electrochemical catalytic performance. A new hybrid material composed of NiO nanoparticles and N-doped carbon materials was prepared. The NiO particles with a narrow size distribution were well dispersed on the surface of carbon-based materials. The hybrid showed improved electrocatalytic performance for OER than single components of NiO and N-doped carbon materials.

Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZICs) have recently been spotlighted as energy storage devices due to their high energy and high power densities. However, despite these merits, ZICs face many challenges related to their cathode materials, activated carbon (AC). AC as a cathode material has restrictive electrical conductivity, which leads to low capacity and lifetime at high current densities. To overcome this demerit, a novel boron (B) doped AC is suggested herein with improved electrical conductivity thanks to B-doping effect. Especially, in order to optimize B-doped AC, amounts of precursors are regulated. The optimized B-doped AC electrode shows a good charge-transfer process and superior electrochemical performance, including high specific capacity of 157.4 mAh g−1 at current density of 0.5 A g−1, high-rate performance with 66.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1, and remarkable, ultrafast cycling stability (90.7 % after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1). The superior energy storage performance is attributed to the B-doping effect, which leads to an excellent charge-transfer process of the AC cathode. Thus, our strategy can provide a rational design for ultrafast cycling stability of next-generation supercapacitors in the near future.

한강수계 상천천에서 한강납줄개 Rhodeus pseudosericeus와 떡납줄갱이 R. notatus의 잡종으로 추정되는 2개체를 채집하였다. 자연잡종 개체의 체색은 황갈색으로 한강 납줄개와 떡납줄갱이의 중간적인 특성을 나타냈지만, 전반적으로 떡납줄갱이의 특징이 두드러졌다. 계수 및 계측 형질에서 등지느러미 기조수, 뒷지느러미 기조수, 종렬비늘 수의 3가지 형질은 hybrid index (HI) 값이 0으로 나타나 떡납줄갱이의 형질을 따랐다. 체장에 대한 등지느러미 기점 거리 (HI=74.6), 뒷지느러미 기점 거리 (HI=75.3), 배지느러미 기점 거리 (HI=77.6)는 한강납줄개의 형질을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 새파수 (HI=55.3), 체장에 대한 체고 (HI=67.9), 두장에 대한 문장 (HI=43.4), 양안간격 (HI=44.8)의 4가지 형질은 한강납줄개와 떡납줄갱이의 중간형질을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 나머지 14가지 형질은 0과 100 사이를 벗어나 잡종개체만의 고유한 특성을 나타냈다. Recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) 분석 결과 잡종개체는 부모종의 유전자가 중복되어 나타나자 연잡종으로 판별되었으며, cytochrome b gene (COB)를 분석한 결과 한 개체는 한강납줄개를 모계로, 또 다른 한 개체는 떡납줄갱이가 모계로 나타났다.

In this paper, the hybrid prefabricated retrofit method that improve structural performance and reduce construction period was developed by using a finite element analysis. The hybrid prefabricated retrofit method consist of a Z-shaped side plate, a L-shaped lower plate, and a bottom plate containing an steel plate with openings. This shape has advantage that a retrofit method is possible regardless of the size of the beams and a follow-up process such as reinforcement bars placing are not required. The finite element analysis of hybrid Prefabricated retrofit method showed the most ideal stress distribution when the thickness of bottom plate was 10mm, the thickness of the L-shaped lower plate was 5mm, the thickness of the Z-shaped side plate was 2.5mm, and the bolt spacing was 200mm. The bending strength equation of Hybrid prefabricated retrofit method was proposed through the plastic stress distribution method in KDS 41 31 00. The result of Comparison the proposed equation with the finite element analysis, it is determined that the design of hybrid prefabricated retrofit method is possible through the KDS 41 31 00.

Synergetic effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/nanoclays hybrid was investigated on the properties of highimpact polystyrene (HIPS) nanocomposite foams. The glass transition temperature and the cellular structure including the cell size and cell density were studied in details. Adding MWCNT and nanoclay increased the glass transition temperature of HIPS by 8.5 °C and 1.5 °C, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the cell size of HIPS foams was reduced from 84.05 to 60.97 μm and 40.22 μm using MWCNTs and nanoclays, respectively. The synergetic effect of MWCNT/nanoclay was more significant by reducing the cell size to 13.69 μm. The cell density was improved from 5.79 × 104 to 1.77 × 105 cell/ cm3 using MWCNTs and to 9.39 × 106 cell/cm3 using nanoclays. The cell density reached to 2.90 × 107 cell/cm3 using the synergetic effect of MWCNT/nanoclay.

In this study, epoxy composites were reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and fused silica particles, dispersing the fillers within the epoxy resin based on a simple physical method using only shear mixing and ultrasonication. The hybrid composite specimens with 0.6 wt% of carbon nanotubes and 50 wt% of silica particles showed improved mechanical properties, with increase in tensile strength and Young’s modulus up to 12 and 37%, respectively, with respect to those of the baseline specimens. The experimental results showed that the low thermal expansion of the silica particles improved the thermal stability of the composites compared with that of the baseline specimen, whereas the thermal expansion slightly increased, due to the increased heat transfer from the exterior to the interior of specimens by the carbon nanotube filler. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the hybrid composite specimen reinforced with 0.6 wt% of carbon nanotubes and 50 wt% of silica particles was decreased by 25%, and the thermal conductivity was increased by about 84%, compared with those of the baseline specimen.

‘Big Bang’ 품종은 꽃이 크고 생육이 왕성하며 엽소 및 잎 마름병에 강한 백합 신품종을 육성하기 위하여 2010년 충남농 업기술원 태안백합시험장에서 교배한 OT(Oriental hybrid × Trumpet hybrid) 백합의 종간교잡종이다. 모본으로는 노랑색의 OT백합 ‘Biarits’ 품종을, 부본으로는 백색의 오리엔탈백합 ‘O11-149’ 계통을 화주절단수분법에 의해 교배한 후 2010년부터 2013년까지 기내 종자배양 및 증식 육묘하여 2014년 우수 계통(OT14-6)을 1차 선발하였다. 2016년부터 2018년도에 걸쳐 ‘Nymph’ 품종을 대조품종으로 하여 일반재배를 통한 특성 검정을 실시하였으며, 2016년 화훼연구소 백합 육성계통 평가 회에서 우수계통으로 선발되어 ‘Big Bang’로 명명한 후 충청 남도와 농촌진흥청 농작물직무육성 신품종선정위원회 심의를 거쳐 국립종자원에 품종보호출원 하였다. ‘Big Bang’ 품종의 자연개화는 중부지역에서 6월 16일로 ‘Nymph’ 품종과 비슷하였고 초장은 155.3cm이었다. 적색 반점에 복색(백색+적색)의 화색과 사발화형의 꽃모양을 나타내었다. 재배에 있어서는 진딧물과 잎마름병 등의 병해충 방제를 주기적으로 실시하고, 영양분 관리 등 일반적인 재배관리를 통해 안정적인 구근생산 및 고품질 절화가 가능하다.

The automotive industry has focused on the development of metallic materials with high specific strength, which can meet both fuel economy and safety goals. Here, a new class of ultrafine-grained high-Mn steels containing nano-scale oxides is developed using powder metallurgy. First, high-energy mechanical milling is performed to dissolve alloying elements in Fe and reduce the grain size to the nanometer regime. Second, the ball-milled powder is consolidated using spark plasma sintering. During spark plasma sintering, nanoscale manganese oxides are generated in Fe-15Mn steels, while other nanoscale oxides (e.g., aluminum, silicon, titanium) are produced in Fe-15Mn-3Al-3Si and Fe-15Mn-3Ti steels. Finally, the phases and resulting hardness of a variety of high-Mn steels are compared. As a result, the sintered pallets exhibit superior hardness when elements with higher oxygen affinity are added; these elements attract oxygen from Mn and form nanoscale oxides that can greatly improve the strength of high-Mn steels.

본 연구에서는 다물체 페리다이나믹 해석 코드의 MPI-OpenMP 혼합 병렬화를 수행하였다. 페리다이나믹 해석 모델은 복잡한 동적 파괴 거동 및 불연속 특성을 모사하는데 적합하지만, 비국부 영역을 통한 절점 간 상호작용을 계산하기 때문에 유한요소 모델에 비해 계산 시간이 많이 소요된다. 또한 다중적층구조물의 다물체 페리다이나믹 해석에서 추가된 비국부 접촉 모델과 가상 층간 결합 모델을 통한 여러 물체 간 상호작용으로 계산 부담이 증가한다. 더불어 고속 충돌 파괴와 같은 복잡한 동적 파괴 거동 해석을 위해 세밀한 절점 간격과 작은 시간 간격이 요구되기 때문에 코드 최적화와 병렬화를 통한 고성능 해석 코드 개발이 필수적이다. 해석 코드는 Intel Fortran MPI compiler와 OpenMP를 사용하여 개발되었으며, 한국과학기술정보원(KISTI)의 슈퍼컴퓨팅센터 누리온(Nurion)으로 실행되었다. 다물체 해석 코드를 최적화하기 위한 핵심 요소들을 분석하고, 모델 의존성 발생 서브루틴 분석 및 프로세스 통신 데이터 분별을 통해 MPI-OpenMP 혼합 병렬 처리 구조를 적용하였다. 다물체 충돌 파괴 현상 시뮬레이션을 통해 개발된 병렬 처리 코드의 성능을 확인하였다.