To adapt to a rapidly changing business environment, introduction of new management techniques and innovative activities are crucial. In the case of small and medium companies, the compensation for scarce management resources and sustainable development can be obtained from advantage of management consulting. In this study, we proposed the enterprise process evaluation model for small and medium business consulting, which can deploy the process improvement activities with considering the process maturity level within an organization. The process evaluation area of proposed Small and Medium Business, Staged Maturity Model (SMB-SMM) consists of four following parts: supply management, demand management, business management, and research and development(R&D) management. For each area, we set goals and also defined the practices to achieve their goals respectively. By applying the SMB-SMM model to the small and medium sized companies, the process maturity level can be defined. And then to overcome the gap between the goals and evaluation results the customized management consulting activities can be drawn from the predefined consulting approaches from the SMB-SMM.

Recently, as organizational systems have become larger and more complicated, the evaluation for their efficiency and effectiveness has become more difficult but important. It is essential to understand the current strength and weakness of the organization

본 연구는 식물공장의 각 공정 간을 연결하는 육묘라인을 폐쇄형 레일로 설정하고, 그 레일 상에서 구름바퀴 이동을 하는 육묘베드가 있고, 이 육묘 베드위의 일정위치에 육묘트레이를 자동으로 올려놓는 자동적재장치를 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이 장치의 개발을 위한 기초시험으로 바닥재 위에 육묘트레이를 올려놓고 밀기이송을 하는 시험을 실시하고, 밀기이송력의 변화를 측정 분석하여 최적의 육묘트레이 자동적재장치를 개발하였다. 바닥 위에 파종완료한 트레이를 올려놓고 밀기 이송을 할 때 최대 이송력은 이송속도 30 cm/s에서 트레이 3개를 이송할 때로 초기이송시점에서 최대 피크이송력과 초기 과도상태 이후 최대 정상상태 이송력이 각각 바닥재료가 고무판에서는 32.8 N, 29.4 N, 목재판 29.7 N, 22.5 N, 아크릴판 26.9 N, 19.6 N, 철판 27.6 N, 19.1 N으로 나타났다. 이 이송력의 변화는 모노레일 컨베이어가 트레이와 충돌 직후 최대로 발생했으며, 이후 점차 줄어들어 안정적으로 변화되는 것으로 나타났다. 트레이를 2개 이상 맞대어 밀기이송 시 트레이 외각 받침날의 겹침현상이 일어났다. 최종적으로 개발한 육묘 트레이 적재이송장치는 100회의 작동시험 결과 작동에러는 없었으며, 최대 육묘트레이 적재이송 작업속도는 2초/매, 트레이 이송위치 최대오차는 0.5 cm로 나타났다.

Light emitting diode(LED) plays important role in illumination applications such as general lighting, automotive, and outdoor lights due to their high reliability and energy saving elements. The long lifetime is one of the main advantages of LED and thus, the Accelerated Life T(ALT) is used to help achieving the target life time. This paper presents the investigation of ALT models and failures for LED in recent literatures. LED reliability improvement technologies will be discussed finally.

3D스캔-인체 및 의복 모델링-시뮬레이션-패턴 제작 및 검증의 전체 3D 의복제작 프로세스를 원활히 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 3D 그래픽과 CAD 시스템 그리고 3D-2D 직접 패턴 전개 시스템을 이용해야 하는 데 이 때 장애가 되는 것은 3D 시뮬레이션한 가상의복으로부터 정확한 패턴을 추출하는 것이 어렵고, 전반적 과정의 호환이 쉽지 않다는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인체에 정확히 밀착된 부분과 드레이프가 있는 비대칭형 드레스를 대상으로 전체 프로세스를 원활하게 구동할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 연구 방법으로는 3D 스캔 데이터를 이용하여 Maya로 범용성 3D 인체 모델을 만들고 이 3D 바디 모델에 맞는 3D 드레스를 디자인하고 모델링한 후, Rapidform, 2C-AN 프로그램과 YukaCAD를 이용하여 정확한 2D 패턴을 제작하는 과정의 호환성을 해결하며 진행하였다. 이 과정에서 도출한 패턴을 실제 의상으로 제작하여 착의 시킨 후 3D 의복 모델과의 여유분 분포를 3차원 측정 기술로 검증하였고 실물 드레스의 드레이프의 모양과 시뮬레이트된 드레스의 모양을 검토하였다. 그 결과 제시한 방법을 활용하면 전반적으로 만족스럽게 정량적인 3D 의복 제작 프로세스를 운영할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Regarding project management, many organizations have developed and distributed general project management knowledge systems, and application fields use the knowledge systems to apply the process suitable for characteristics of a project. This study sugge

기존의 재래식 유탕팽화유과의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 진공을 이용한 진공팽화기를 설계 제작하였다. 공정변수에 따른 진공팽화유과의 특성을 비교 분석하기 위하여 부피팽화율, 밀도, 절단강도, 색도, 미세구조를 측정하였다. 진공팽화기의 공정변수는 가열온도(100, 120, 140, 160, 180oC), 예열시간(0, 2, 4, 6, 8분), 진공팽화시간(5, 10, 15, 20분)이며, 가열온도 100oC, 예열시간 6분, 진공팽화시간 10분에서 진공팽화유과의 부피팽화율은 10.04로 가장 높게 측정되었고, 밀도는 0.15 g/cm3로 가장 낮게 측정되었지만, 부피팽화율 9.47, 밀도 0.16 g/cm3으로 측정된 가열온도 120oC, 예열시간 4분, 진공팽화시간 5분에서의 진공팽화유과가 유탕유과의 외관 및 조직과 가장 유사하였다. 절단강도는 가열온도 100oC, 예열시간 6분, 진공팽화시간 15분에서 140 g/cm2로 가장 낮게 측정되었다. 색도는 예열시간과 진공팽화시간이 증가함에 따라 백색도가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 황색도는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 적색도는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 진공팽화유과의 백색도(L값)가 유탕팽화유과보다 25정도 높았으며, 적색도(a값)와 황색도(b값)는 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 진공팽화유과의 미세구조는 가열온도 120oC, 예열시간 4분, 진공팽화시간 5분에서 기공이 작고 균일하였다. 유탕팽화유과와 비교 시 절단강도는 유사하였으나, 부피팽화율은 낮았고, 밀도는 높았다. 셀이 균일하게 형성된 진공팽화의 미세구조와는 달리 유탕팽화유과의 미세구조는 표면과 내부층의 차이가 확인되었다. 진공팽화기의 최적 공정조건은 진공팽화유과의 품질을 고려 할 때, 가열온도 120oC, 예열시간 4분, 진공팽화시간 5분으로 판단되었다.

This study aims to examine the development process of the early stone pagodas of Unified Silla. The history of stone pagodas traces back to both Baekje and Silla in the Three Kingdoms period, but the styles and structures of pagodas began differently. In other words, Baekje attempted to recreate the wooden pagoda style, while Silla attempted to recreate China' brick pagoda style. These different stone pagoda cultures, around the unification of Three Kingdoms, underwent new style changes, and after the mid-7th century, some changes in the five-storied stone pagodas in Tapri appeared, and the milestone perfection of Silla's stone pagodas was achieved through those of Gameusa Temple and Goseonsa Temple. After the mid-7th century, Silla's stone pagodas accommodated some of Baekje's wooden pagodas' elements, shifted from the wooden pagoda style and developed into its own stone pagoda style. This is shown in numerous stone pagodas. However, in Silla's stone pagodas, including the three-storied stone pagoda in Hwagboksa Temple in 692, the size of the pagoda became small and underwent sudden changes. In other words, a new direction of Silla stone pagodas was presented in terms of how massive stones could be reduced, but they differed only in the reduced stone amount; the basic developed style of the Gameunsa Temple stone pagoda and the Goseonsa Temple stone pagoda inherited the traditional style. Thus, the construction of these two pagodas is considered to be significant in the Silla's history of stone pagodas.

Regarding project management, many organizations have developed and distributed general project management knowledge systems, and application fields use the knowledge systems to apply the process suitable for characteristics of a project. This study suggests project management process models to apply to product development projects and introduces the application cases. This product development project management process model is composed of five top processes of initiation and preparation, planning, implementation management, control, and termination and transfer. The five processes are re-divided into 18 bottom processes. These processes are expressed as input, control, output, and mechanism by using the IDEF0 model. This model is applied to the new car development project of a Korean automobile company and introduces the cases, which shows a project charter, a work breakdown structure, a project schedule, a progress s-curve, a risk register, and a performance report.

Through the 20th century architectural theory of rational thinking and the principles according to the statement of the firm, Le Corbusier's early works by analyzing the language of architecture, including his architectural concepts and helps the understanding of modern architecture. Masters of modern architecture as a place among the works of Le Corbusier in the 1920s, ‘Le Corbusier’s White Period’ homes to target by age, and that his initial concept of the formation process of clarifying, further the construction of his golden age will be the key to understand. I selected housings from Maison Citrohan to villa Savoye, the category of architectural elements by considering the development process, he examines developments of the concept of modern architectural space. In analysis process, First of all, I am focused on between each element in the development process to review and explicate the integration process. The advent of the machine which he lived, because of its incredible potential reorganization of human society, as well as to celebrate the start of a new lifestyle. His architectural language of the times in the machinism could achieve progress and modern art, which is a new interpretation of the natural world.

상용원자로에서 발생하는 산화물 사용후핵연료의 부피감용과 재활용을 위하여 산화물을 금속으로 환원시 키는 공정에 대한 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 다양한 환원법 중에서, 한국원자력연구원은 LiCl-Li2O 용융염을 반 응매질로 사용하는 전해환원공정을 현재 개발 중이다. 파이로 공정의 전단부에 해당하는 전해환원 공정은 PWR 산화물 연료 주기를 소듐냉각 고속로의 금속연료 주기에 연결시켜 준다. 이 논문은 금속전환 공정을 개 발/개선하고, 용량 증대를 수행한 한국원자력연구원의 노력을 요약한다.

In this paper, we propose development of new products including the proposed process of at the customer's requirements. The success of new product development depends on customer satisfaction in the marketplace. Existing product development process, including the customer's interest was weak. In this paper, we propose development of new products which include Kano's attractive quality factor method and Timko's customer satisfaction index method. Also we verified new medical treatment of incontinence-nency which is applied to the proposed process.

쇽옵서버 피스톤로드(shock absorber piston rod)는 자동차의 충격과 진동의 흡수에 작용하는 자동차 현가장치(sus-pension equipment)부품의 일종이다. 피스톤로드는 자동차 충격흡수에 매우 밀접한 영향을 주기 때문에 제조에 있어서 고도의 정밀도와 표면 매끄러움이 요구된다. 피스톤로드의 제조공정은 선삭, 홈가공, 밀링, 건조 등 여러 공정으로 구성되는데, 여기서 품질불량에 가장 크게 영향을 주는 공정은 선삭공정(lathing

The research develops measurement processes for estimating and evaluating the gauge R&R(Reproducibility & Repeatability) using ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) of experimental design tools. The ten-step processes developed include experimental goal setting, the selection of characteristics(factors, levels), data model, ANOVA, EMS(Expected Mean Square), estimation of gauge precisions, and evaluation indexes. The three-factor combined measurement models are presented to show the processes developed in this paper.

In this paper, we propose development of new products including the proposed process of at the customer's requirements. The success of new product development depends on customer satisfaction in the marketplace. Existing product development process, including the customer's interest was weak. In this paper, we propose development of new products which include Kano's attractive quality factor method and Timko's customer satisfaction index method. Also we verified new medical treatment of incontinence-nency which is applied to the proposed process.

It is becoming more and more important to develop safety-critical systems with special attention. Examples of the safety-critical systems include the mass transportation systems such as high speed trains, airplanes, ships and so forth. Safety critical issues can also exist in the development of atomic power plants that are attracting a great deal of attention recently as oil prices are sky-rocketing. Note that the safety-critical systems are in general large-scale and very complex for which case the effects of adopting the systems engineering (SE) approach has been quite phenomenal. Furthermore, safety-critical requirements should necessarily be realized in the design phase and be effectively maintained thereafter. In light of these comments, we have considered our approach to developing safety-critical systems to be based on the method combining the systems engineering and safety management processes. To do so, we have developed a design environment by constructing a whole life cycle model in two steps. In the first step, the integrated process model was developed by integrating the SE (ISO/IEC 15283) and systems safety (e.g., hazard analysis) activities and implemented in a computer-aided SE tool environment. The model was represented by three hierarchical levels: the life-cycle level, the process level, and the activity level. As a result, one can see from the model when and how the required SE and safety processes have to be carried out concurrently and iterately. Finally, the design environment was verified by the computer simulation.

This paper describes an improved strategy for controlling the adhesion force using both the antiadhesion and adhesion layers for a successful large-area transfer process. An MPTMS (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane) monolayer as an adhesion layer for Au/Pd thin films was deposited on Si substrates by vapor self assembly monolayer (VSAM) method. Contact angle, surface energy, film thickness, friction force, and roughness were considered for finding the optimized conditions. The sputtered Au/Pd (~17 nm) layer on the PDMS stamp without the anti-adhesion layer showed poor transfer results due to the high adhesion between sputtered Au/Pd and PDMS. In order to reduce the adhesion between Au/Pd and PDMS, an anti-adhesion monolayer was coated on the PDMS stamp using FOTS (perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane) after O2 plasma treatment. The transfer process with the anti-adhesion layer gave good transfer results over a large area (20 mm × 20 mm) without pattern loss or distortion. To investigate the applied pressure effect, the PDMS stamp was sandwiched after 90˚ rotation on the MPTMS-coated patterned Si substrate with 1-μm depth. The sputtered Au/Pd was transferred onto the contact area, making square metal patterns on the top of the patterned Si structures. Applying low pressure helped to remove voids and to make conformal contact; however, high pressure yielded irregular transfer results due to PDMS stamp deformation. One of key parameters to success of this transfer process is the controllability of the adhesion force between the stamp and the target substrate. This technique offers high reliability during the transfer process, which suggests a potential building method for future functional structures.

We develop methods for propagating and analyzing EPCI(Extended Process Capability Index) by using the error type that classifies into accuracy and precision. EPCI developed in this study can be applied to the three combined processes that consist of production, measurement and calibration. Little calibration work discusses while a great deal has been studied about SPC(Statistical Process Contol) and MSA(Measurement System Analysis). EPCI can be decomposed into three indexes such as PPCI(Production Process Capability Index), PPPI(Production Process Performance Index), MPCI(Measurement PCD, and CPCI(Calibration PCI). These indexs based on the type of error classification can be used with various statistical techniques and principles such as SPC control charts, ANOVA(Analysis of Variance), MSA Gage R&R, Additivity-of-Variance, and RSSM(Root Sum of Square Method). As the method proposed is simple, any engineer in charge of SPC. MSA and calibration can use efficientily in industries. Numerical examples are presentsed. We recommed that the indexes can be used in conjunction with evaluation criteria.