The successful implementation of green supply chain management(GSCM) practices requires a level of cooperation that can be difficult to conduct. Despite this challenge, limited scholarly attention has been paid to exploring how the implementation of GSCM practices can be effectively facilitated and enhanced through accumulated social capital with suppliers. Based on social capital theory, this study postulates that supplier network characteristics derived from social capital with key suppliers can be critical antecedents of GSCM, which in turn enhances the firm’s environmental performance. To test hypotheses, data were collected from 330 firms in 15 countries, and structural equation modeling was employed. Results show that GSCM improves environmental performance, and structural and cognitive social capitals of the supplier network act as antecedents and lead to GSCM implementation.

The "V Shang" structure is a structure that appears frequently in modern Chinese, and the meaning it expresses is also closely related to the verb it is collocated with. At the same time, it is also closely related to the meaning of “Shang” itself. The predecessors have conducted relevant research on the literal and deep meaning of the “V Shang” structure. Based on the previous research, this article starts from the basic meaning of “Shang” and once again discusses the “Shang” in “V Shang”. To analyze, we hope to sort out the development clues of the semantics related to “Shang”, as well as the combination characteristics of different meanings that these different semantic types can bring. In the aspect of linguistic cognition, from the perspective of image schema, the different meanings of “Shang” in “V Shang” are presented, which further influences the semantic structure, and makes a corresponding exposition. Starting from the basic image schema of “V Shang”, Variation 1 is the meaning of displacement, and the process of moving to “Shang” completely follows the basic image schema; Variation 2 is the meaning of result realization; Variation 3 is to satisfy the reference standard , reach a certain quantity meaning; Variation 4 is the meaning of contact attachment; Variation 5 is the meaning of new action and state start. From Variation 1 to Variation 5, it can be seen that the “V Shang” structure is a unified whole that is interconnected and differentiated from each other.

도솔천(兜率天)에 머무르며 법문을 설하는 미륵보살은 중생을 제도하기 위해 사바세계에 다시 태어날 미래의 부처로서 아시아 전역에서 널리 신앙되어 왔다. 이에 미륵 신앙은 사후 미륵보살의 주처인 도솔천에 태어나기를 바라는 상생 신앙과 미래세에 출현할 미륵불의 설법 을 듣고자 하는 하생 신앙으로 크게 나누어 보기도 한다. 중국 산서성(山西省) 고평(高平) 개화사(開化寺) <미륵상생경변상도(彌勒上生經變相圖)>는 북송대(960~1127)에 그려진 사찰 벽화로 오랜 기간 잘못된 명칭으로 알려져 왔으나 최근에 이르러 작품의 주제가 명확해지 면서 그 중요성이 새롭게 대두되었다. 미륵상생경변에 관한 선행 연구에서는 다수의 작품이 현존하는 서하와 천산 위구르의 사례를 통해 당대(618~907) 이후 불교가 쇠퇴한 중원(中原) 과 달리 이 지역에서 미륵 신앙이 성행한 것으로 해석해 왔다. 하지만 최근 <미륵상생경변>으 로 재규명된 본 벽화와 더불어 다양한 문헌 기록을 살펴보면 북송에서도 국가 차원에서 불교를 적극 후원하였고, 왕실과 사찰 그리고 민간에 이르기까지 미륵 신앙이 상당히 성행했음을 알 수 있다. 아울러 개화사본과 유사한 도상과 화면구성을 보이는 서하와 천산 위구르 작품과 비교해 보면 본 벽화가 가장 많은 수의 장면을 보다 충실하게 도해하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 개화사본을 비롯한 모든 작품에 표현된 건축물의 구조와 세부 부재가 정교한 계화(界畫) 기법 으로 그려진 점으로 미루어 보아 한족 문화의 중심인 중원에서 성립한 도상이 이웃 국가로 확산된 것으로 추정하였다. 이는 당시 북송과 이웃 이민족 국가 간에 불교문화가 적극적으로 공유되고 있었음을 보여주는 사례로서 더할 나위 없이 중요한 작품이라 할 수 있다.

While protecting its lives and property from natural disasters such as floods and droughts, North Korea needs to develop into an informationized industrial society by securing renewable energy power in the era of energy transition. In addition, existing research has considered that a policy of continuous and consistent expansion of renewable energy based on the safety of the lives of ordinary people could be the solution. South Korea needs to recognize that the supply of energy for a minimum of living is more important to the North Korean people than the economic benefits of securing North Korea's renewable energy market. Therefore, in this paper, from that point of view, we have calculated the amount of electricity that North Korea lacks necessary for the lives of its inhabitants that can be replaced by renewable energy, and considered ways to estimate the market value.

This paper is intended to explore the otherness of ‘non-mainstream’ graduate students specializing in applied linguistics at various departments of English language and literature in Korea. Drawing on Honneth’s theory of recognition and its ideology, it attempted to understand the way their ‘professional identities’ are constructed both within and without the related academic communities. Through interviews and reflection journals, the lived stories of research participants illustrated that their trajectories of growth were not a transmission of knowledge and skills in applied linguistics, and that Honneth’s threefold conceptualization of intersubjective recognition (love, rights, solidarity) was usefully applied to the sociopolitical inquiry of ‘becoming professional.’ They did not feel a sense of affection, were not respected as rights-holders, and did not have mutual esteem and solidarity. The non-mainstream students strived for recognition in the graduate program by voicing their emotions in their qualitative research papers and improving their limited proficiency of English which, however, led to ‘uncritical’ conformity. They lost the emancipatory struggle for their independent and scholarly selves. The model of mutual recognition is expected to show good potential as an analytic tool for understanding the motivational and justificatory basis for social struggles. Further research is suggested to examine how Honneth’s theory can help in understanding people in different disciplines.

In preparation of porous carbon materials microwave oven brightening is one of the warming modes used ever. The various procedures that take place in microwave combustion process include carbonization, incitation, and recovery and thus carbon is defined. This paper compares ideal conditions of traditional warming methods, as well as their implementation potential, losses, and specifications. This porous carbon with heat treatment possesses various properties and they are well suited for energy applications which require constrained space such as hydrogen storage in solid-state and supercapacitors. The enhanced properties are chemical and thermal stability, ready availability, low framework density and ease of processability. The recent trend in class of porous carbons is Activated Carbons that are employed traditionally as adsorbents or catalyst supporters but currently, they found potent applications in fabricating for hydrogen storage materials and supercapacitors. These activated carbons are much enhanced form in class of porous carbon materials and they possess the capability to enable hydrogen economy, where the energy carrier is hydrogen. Therefore, the utility of activated carbons as a source for energy storage experiences a rapid growth at current trend and they possess significant advances. This investigation is based on detailed cost development data and electrical imperativeness applications.

Background: Pronated foot posture (PFP) contributes to excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Although foot orthoses such as medial arch support (MAS) are widely and easily used in clinical practice and sports, few studies have investigated the effect of MAS on the improvement of DKV during stair descent in individuals with a PFP. Moreover, no studies reported the degree of improvement in DKV according to the severity of PFP when MAS was applied. Objects: This study aimed to examine the immediate effect of MAS on DKV during stair descent and determine the correlation between navicular drop distance and changes in DKV when MAS is applied. Methods: Twenty individuals with a PFP (15 males and five females) participated in this study. The navicular drop test was used to measure PFP severity. The frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) was calculated under two conditions, with and without MAS application, using 2-dimensional video analysis. Results: During stair descent, the FPPA with MAS (173.1° ± 4.7°) was significantly greater than that without MAS (164.8° ± 5.8°) (p < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the navicular drop distance and improvement in the FPPA when MAS was applied (r = 0.453, p = 0.045). Conclusion: MAS application can affect the decrease in DKV during stair descent. In addition, MAS application should be considered to improve the knee alignment for individuals with greater navicular drop distance.

보충적 보호제도는 난민협약이 정의하는 난민 인정사유에는 부합하지 않지만 난민과 유사한 상황에 처해 국제적 보호가 필요한 이들을 지원하 는 제도다. 유럽연합은 보충적 보호제도의 기준을 확립하고 회원국들은 이에 근거해 제도를 운영하고 있으나 한국의 보충적 보호제도는 여전히 기준과 정의가 불분명하고 난민과 비교할 때 제공되는 처우가 지나치게 열악하다는 지적이 제기돼 왔다. 본 연구는 난민 수용에 오랜 역사를 지 닌 스웨덴의 보충적 보호제도를 분석하고 이를 통해 한국의 제도개선을 위한 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 스웨덴은 2005년 「외국인법」을 제정하면서 난민지원과 별도로 보충적(대안적) 보호제도를 운영해 왔다. 시리아 내전 등 대규모 난민 발생상황이 지속되면서 스웨덴의 난민 정책 도 과거에 비해 축소되는 경향을 보이지만 그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 보 충적 보호지위 인정자에게 여러 권한과 혜택을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구 는 스웨덴의 보충적 보호제도 분석을 근거로 한국의 보충적 보호 지위와 인도적 체류 지위를 분리해 별도의 자격과 권한을 부여해야 함을 제언했 다. 또한 보충적 보호지위 인정자의 권한을 강화해 이들의 사회통합을 도모할 것을 제언했다.

Chinese characters originated in China and are self-originating characters used to record and express Chinese. Chinese characters have continuity in the attributes of shape and meaning, show strong vitality, and are unique in the existing world writing system. Chinese characters have experienced a long history of use and development, and the unique phonological structure has contributed to an important transformation in the history of Chinese characters development with an irreplaceable trend. The relationship between the three elements of Chinese character shape, sound and meaning is complex and entangled, and needs to be analyzed in detail for specific issues. The paper bases on the practice idea of interpreting exegesis by sound and makes a new interpretation of the character Yi (医) and Yi (殹) by using academic research results. The meaning of Yi (医) is ‘something used to hide a bow and arrow’. The meaning of Yi (殹) is the same as Yi (医). According to inductive analysis, the characters with Yi (殹) as their radical have the meaning of ‘hidden’. And Yi (殹) further extended the meaning of ‘black’. Then Yi (殹) is often used as a phonetic sign.

Shuowen is not only a classic of philology, but also a classic in the history of Chinese linguistics. The construction history of Shuowen’s canonization is also the history of its acceptance and dissemination. The Han and Wei dynasties are the preparation period for the canonization of Shuowen, from Tang Dynasty to early Song Dynasty is the establishment period, the song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties are the development period, the Qing Dynasty is the golden period, and the modern and contemporary times are the transformation period. The classic quality of Shuowen is the essential factor of its canonization. The influence of social environment, the promotion of political forces, the interpretation, research and care of readers in previous dynasties, and the development of printing are also important external factors of its canonization construction. Its classical construction path shows three characteristics: the instrumentality of Chinese character books, Confucian dependence and the academic nature of Chinese character theory.

블록체인 기술을 기반으로, 환금성이 있는 NFT(Non-fungible token) 또는 가상화폐가 게 임이용의 결과물로서 이용자에게 귀속되는 P2E (Play to Earn) 게임 모델이 새로이 등장하였다. 그러나 게임물관리위원회는 P2E 게임의 사행성 을 이유로 등급분류를 거부하거나 취소하여 국내 시장 유통을 금지하고 있다. 반면 우리나라를 제 외한 많은 국가들에서는 P2E 게임이 활발하게 이용되고 있어 게임위 판단의 근거를 검토할 필 요가 있다. 게임위는 법률상 사행성게임물에 대한 등급분 류를 거부하거나 취소할 수 있는데, 이때 사행성 게임물 판단을 위한 근거규정이 미비하다는 문제 가 있다. 사행성게임물은 법률상 사행행위(베팅, 배당, 경마 등)를 내용으로 하거나 게임의 결과가 우연적으로 결정되는 게임물로서 이용자의 자산 에 손익을 미치는 것으로 정의되는데, NFT 혹은 가상자산이 이용자의 자산에 이익이 된다는 이유 만으로 그 게임물의 내용과 상관없이 사행성게임 물로 규정하는 것은 잘못이다. 또한 이용자의 재 산상 손익을 끼칠 수 있는지에 대한 구체적인 판 단 기준을하위법령에위임하고있으나, 위임받은 법령과 게임위 내규에서는 별도로 다루지 않고 있어 판단기준에 공백이 있다. 한편 게임물의 사행성은 게임물의 등급분류에 영향을 미치는데, 사행성게임물이 아니라면 사행 성이 인정되더라도 등급분류에 따라 게임출시가 가능하다. 게임산업법은 사행적인 게임물의 환전 행위를금지하고있는데, P2E 게임의환전가능성 을 이유로 사행성게임물로 판단하는 것은 잘못된 적용이다. 더불어 경품 등의 제공을 통한 사행성 조장을 금지하고 있는데, P2E 게임 이용자에게 제공되는 결과물은 그 형태와 관계없이 경품 등 에 해당하므로 사행성을 조장한다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 게임물의 사행성 판단에 대해서는 사회⋅ 경제적 상황과 업계종사자의 의견을 반영하여 탄 력적으로 규율하는 것이 바람직하다.

The team has studied the relationship between the ability of the coals to be dissolved in crude anthracene oil and their composition. The coal samples taken from different deposits in Russia and Mongolia were characterized by different stages of metamorphism and tested by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The data of a correlation analysis enabled us to find out that an amount of aromatic structures in coal macromolecules provided the main influence on the thermal dissolution of the coals. The middle-rank coals had the highest rates of coal organic matter transfer to liquid products. The data showed that the dissolution process was accompanied by destruction of weak bonds among aliphatic groups. The amount of methylene groups in the aliphatic part of coal macromolecules had a direct impact on conversion of the coal organic matter into soluble products.