A series of conserved point mutations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) confer resistance to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in most arthropod pests. However, the mutations associated with reduced sensitivity to insecticides usually results in the reduction of catalytic efficiency and leads to a fitness disadvantage. To compensate for the reduced catalytic activity, overexpression of neuronal AChE appears to be necessary, which is achieved by a relatively recent duplication of the AChE gene (ace) as observed in the two-spotted spider mite and other insects. Unlike the cases with overexpression of neuronal AChE, the extensive generation of soluble AChE is observed in some insects either from a distinct non-neuronal ace locus or from a single ace locus via alternative splicing. The production of soluble AChE in the fruit fly is induced by chemical stress. Soluble AChE acts as a potential bioscavenger and provides tolerance to xenobiotics, suggesting its role in chemical adaptation during evolution.

It is essential to provide good environment for juvenile fish to grow and spawn in order to keep reproduction mechanism of fisheries resources. However, harvesting juvenile fish deprives adult fish of the opportunity to reproduce, thereby changing self-regulating renewable resources into non-renewable ones and preventing sustainable harvesting as well as reducing fishers’ income. We reviewed the catch status of Korea on juvenile mackerel and analyzed how reducing the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel may affect the spawning stock and Korean fishermen's revenue. In addition, we analyzed the problem of caching juvenile mackerel in Korean fisheries and current efforts to protect and reduce the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel in Korea. Furthermore, we suggested future efforts to protect juvenile mackerel. The result of the study showed that reducing the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel from 44.4% to 30.0% would increase fishers’ revenue by 60.6 billion KRW. We suggest the changing of purse seine fishery’s catching methods from night operation to day operation, relocation of fishing vessels to move to other fishing grounds when fishing vessels meet high density of juvenile mackerel, and consumers’ clever choice of consuming adult mackerel in order to accelerate the move toward protecting juvenile mackerel in Korea.

사회적 경제란 ‘민주적 의사결정구조를 갖추고, 자본에 따른 수익배분을 제한하는 원칙에 따라 운영되 는 조직들의 활동’을 의미한다. 공정무역(Fair Trade), 지역화폐(LETS), 생활협동조합, 사회적기업, 마을기업 등의 활동들이 사회적경제 활동에 속한다. 사회적경제는 고용문제의 대안적 형태의 일자리를 창출하고 우애의 원칙에 기초한 지역사회 네트워크 구축을 통한 사회적 지지망을 보다 공고하게 만들뿐 아니라 이런 사회적 네트워크 확장을 통해 다른 서비 스의 소비를 촉진하는 기능도 한다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 가진다고 할 수 있다. - 국제사회적경제포럼, http://www.gsef2013.org/ - 사회적경제라는 용어에는 ‘사회적’과 ‘경제’의 두 단어가 함께 사용되며, ‘사회적’이라는 용어는 단순히 특정분야를 뜻하는 것이 아닌 우리주변의 환경이 유기적으로 연결, 결합되어 있다는 의미를 포함하며, ‘경제’라는 용어 또한 다양한 환경과 변수에 의하여 유기적인 결과물을 내는 형태라 할 수 있다. 결국 사회적경제라는 용어의 의미는 어떠한 특정한 분야가 아닌 다양한 주체들이 얽혀 있으며, 특정한 법칙에 의해 일관성 있게 구축되는 것이 아닌 매우 다양한 요인에 집합들에 의해 결과를 예측할 수 없는, 살아있는 생명체로서 접근을 해야 한다고 생각한다. 하지만, 많은 사회복지학회, 포럼, 논문 등을 보면, 다양한 영역을 연결하고 매개하는 중개자로써의 역 할보다는 과거의 연구된 자료를 통해(그것도, 심리학, 철학, 행정학, 경영학 등 많은 분야의) 답습하는 정도의 학문으로써 연구되어지고, 사회적문제에 대한 대안을 현재의 상황보다는 과거의 연구된 근거에 의해 해결하려 한다는 점에서 결정론적인 입장을 취하고 있으며, 현실성이 부족하다는 견해이다. 우리가 살아가는 현재에서는 과거의 사회, 경제의 형태를 찾아볼 수는 있지만, 그것만으로는 충족할 수 없는 매우 많은 정보와 여러 요인에 의해 변화해가는 다양성이 보편화되어 있는 시기이다. 사회적경제란 특별한 프로그램이 되어있거나 특정한 프로세스로 정의되는 형태가 아니며, 과거의 연구 결과 등은 사례로써의 가치를 두고, 현실에서 충분한 시행과 착오를 경험하고, 개선을 통해서 완성되어야 한다. 이 발표문에서는 사회적경제의 사례들의 다양한 비즈니스모델을 컨셉을 살펴보고, 비즈니스의 아이템이나 컨텐츠를 중심적으로 연구하는 것이 아닌 성공과 실패의 사례를 통해서, 사회적경제를 위한 비즈니 스 모델의 방향과 개선점을 찾아보는 것에 의의를 두어야 할 것이다.

Agriculture and rural development is the most important sector in international development cooperation business in Korea. The significance, given to this sector is manifested in the increase of ODA (Official Development Assistance) budget, the crafting of relevant legislations, and the development of organizations, and institutions. Although many studies have been conducted on international cooperation in the agricultural sector, thus far, bibliographical research has not been done. This study aimed to analyze research trends using meta-data searching method based on three database sites. The main findings revealed that: 1) majority of the literature contains the keyword, ‘ODA’; 2) research area highly focuses on rural development policy studies including “Saemaul Undong”, which implies limited literature on agricultural logistics, marketing, and trade; and 3) methodologically, more researches need to focus on theoretical and quantitative analyses.

This paper investigates seismic damage potential of recent September 12 M5.8 Gyeongju earthquake from diverse earthquake engineering perspectives using the accelerograms recorded at three stations near the epicenter. In time domain, strong motion durations are evaluated based on the accelerograms and compared with statistical averages of the ground motions with similar magnitude, epicentral distance and soil conditions, while Fourier analysis using FFT is performed to identify damaging frequency contents contained in the earthquake. Effective peak ground accelerations are evaluated from the calculated response spectra and compared with apparent peak ground accelerations and the design spectrum in KBC 2016. All these results are used to consistently explain the reason why most of seismic damage in the earthquake was concentrated on low-rise stiff buildings but not quite significant. In order to comparatively appraise the damage potential, the constant ductility spectrum constructed from the Gyeongju earthquake is compared with that of the well-known 1940 El Centro earthquake. Deconvolution analysis by using one accelerogram speculated to be recorded at a stiff soil site is also performed to estimate the soil profile conforming to the response spectrum characteristics. Finally, response history analysis for 39- and 61-story tall buildings is performed as a case study to explain significant building vibration felt on the upper floors of some tall buildings in Busan area during the Gyeongju earthquake. Seismic design and retrofit implications of M5.8 Gyeongju earthquake are summarized for further research efforts and improvements of relevant practice.

This essay reviews the ‘All Okinawa’ anti-base movement, which has entered a new phase since November 2014. The Abe administration’s coercive measures to proceed with the relocation of the US Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Henoko in Okinawa, have aroused strong opposition. Led by Governor Onaga and the All Okinawa Council, the ‘All Okinawa’ movement has integrated the civic opinions for opposing the construction of a new base at Henoko. Moreover, this movement has pursued the autonomy as a way of exercising the right of self-determination. In addition, it contains an ethnic minority movement that reestablishes the Okinawan identity in relation to Japan.

We present photometric results of the  Sct star V1162 Ori, which is extensively monitored for a total of 49 nights from mid-December 2014 to early-March 2015. The observations are made with three KMTNet (Korea Microlensing Telescope Network) 1.6 m telescopes installed in Chile, South Africa, and Australia. Multiple frequency analysis is applied to the data and resulted in clear detection of seven frequencies without an alias problem: five known frequencies and two new ones with small amplitudes of 1.2-1.7 mmag. The amplitudes of all but one frequency are significantly different from previous results, confirming the existence of long-term amplitude changes. We examine the variations in pulsation timings of V1162 Ori for about 30 years by using the times of maximum light obtained from our data and collected from the literatures. The O − C (Observed minus Calculated) timing diagram shows a combination of a downward parabolic variation with a period decreasing rate of (1/P)dP/dt = −4.22 × 10−6 year−1 and a cyclic change with a period of about 2780 days. The most probable explanation for this cyclic variation is the light-travel-time effect caused by an unknown binary companion, which has a minimum mass of 0.69 M⊙. V1162 Ori is the first  Sct-type pulsating star of which the observed fast period decrease can be interpreted as an evolutionary effect of a pre-main sequence star, considering its membership of the Orion OB 1c association.

Driven by market, consumer preferences and recent climate change discussions, the usage of ‘sustainability’ standards has over the last decade gained ground worldwide. Sustainability standards are largely voluntary, non-mandatory and an increasingly important component of the green economy. While on the one hand the usage of sustainability standards helps achieve several economic and environment objectives, on the other hand they can potentially act as barriers to trade in particular for small producers. This paper examines the potential trade and commercial aspects of sustainability standards in terms of their diversity, cost of incorporation and interaction with supply chains. It considers the compatibility of sustainability standards with the existing trade architecture of the World Trade Organization, drawing on relevant case law developments. Finally, it recommends the usage of international platforms such as the UNFSS and ITC Standards map, to enable product/ service specific information sharing, conformity assessment and business networking.

미국에서 동성애 및 동성혼과 관련된 논쟁은 오래전부터 시작되었다. 미국의 일부 주법은 동성애행위자체를 법으로 금지하는 경우도 있었기 때문에, 동성애자들의 권리투쟁은 그에서부터 시작되었다. 그리고 그들은 동성혼 역시 이성혼과 법적으로 동등하게 취급되어야 하며, 동성혼을 법 적으로 인정받기 위한 권리투쟁을 계속해왔다. 그리고 2015년, 마침내 미국의 연방대법원은 5대 4로 동성혼 역시 수정헌법 제14조의 적법절차 조항과 평등보호조항에 의하여 보호되어야 함을 선언함으로써, 미국 전 역에서 동성혼을 합법화하였다. 한국은 아직 미국처럼 동성애 및 동성혼을 둘러싼 논란이 가열되지는 않은 단계이다. 그러나 지난 2013년, 광화문에서 한 동성커플의 공개적인 결혼식 및 혼인신고 이후로 이에 대한 주목은 예전보다 높아져가고 있다. 한국에서 동성애 및 동성혼을 둘러싼 사회적 논의는 아직도 미미하지만, 성적소수자로 분류되는 이들의 권리 또한 보호받아야 하기에 과연 그 범 위를 어디까지 인정할 것인지에 대한 법적 논의는 분명 필요하다. 이 논문은 미국에서의 동성애 및 동성혼 관련 판결분석에 주된 초점을 맞추었다. 연방대법원의 판결문 내용을 검토하여 판결의 점진적인 변화 를 살펴보고, 또한 그러한 변화를 이끌어 낸 원인은 무엇인지, 이전 판례 와의 차이는 무엇인지 등을 분석해본다. 그리고 이를 통해 한국에서 동 성혼을 제도화하는 데 있어 고려가 되어야 할 헌법조항들은 어떤 것이 있으며, 어떤 단계들이 필요한지 간략하게 논한다. 미국의 연방대법원 판 결분석은 그 자체로 우리에게 충분한 시사점을 제공해줄 것이

유럽사법재판소는 구글 v. Gonzalez 사건에서, 유럽 시민들의 “잊혀질 권리”를 보장하기 위하여 검색엔진들이 개인정보 게시물에 관한 특정 검색 결과 링크를 삭제하여야 한다고 판단하였다. 위 판례는 개인정보의 주체에게 검색엔진의 운영자 에게 개인정보가 기재된 게시물의 링크를 삭제할 수 있는 권리를 부여하였다는 점에서 의미가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나, 동시에 표현의 자유 및 정보접근권을 프라이버시권과 어떻게 조화시킬지 에 관한 논의가 충분하게 이루어지지 못했을 뿐만 아니라, 개인정보 보호조치의 1차적 권한을 사기 업인 구글에 전적으로 부여했다는 점에서 한계를 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 잊혀질 권리는 우리나라의 헌법적 기본권인 개 인정보자기결정권의 내용으로 포섭될 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라, 정보통신망법은 제한적으로나마 개인 정보의 잊혀질 권리를 보장하고 있다. 그러나 동 시에 우리나라의 법제는 프라이버시권의 보호에 치중하여 표현의 자유 및 공중의 정보접근권을 충 분히 고려하지 못한 한계를 보이고 있다. 뿐만 아 니라, 개인정보 보호조치와 관련된 1차적 권한을 개인정보보호법의 경우 개인정보처리자, 정보통 신망법의 경우 정보통신서비스 제공자에게 맡기 고 있는바, 위에 해당하는 자가 사적 주체인 경우 이들에게 1차적 권한을 부여하는 것 역시 문제가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 덧붙여, 최근 방송통신위원회에서 발표한 인터 넷 자기게시물 접근배제요청권 가이드라인은 사 실적⋅기술적 이유로 자기 게시물의 삭제가 어려 워질 경우, 게시자의 신청을 통해서 원 게시물 또 는 검색 엔진상의 링크를 삭제할 수 있도록 하고 있다는 점에서 의미가 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러 나 위 가이드라인 역시 표현의 자유 및 공중의 정 보접근권을 충분히 고려하지 못한 한계를 가지는 것으로 보인다.

Due to the highly competitive nature of the apparel industry, fashion brands attempt to constantly engage consumers through various marketing strategies. Social media was found to drive female consumer purchases for apparel items. In shopping for fashion, consumers have used their personal connections on social media as an information source about different brands and products and to seek approval of their peers before making a purchase decision (Park & Cho, 2012). Cha (2009) found that female consumers look to their social media network connections for emotional connections, opinions, and approval on clothing, perfume, and accessories they are considering purchasing online. Ruane and Wilson (2013) found that female consumers use social media sites for information on where to shop and what merchandise to purchase. In studying the effect of blogs on corporate outcome, the role Millennials play is found to be significant. They are heavily reliant on word of mouth when up to 93% of Millennials has purchased a product after hearing about it from a family member or friend (Hoffmann, 2014). They not only usually read reviews prior to purchase, but also pass their recommendations via social media post-purchase (Hoffman, 2014). This age group constitutes 27% of the US population and in spite of their lower incomes, they spend more money on e-commerce than any other age group ($2,000 annually) (Smith, 2015). Therefore, this study aims to suggest strategies to fashion brands on effective blog campaign, which may eventually provide insights on how marketers can encourage engagement with female Millennial apparel consumers. The study’s objectives are 1) to examine the effect of brand awareness building customer’s brand credibility, brand similarity and blog engagement 2) to investigate the impact of brand responses on customer’s brand credibility, brand similarity and blog engagement, and 3) interaction effect between brand awareness and brand responses on customer engagement through cognitive evaluation in fashion blog context. A 3 (brand response: automated response, personalized response, no response) x2 (Brand awareness: well know, unknown) experimental design was developed through a pre-test of 139 participants. For main-test, experiment conditions and the following survey were completed by the convenience sample of 537 students in a large Southern university. Research findings revealed the significant impact of brand awareness on customer perceived brand credibility and brand similarity which were significant predictors of engagement intention. In contrast, the study indicated the insignificant relationship between brand responses and blog engagement intention. Study’s result not only suggested implications for marketers but also expanded further studies contributing on the body of knowledge.

Supply and demand patterns have dynamically changed in recent years due to the increased global competition. Firms have selected quality and price as competition components and have accomplished corporate innovation in order to achieve competitive advantage. Innovation has been recognized as the way to enhance corporate competitiveness and to continuously grow in churning global competition (Homburg, Schwemmle, & Kuehnl, 2015; Moon, Miller, & Kim, 2013). Although innovation becomes a common means to improve a firm’s performance, it has the limitation of achieving a firm’s strategic goal as a long-term strategy. Thus, firms need to have more fine-grained strategies to survive in dynamically changing business environment, such as design innovation (Moon et al., 2015). For example, Apple has produced its products (e.g., iPhone, iPod and iPad) focusing on innovative product design to influence consumer purchase intention. Design can lead to a distinct competitive advantage (Bolch, 1995). Furthermore, product design can be used by firms to create amd enhance brand recognition, as well as to increase firms’ value (Mozota, 2002). Brand experience positively influences customer satisfaction and brand loyalty (Brakus, Schmitt, & Zarantonello, 2009). Thus, we assume that design experience and product innovation have a positive effect on consumers’ purchase behavior and customer value. However, while the importance of design innovation is recognized, it is not easy to apply the design innovation to marketing due to the lack of relevant research in the field. In fact, relevant research on the influence of innovative new product design and design experience on customer value is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how brand experiences and innovative product design affect customer value. Successful innovation is accomplished by identifying customer needs first and developing innovative products to satisfy their needs (Hauser et al., 2006). Design is seen as the core of innovation and the moment when a new object is conceived of, devised, and shaped in a prototype form (Landwehr, Wentzel, & Herrmann, 2013). Verganti (2008) studies the concept of "user-centered design," which describes how companies can use design to improve their relationships with users and develop a better understanding of user needs. In this research, design innovation has three dimensions: aesthetic attributes, feature attributes, and emotional attributes. First, aesthetic attributes focus on the product design itself. The aesthetic appearance of a product has a large bearing on its potential market share (Liu, 2003). Second, feature attributes focus on the product features and functional aspects that are required to satisfy customer needs. Feature attributes enable performance that can give results in the operating process (Crawford & Di Benedetto, 2007). Third, emotional attributes focus on consumers’ feeling when they purchase a new product to satisfy their needs. Emotional attributes are generated by consumers’ experience when they purchase a new product in the store. The more the product design satisfies customer's emotional needs, the more customers’ attention is attracted to the purchase of a product (Mokarian, 2007). A product satisfying the aesthetic, feature, and emotional attributes through design innovation provides a new experience to customers (Desmet & Hekkert, 2007). A consumer’s purchase decision making is affected by both direct and indirect experience of using the product and the function of product (Brakus, Schmitt, & Zarantonello, 2009). Therefore, a designer comes to design the product, taking an interest in the experience that the product gives besides its shape and function. Product experiences occur when a customer interacts with the product ̶ for example, when customers search for, examine, and evaluate products (Hoch, 2002). The product experience can be direct, i.e. when there is physical contact with the product (Hoch & Ha 1986) or indirect, i.e. when a product is presented virtually or in an advertisement (Hoch & Ha 1986; Kempf and Smith 1998). Brand experience can be split into four dimensions (sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioral), which are differentially evoked by various brands (Brakus, Schmitt, & Zarantonello, 2009). According to previous studies, these four experience dimensions (sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioral experience dimensions) have an effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Customer value can be defined as the trade-off between the benefits and sacrifices as a customer purchases a product or service from a supplier (Ulaga & Chacour, 2001). Ulaga and Chacour presented three dimensions of customer value: product-related components, service-related components, and promotion-related components. The researchers argued that customer value could be an important strategic marketing tool to clarify a firm's proposition to customers. Product-related components are intrinsic product characteristics. Product quality is a key factor of relationship value (Ulaga, 2003). Customer value consists of product value and service value. Customer value can be enhanced by quality, diversity, payment, and service quality and decreased by price, convenience, and risk (Jarvenpaa & Todd, 2003). Service-related components include all aspects of service associated with the product. Various service components play an important role in differentiating a supplier's offering (Narus & Anderson, 1996). Promotion-related components include all items used to promote the product to the customer. For all purchasing processes, it is necessary to assess the perceived customer value, such as service quality and promotional quality (Qualls & Rosa, 1995). In the present study, we conducted a research survey with 300 subjects and analyzed the data. In order to test the reliability of questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. In order to test the validity, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Measurement was made for 3 variables, i.e. design innovation, design experience, and customer value. Three variables (aesthetical attributes, feature attributes, and emotional attributes) were used for design innovation. Three types of attributes were introduced for a mobile phone design innovation. Four dimensions (sensory, affective, intellectual, behavioral) were measured using a technical design experience and a humanistic design experience. Three variables (product-related customer value, service-related customer value, and promotion-related customer value) were employed for customer value. The results of the analyses demonstrate that design innovation has a positive effect on design experience, while design experience has a positive effect on customer value. Aesthetic attributes of design innovation have a positive effect on technical design experience and humanistic design experience. Feature attributes have a positive effect on the technical design experience and the humanistic design experience. Emotional attributes have an effect on the technical design experience and the humanistic design experience. The technical design experience has a positive effect on product-related customer value, service-related customer value, and promotion-related customer value. The humanistic design experience has a positive effect on product-related customer value, service-related customer value and promotion-related customer value. This study will make it possible to empirically examine how customer's experience in design innovation affects customer value. Our results will provide a theoretical foundation for examining a relationship between variables regarding how design innovation influences customer value through design experience. It is intended to give a direction as to the design innovation of firms by clarifying and presenting antecedent factors having an effect that design innovation produces on customer value. The results of the present study will inspire designers to design in consideration of design experience. Finally, our study will provide marketers with guidelines as to how design experience can influence customer satisfaction and loyalty.

This article explores alternate ways to conceptualize self-nature relationship, that is, how nature in general, rather than specific nature places, become part of the extended self and how this influences responsible consumption. An ethnography, using participant observation, iterative in-depth interviews and photographs, was used to understand self-nature relationship and consumption behavior. The study was conducted in Malaysia using the English language as the medium of communication. The results suggest three levels of extended-self, reflecting the individual’s depth of relationship with nature; relational extended-self, encapsulated-self and assimilated-self. Nature as extended self, then, influences meanings attached to nature which results in different levels of attachment with nature; these are, functional, emotional, religious and spiritual attachment. When nature is perceived as separate from self, consumption behaviour is motivated by self-interest or self-preservation. As nature experiences are internalised, individuals begin to form emotional connections which initiates the process of self-extension whereby nature is progressively seen as part of the self. At the higher level, stronger affiliation with nature may result in religious or spiritual attachment, which motivates further assimilation of the self with nature and a sense of oneness with the broader universe promoting communal relationship and mutual gain. Our study contributes theoretically with the discovery of three dimensions of extended self and how extended self influences responsible consumption. Practically, these insights are valuable for public policy, social marketing and sustainability programs, for example, it highlights a possible solution to our unsustainable consumption behaviour which is, programs or activities which encourage our citizens to spend time with nature.

本稿는 安養市의 一般系 D高等學校 2학년 3개학급 학습자들을 대상으로 漢詩授業의 認識 및 그 敎育的 含意를 분석했다. 학습자들의 본문풀이 결과, 학습지에서 신습한자를 漢字辭典처럼 구성하면 학습자들의 독해력과 창의력 신장에 도움이 되었고, 교사의 설명과 시범은 학습자들의 문제해결에 많은 영향을 주었다. 六色思考帽 技法을 적용한 한시의 감상활동 결과, 작품의 분석과 표현기교에 대한 감상의 수준이 높아서, 한시감상에 六色思考帽 技法이 적절했다. 諺文風月은 漢詩의 形式美와 作家의 力量을 체험 할 수 있는 심화활동이었다. 학습자들의 漢詩授業 認識을 I-STATistic을 활용하여 統計分析했는데, 性別이나 授業前 成就 度는 한시수업의 만족도에 유의미한 변수가 아니었다. 두 번째로 授業前 漢文敎科와 漢詩授業에 대한 關心度는 漢詩授業의 滿足度와 상관도는 낮고 인과관계는 없었지만, 수업후 한시수업에 대한 관심도는 유의미한 결과가 도출되었기 때문에, 한시수업은 수업전 인식과 수업후 인식의 변화가 뚜렷했다. 세 번째로 협동학습법이 학습자들의 선호모형으로 판단되지만, 適用授業模型에 따른 漢 詩授業 滿足度는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 수업후에는 感受性 涵養에 교육적 의미를 찾을 수 있었 다. 따라서 교육과정상 한시단원은 반드시 수업에 적용해야 될 當爲性이 높았다.

본 연구에서는 해양·수산분야의 대학생 자원봉사활동에 대한 자료를 수집하여 활동유형을 유류방제작업, 어촌봉사활동, 해안 정화작업 등으로 분석하였다. 또한 자원봉사 참여자 대부분은 환경보호, 보람, 사회교류, 특별체험, 자연과의 동화측면에서 만족하고 있었다. 주제측면에서 체계성, 효율성, 활동의 다양성, 자원홍보활용, 봉사이후 보상, 자기봉사역량 측면에서 불만족스러워 한다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 대학생 자원봉사의 정책적 측면에서 해양·수산분야의 자원봉사를 증진시킬 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다.