이 연구의 목적은 고등학교 교사를 대상으로 긍정정서 및 부정정서, 그릿, 스트레스, 삶의 만족 간의 관계를 검증하는 데 있다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 352명의 고등학교 교사들에게 긍정정서 및 부정정서 척도, 그릿 척도, 스트레스 척도, 삶의 만족 척도를 실시하여 자료를 수집했다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그릿은 긍정정서 및 부정정서가 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향을 부분매개했다. 둘째, 그릿은 긍정정서 및 부정정서가 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 부분매개했다. 셋 째, 스트레스는 긍정정서 및 부정정서가 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향을 부분매개했다. 넷째, 그릿과 스트레스는 긍정정서 및 부정정서가 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향을 이중매개했다. 이 연구의 결과는 고등학교 교사들의 삶의 만족을 높이려면 교사들이 긍정정서를 많이 경험하고 부정정서를 적게 경험하도록 하며, 그릿을 높이고 스트레스를 낮추도록 해야 함을 시사한다.

Purpose - The study aims to provide the relationships between the social servicescape and customer’s emotion and voluntary behaviors were investigated in this study. The social servicescape was largely divided into service employee’s image and other customers (in customer’s similarity, physical appearance and suitable behavior). Firstly, the relationship between service employee’s image and customer’s positive emotion was investigated as a specific purpose of study. Secondly, this study attempted to understand the relationship between other customers (in customer’s similarity, physical appearance and suitable behavior) and customer’s positive emotion. Lastly, the relationship between customer’s positive emotion and customer’s voluntary behavior dimension (intention to cooperate, intention to participate in and loyalty) was examined. Research design, data, & methodology – In order to prove the hypotheses in this study, the customers who have experienced family restaurants during the last two months were targeted for a survey. A total number of 300 survey papers were distributed and as a result, 248 papers could be used for analysis, except the papers with insincere answers. After the analysis of the reliability and validity of each major variable, the hypothesis was verified through the structure method by using Amos 20.0. Results - First, the results of hypothesis testing on the relationship between social servicescape and customer’s positive emotion showed service employee image gives a positively meaningful impact on customer’s positive emotion. Secondly, the results on the relationship between other customers and customer’s positive emotion indicated that the customer’s similarity and physical appearance has a positively significant impact on customer’s emotion while customer’s suitable behavior has not a significantly positive impact on customer’s positive emotion Lastly, customer’s positive emotion was shown to have a significantly positive influence on customer’s voluntary behavior dimension, that is, intention to cooperate, intention to participate in and loyalty. Conclusions - This study aims to focus on and emphasize the social servicescape and its importance, which is different from the previous studies that have been focused largely on physical servicescape. Such results in this study indicated the social servicescape (service employee’s image and other customers) as an important factor that affects customer’s positive emotion and voluntary behavior.

Purpose - Present study investigates character identification and emotional response to character that may affect consumers' intention to purchase the character-attached products. And this study explores whether symbolic relevance and object relevance affect the character identification, and whether character attractiveness and character salience affect the emotional response to characters. Research design, data, and methodology - SNS characters, animated characters, game characters, and traditional characters were used as experimental characters. And stationery as experimental product was used. 250 college students participated in the empirical study, and structural equation model was used to verify hypotheses. Results - First, the character identification and emotional response to characters affected the intention to purchase the products positively, and the emotional response to characters also positively affected character identification; second, symbolic relevance had no positive impact upon character identification, while object relevance had positive influence on character identification; and third, character attractiveness and salience had a positive effect on the emotional response. Conclusions - Present study contributes to the progress of character theories. Marketers should find ways to increase consumers’ object relevance to characters and the level of characters' attractiveness and salience in order to promote the intent to purchase the products.

목적: 본 연구는 유소년 축구선수의 역경 극복 경험을 기반으로 한 축구 긍정심리자본 개념을 탐색할 목적으로 진행하였다. 방법: 긍정심리자본에 관한 선행연구 고찰하여 개방형 설문지를 제작해 서울과 경기 지역에 위치한 유소년 축구클럽 소속의 초ㆍ중등학교 축구선수 73명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 이후 검사지 개발 및 타당도 검증을 위해 262명의 유소년 축구선수가 참여하였으며, 확인적 요인분석을 위해 273명의 유소년 축구선수가 자료를 제공하였다. 수집된 개방형 설문지 자료는 귀납적 내용분석을 통해 범주화 하였으며, 범주화를 토대로 도출 된 결과는 SPSS 19.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 기술 통계 분석, 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석으로 결과를 도출하였다. 결과: 첫째, 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본은 총 114개의 원자료가 수집되었으며, 자기 신념, 한계 극복, 인내, 성장 발판 등 9개 하위 범주로 분류되었고, 이는 자기효능감, 회복탄력성, 낙관성, 희망 등 4개 범주로 분류되었다. 둘째, 탐색적 요인분석을 도출한 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본 결과는 평균과 표준편차, 왜도와 첨도 등 비교적 타당한 결과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본은 14문항이 적합도 수준에 있어 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 유소년 축구선수는 주관적 경험과 해석에 따른 역경을 경험하지만 자신의 심리자원을 토대로 극복하여 긍정심리자본을 형성하였다. 본 연구가 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본개념을 이해함과 동시에 유소년 선수의 축구 긍정심리자본 구축에 관심의 계기가 되기를 기대한다.

The purpose of the study was to reveal positive psychological and therapeutic horticultural factors that improve the quality of life for elderly women. After IRB certification, we recruited 40 elderly (over age 65) women from Ilsan Presbyterian Church who volunteered to join this study during July and August 2016. They were divided into 2 groups of 20 (control and experimental). The experimental group was subjected to eight weeks’ positive horticultural therapeutic programs with such content as the ‘making of dry-flower name tags, earthenware flowerpots, flavor pockets, flower arrangements in cups, dry-flower fans, flower baskets, grass dolls, and praise bouquets.’ No treatment was given for the control group. Afterwards, evaluation was conducted via a questionnaire for such characteristics as self-respect, satisfaction, personality and talent. The data were collected and analysed by use of ‘SPSS version 21.0 program’. Much higher scores were revealed in the experimental group after 8 weeks’ horticultural therapy in comparison with the control group. Most of the high scores were in areas related to “Self-Respect Among the Elderly Women,” such as ‘self-confidence, cooperative mind, optimistic mind, satisfaction, self-respect, presence, positive outlook, accomplishment, and sense of excellence’(p＜0.01). Also for the experimental group, there were high level scores in the items of the “Satisfaction with Elderly Women’s Lives,” such as with ‘sense of regret, sense of failure, boredom/tedium, sense of fatigue, suffering, anger and annoyance, sense of dissatisfaction, melancholy, and despair,’ after 8 weeks’ on the horticultural therapeutics program(p＜0.01). The experimental group also showed high levels scores in most items of the “Personality and Talent in Elderly Women” such as in ‘the pursuit of meaning, personal relationships, reliability, sincerity/acceptance, compassion, sympathy, being earnest, responsibility, self-awareness, altruism, respect & praise for others, and grace’(p＜0.01). Subjects’ responses for the experimental group after PHTP were as follows: ‘happiness, hope, and gratitude‘ at 20.0%,’brighter outlook‘ at 15.0%,’love and learning’ at 10.0%, and ’grace‘ at 5.0%. Results of the positive horticultural therapeutics showed its effectiveness in improving the quality of life for elderly women. Therefore, we recommend performing and gradually expanding the program for other groups of elderly women.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of positive horticultural therapy (PHT) on the self-respect and the personality and talent in elderly women. Elderly women were divided into 2 groups as the control and the experimental group, which performed a positive horticultural therapy program for eight weeks. The results were summarized as follows: self-respect was recognized in all factors of ‘Self-confidence, cooperative mind, optimistic mind, satisfaction, self-respect, presence, positive outlook, accomplishment, and sense of excellence’ Positive horticultural therapy programs were positively related to improving self-respect and quality of life of the elderly women (p<.01). The personality and talent score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in all factors: ‘[t]he pursuit of meaning, personal relationships, reliability, sincerity/acceptance, compassion, sympathy, being earnest, responsibility, self-awareness, altruism, respect and praise for others, and grace’ (p<.01). Also it can be confirmed that it has a positive effect on the mental, physical, and social lives of the elderly women. Therefore, positive horticultural therapy with horticultural therapy and positive psychology, be confirms that the above results are very useful for improving the self-respect and quality of life in elderly women; also, it can be suggested that the above results are very useful for improving self-respect or quality of life of various objects.

This study intended to apprehend preference factors in the automobile purchase decision of Korean consumers. This study in particular apprehended an optimal combination of automobile selection attributes through preference attribute analysis, such as brand type, fuel type, brand personality, engine displacement, and other characteristics among automobile selection attributes. This study also intended to suggest a combination of automobile selection attributes that Korean prefer by presenting a preference analysis of demographic characteristics attributes of the respondents using a conjoint analysis method. Korean consumers at large preferred imported semi medium sized hybrid automobiles with excellent performance, appearance and distribution network accessibility. That is, they preferred global brand automobiles with excellent performance.

Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is a known to modulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in 3T3-L1. However, the possible role of DPHC in integument stability during obesity induction is not clear yet. We evaluated the effects of DPHC on collagen or elastic fiber quantity in integument during obesity induction with high-fat diet. The dorsal back integument sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, Masson trichrome, and Verhoff-Van Gieson. The intensities of collagen fibers and elastin fibers were analyzed with ImageJ. The number of fibroblasts was counted at ×1,000 fields. The number of fibroblast was increased by obesity induction, but DPHC suppressed it in a concentrationdependent manner both in lean and obese mice. On the other hand, the intensities of collagen fibers were increased by DPHC treatment in obese mice groups but not in lean mice groups. The intensities of collagen fibers of obese mice were lower than that of the lean mice in 0% group. However, the number became similar between lean and obese mice by the treatment of DPHC. The intensity of elastic fibers was increased in the lean mice with the concentration of DPHC. In the obese mice group, there were increasing patterns but only significant at 10% DPHC group. The intensity of elastic fibers of obese mice was higher than lean mice in 0%, 1%, and 10% groups. Histologically epithelial cells and follicle cells which were diffused nuclear staining forms were increased by DPHC treatment. The results suggest that the activity of integument cells during obesity induction can be modulated by DPHC.

Guillain-Barré syndrome can be classified with several subtypes along with the union of each symptom. Autoimmune mechanism is accepted for pathogenesis. It is often difficult to predict the causative antibodies of the various types of Guillain- Barré syndrome, because there are considerable mismatches of causative antibody to clinical phenotype as well as phenotype or antibody heterogeneities. We investigated the clinical characteristics of the patients with positivity of anti-gangliosides antibody in the serum. Nineteen patients were enrolled who showed the positivity of anti-GM1 antibody, anti-GQ1b antibody and anti-GD1b antibody, who had visited the department of neurology of Chosun University Hospital. We classified the three patient groups; 8 patients had positivity for anti-GM1 antibody, 10 patients for anti-GQ1b antibody and 8 patients for GD1b antibody. The result of statistical analysis showed no clinical difference within the groups. Therefore, prediction of causative autoantibody can be risky when we considered only the symptoms and course of disease of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Purpose: Today, mindfulness become popular in medicine, psychology, physical education and so on. Mindfulness-based course began to be used in the educational field's formal curriculum. Many researches show that mindfulness-based class increase a lot of psychological qualities. Positive psychological capital is the state of personal positive psychological development and contributes to individual productivity. There are some studies, proving mindfulness-based interventions influenced on subfactors of positive psychological capital. This study tried to test whether mindfulness-based course could change the student's positive psychological capital. Methods: 164 participants were divided into 3 groups. Fifty-five were assigned to mindfulness based subjects as experiment group, 54 participants to yoga class, and 55 to general cultural subject as control group. During a semester, three classes were proceeded and some scales, including positive psychological capital, positive and negative emotions, and mindfulness were administered at pretest and posttest. Results: Significant differences were observed in all variables. Positive psychological capital, positive emotion, and mindfulness in mindfulness and yoga classes increased significantly and negative emotion in both classes decreased significantly, compared to control group. Conclusion: As a result, mindfulness-based class and yoga-based class could increase positive psychological capital and it is promising that mindfulness-based class can be included in curriculum.

Seed germination is a key developmental transition that initiates the plant life cycle. The timing of germination is determined by coordinated action of two phytohormones, gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). In particular, ABA plays a key role in integrating environmental information and inhibiting the germination process. Utilization of embryonic lipid reserves contributes to seed germination by acting as an energy source, and ABA suppresses lipid degradation to modulate the germination process. Here, we report that the ABA-responsive R2R3-type MYB transcription factor MYB96, which is highly expressed in embryo, regulates seed germination by controlling the expression of ABA-INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4). In the presence of ABA, germination was accelerated in MYB96-deficient myb96-1 seeds, whereas the process was significantly delayed in MYB96-overexpressing activation-tagging myb96-ox seeds. Consistently, myb96-1 seeds degraded a larger extent of lipid reserves even in the presence of ABA, while reduced lipid mobilization was observed in myb96-ox seeds. MYB96 directly regulates ABI4, which acts as a repressor of lipid breakdown, to define its spatial and temporal expression. Genetic analysis further demonstrated that ABI4 is epistatic to MYB96 in the control of seed germination. Taken together, the MYB96-ABI4 module regulates lipid mobilization specifically in the embryo to ensure proper seed germination under suboptimal conditions.

A pepper bZIP transcription factor gene, CabZIP2, was isolated from pepper leaves infected with an a virulent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). Transient expression analysis of the CabZIP2-GFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the CabZIP2 protein is localized in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. The acidic domain in the N-terminal region of CabZIP2 that is fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain is required to activate the transcription of reporter genes in yeast. Transcription of CabZIP2 is induced in pepper plants inoculated with virulent or avirulent strains of Xcv. The CabZIP2 gene is also induced by defense-related hormones such as salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethylene. To elucidate the in vivo function of the CabZIP2 gene in plant defense, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in pepper and overexpression in Arabidopsis were used. CabZIP2-silenced pepper plants were susceptible to infection by the virulent strain of Xcv, which was accompanied by reduced expression of defense-related genes such as CaBPR1 and CaAMP1. CabZIP2 overexpression (OX) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Together, these results suggest that CabZIP2 is involved in bacterial disease resistance.

게임은 다양한 인문학적인 상상력과 공학적인 상상력이 융합되는 첨단 종합문화예술이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 대한민국의 게임산업은 위기를 맞이하고 있다. 그 위기를 타개하기 위한 한 방편으로 정서유발스토리텔링의 순기능성을 연구해 보고자는 것이 본 논문의 집필 목적이다. 이 논문은 MMORPG의 대표적인 게임인 <WOW (World of Warcraft)>의 서사에 드러난 다양한 정서유발 사례를 텍스트로 선정하였다. 본 연구를 통해 <WOW>의 핵심 구성요소인 세계관, 캐릭터, 사건에 드러나고 있는 정서유발이 게이머에게 어떤 자극을 일으키고 있는가에 대한 사례들을 단편적으로나마 살펴 볼 수 있었다. 그 결과, 게임산업의 부정적인 인식을 해소하고 산업적 위기를 타개하기 위해서는 게이머의 마음을 움직일 수 있는 정서스토리텔링이 하나의 방법론이 될 수 있다는 사실을 확인하는 계기가 되었다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Sport psychological skill training(PST) based on positive psychology on psychological variables and frontal EEG asymmetry, a psychophysiological index of affect, motivation and anxiety. Methods: Participants were seven shooting athletes whose mean age were 18.3 years. They participated 8 sessions of positive psychology-based psychological skill training program which consisted of a 60 min short lecture and group counseling sessions. Psychological variables (affect, psychological skill, and state sport confidence) and cortical activation at F3, F4, F7, F8, T3, T4 were collected under two conditions(before and after competition recall) before and after 8 sessions of psychological skill training. Electroencephalography(EEG) asymmetry scores and cortical activation at left and right each electrode sites were analyzed. Results: State sport confidence was increased following PST. Before PST, frontal EEG alpha asymmetry scores(FAS) after competition recall was lower compared to FAS before competition recall. However, FAS was not decreased after competition recall following PST. Conclusion: These results suggest that sport psychological skill training based on positive psychology appears to increase state sport confidence and to enhance cortical activation at left frontal region, which is related to positive affect and approach motivation.

기능성 게임은 개인과 사회에 긍정적인 변화를 유도할 수 있는 가능성이 높다. 그러나 아직까지 국내에서는 이 이슈에 대한 연구가 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 비장애인들에게 시각장애를 체험하게 함으로써 비장애인과 시각장애인이 서로 소통하고, 이해하며, 화합할 수 있도록 인식변화를 유도하기 위해 마르크 르블랑의 8가지 재미요소와 이안 보고스트의 설득게임을 참고하여 기능성 게임을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발한 게임을 플레이하기 전과 후에 게임 사용자들에게 설문조사를 하였고, 설문 결과의 분석에 기초하여 설득 게임이 게임 사용자의 인식변화를 유도할 수 있다는 사실을 부분적으로 검증하였다.

The metalloid arsenic (As) and the hevy metal cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitously found at low concentrations in the earth, while high concentrations of the both elements in soil and crop are severe dangerous to human health. We have tried to retrieve RING E3 ligase gene, which is believed to regulate substrate proteins in As or Cd uptake via ubiquitin 26S proteasome pathway, related to inhibit metal ion transport system. A total of 48 rice RING E3 ligases were randomly selected and then conducted semi-quantitative RT-PCR for their expression patterns as exposed to As and Cd treatments. We discovered one gene, Oryza sativa heavy metal induced RING E3 ligase 1 (OsHIR1) that was significantly up-regulated against both treatments. A total of 31 positive interaction clones with OsHIR1 were screened depending on their strong α-galactosidase activity via yeast-two hybrid screen. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis evidenced that the OsHIR1 protein was clearly interacted with each of six partner protein including aquaporin tonoplast intrinsic protein 4;1 (OsTIP4;1) in the plasma membrane. Protein degradation assay showed that OsHIR1 strongly degraded the protein level of OsTIP4;1 via ubiquitin 26S proteasome system. Heterogeneous overexpression of OsHIR1 in Arabidopsis showed As- and Cd-insensitive phenotype. In addition, the transgenic plant showed low levels of As and Cd accumulation than the control plant in leaf and root. Here, we report the novel finding that OsHIR1 E3 ligase positively regulates OsTIP4;1 related to As and Cd uptake.

본 연구에서는 긍정의 말과 의도가 애기장대의 발아와 생체중에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 매번 200개의 애기장대 종자를 4개의 묘판에 각각 50개씩 파종하였고 이를 3차례 반복 실험하였다. 10개의 긍정적인 말과 부정적인 말을 개발하여 사용하였으며, 사람의 음성과 기계음(test-to-speech software, Voice TestTM)을 통해 각각의 말을 애기장대 종자에 들려주었다. 또한 사람의 의도가 종자에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험자로 하여금 부정적인 말은 부정적인 의도를 가지고, 긍정적인 말은 긍정적인 의도를 가지고 읽게 하였다. 긍정적인 말과 부정적인 말, 그리고 의도는 발아율에 유의미한 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나 평균 생체중 비교에서는 의도가 있는 사람의 긍정적 말이 애기장대의 생체중 증가에 유의하게 영향을 주었다. 따라서 애기장대에 긍정적인 의도를 포함하여 긍정의 말을 전달하였을 때 애기장대의 생체중에 크게 구별되는 효과가 있다는 점을 알 수 있다.