We investigate the infrared variability of carbon stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Our sample consists of 11,134 carbon stars identified in both visual and infrared bands. Among these, 1,184 objects are known Mira variables based on the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment III (OGLE-III) observations. We study the infrared variability of the entire sample using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) photometric data spanning the past 16 years, including the AllWISE multiepoch data and the Near-Earth Object WISE Reactivation (NEOWISE-R) 2024 final data release. We generate light curves using WISE observations in the W1 and W2 bands and compute Lomb-Scargle periodograms for all sample stars. From the WISE light curves, we derive reliable variability parameters for 1,615 objects. Among these, we identify 672 objects exhibiting clear Mira-like variations: 445 of these are previously known Miras from OGLE-III, while 227 are candidates for new Mira variables identified from the WISE data. We establish period-magnitude and period-color relations in both visual and infrared bands for the known Miras and the newly identified candidates from WISE data. We anticipate that these relations will serve as valuable references for studying carbon stars in other galaxies, including the Milky Way.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily triggered by bacterial infections, with periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis playing a pivotal role. We evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP-E) on human gingival fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOF) stimulated with P. gingivalis -derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Dried S. plebeia was extracted using 70% ethanol, yielding a 10.5% extract. Inflammation in hTERT-hNOF cells was induced using P. gingivalis LPS in conjunction with LPS-binding protein and CD14. SP-E was administered at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. Inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion were analyzed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results demonstrated a concentrationdependent antioxidant effect, with 62.98% radical scavenging activity observed at 200 μg/mL SP-E. In hTERT-hNOF cells, SOD activity increased from 4.88% (LPS-treated) to 45.78% with 100 μg/mL SP-E. RT-PCR analysis showed significant downregulation of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression following SP-E treatment. ELISA confirmed a reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (312.83 → 178.22 pg/mL), IL-6 (453.97 → 170.83 pg/mL), and IL-8 (480.14 → 276.86 pg/mL) levels with 100 μg/mL SP-E. These findings suggest that SP-E may offer therapeutic potential for preventing and managing periodontal disease by mitigating oxidative stress and modulating inflammatory cytokine expression. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and validate these effects in vivo .

본 연구는 고등학교 지구과학교육에서 ChatGPT가 제공하는 과학적 응답의 타당성을 분석하고, 그 한계 및 향 후 과제 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 15명의 지구과학 예비교사가 2015 개정 교육과정을 기반으로 지구과학 I과 지구과학 II의 내용을 바탕으로 총 600개의 질문-이유-확신도(Q-R-C) 프롬프트 구조의 문답을 생성하였다. 본 연구는 문서 분석(document analysis) 방법을 적용하여 ChatGPT의 응답을 과학적 타당성, 설명적 명확성, 교육적 적합성의 기 준으로 독립적으로 평가하였다. 분석 결과, ChatGPT의 응답 중 85% (N=510)는 과학적으로 타당했으며, 81.2% (N=487)는 설명적 명확성을 충족하였고, 78.7% (N=472)는 지구과학 교육과정에 부합하는 내용을 포함하고 있는 것으 로 나타났다. 반면, ChatGPT 응답의 한계로는 개념적 일관성 부족, 추론 기반 응답의 오류 가능성, 응답 수준의 불균형, 지역별 특이성 미반영이 확인되었다. 이는 ChatGPT가 개념 학습을 지원하는 교육적 도구로 활용될 가능성을 시사하지 만, 향후 효과적인 교수 전략을 통해 교사의 지도와 비판적 사고를 촉진하는 과정이 필수적임을 보여준다. 본 연구는 생성형 AI (Gen AI) 기반 도구가 지구과학교육에서 효과적으로 적용될 수 있는 방안을 탐색하며, 향후 교수·학습 설계 에서 고려해야 할 시사점을 제공한다.

이 논문은 중남미에서 방탄소년단의 인기가 우리 공공외교에 있어 어 떤 의미가 있는지를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방탄소년단의 인기는 누구나 공감할 수 있는 주제를 공유한다는 점, 팬들과 적극적인 소통을 한다는 점에서 찾을 수 있다. 특히 방탄소년단의 팬클럽 ARMY는 적극 적인 문화수용자, 능동적인 문화매개자, 실천하는 사회참여자이다. 팬클 럽이 주체가 되어 방탄소년단과 한국의 다양한 소식을 스페인어와 포르 투갈어로 번역하여 전한다. 때로는 집단지성으로써 의제를 형성하고 참 여한다. 즉 팬클럽이 가수의 음악뿐만 아니라 한국의 매력 요인을 직접 확산하고 참여한다는 점에서 우리의 소프트파워 자산이 될 수 있으므로 우리 정부는 방탄소년단과 ARMY의 쌍방향 소통을 우리의 공공외교에 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 할 것이다.

A specimens of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell, 1838) (92.7 mm in standard length) were collected from Jeju Island, Korea on July 19, 2023. The species is well distinguished from Hippichthys heptagonus by the number of trunk rings between the anus and dorsal fin (two in H. spicifer vs one) and the presence of black stripes on the abdomen (present in H. spicifer vs absent). It is also distinguished from Hippichthys penicillus by the direction of the lateral median trunk ridge (deflected in H. spicifer vs. straight). Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences (436 bp) showed a 99.1% match with H. spicifer. As this is the first record of such species in Korea, we suggest a Korean name “Jul-mu-nui-sil-go-gi”.

This study aimed to analyze the behavioral changes and stress responses of cultured leather carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) for repeated noise exposure. The acoustic stimulus was composed of twenty sets of one second duration noise with an average noise of 147 dB, which was repeated every five minutes. The behavioral changes of the fish were analyzed immediately after noise exposure, three hours, six hours, twelve hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours later. The stress hormone response was also analyzed and compared through blood collection. It was confirmed that the fish were significantly affected by the noise stimulus and unable to be free or adapt to it untill the end of the experiment. The cortisol concentration was also the highest at 38.2 ug/dL after six hours; the glucose concentration did not decrease over time, indicating that stress was maintained and had a significant effect.

An electric initiator is a component that is located in the thermal battery or propulsion unit to transfer energy first. Initiator tests include X-ray test, non-destructive leak testing, circuit/insulation resistance test, and CBT (Closed Bomb Test). Among them, CBT is a key element in evaluating the performance of initiator, and the reliability of the test results is important for judgment of the required performance. This study conducted inter-laboratory comparative tests to secure the reliability and repeatability & reproducibility of the initiator CBT. A comparative test was conducted with a mass production acceptance test agency to verify whether the reliability was secured.

본 연구는 제주도 모슬포 해역에서 채집된 대형 포식성 복족류인 붉은입두꺼비고둥(Tutufa bufo) 두 개체를 대상 으로 테트로도톡신(TTX) 존재 여부를 조사하였다. 일본에 서 채집된 붉은입두꺼비고둥의 내장에서 TTX가 검출된 사례가 보고된 바 있으며, 최근 제주도 남부 해역에서 해 당 종이 혼획되고 있으나, 한국 해역에 분포하는 붉은입 두꺼비고둥의 TTX 축적에 대한 정보는 부족하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경쟁적 효소면역분석법(cELISA) 을 사용하여 붉은입두꺼비고둥의 주요 연조직(전타액선, 구강부, 소화 선, 생식소, 아가미, 신장, 근육, 후타액선)을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 모든 조직에서 TTX 농도는 검출 한계 미만으 로 나타났다. 그러나 TTX 축적에는 개체 간, 지역적, 계 절적 변동 가능성이 존재할 수 있으므로, 한국 해역에서 붉은입두꺼비고둥의 TTX 축적 위험을 정확하게 평가하기 위해서는 추가적인 시료 확보와 계절별 연구가 요구된다.

준정부조직 콴고(QUANGO: Quasi-Autonomous Non-Governmental Organization)는 자율성과 독립성을 갖춘 비국가적 행위자로 국제관계 속에서 네트워크 촉매 역할을 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 콴고를 공공외교 관점에서 살펴보고, 어떤 요인이 네트워크 참여를 추동하는지 밝히는 것 이다. 개별행위자의 차원에서 조직구성원, 일시적 구성원, 잠재적 구성원 을 대상으로 인터뷰 설문조사를 수행하고 참여관찰자의 관점에서 조직의 특징을 추적 관찰했다. 분석결과 다음의 다섯 가지 시사점을 얻을 수 있 었다. 첫째, 조직의 형태와 조직문화는 조직구성원의 관계성에 영향을 미 쳤고, 조직에 따라 네트워크 추동요인(상호통제, 헌신, 만족, 신뢰)의 일 부가 발현되거나 모두 작동할 수 있다. 둘째, 조직구성원-일시적 구성원 에서 중요하게 나타난 신뢰의 관계성은 종류와 정도에 따라 다른 양태를 보일 수 있다. 셋째, 조직구성원-잠재적 구성원에서는 신뢰와 만족이 추 동원인으로 작동했고, 콴고의 보편적 가치 추구가 중요한 네트워크 결정 요인이었다. 넷째, 국가성을 배제한 연대의 정체성이 성공요인으로 작용 했다. 마지막으로 문화 간 커뮤니케이션의 윤리성과 공공성의 충족이 네 트워크 형성과 확대에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다.

Phosphine (PH3) fumigation has been widely used for controlling storedgrain insect pests, causing the development of resistance of stored-grain insect pests to phosphine. PH3 resistance in Sitophilus oryzae has been reported in Korea. However, PH3 resistance in Tribolium castaneum has not been reported yet. This study was conducted to determine susceptibilities of T. castaneum collected from five different domestic locations to PH3. The susceptibility to PH3 was investigated using the FAO fumigation method. All domestic T. castaneum individuals were controlled by PH3 at 0.04 g m-3. At 0.01 g m-3, T. castaneum collected from two domestic locations did not exhibit 100% mortality. A P45S point mutation in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) gene was found in a PH3-resistant strain of T. castaneum (Aus07), but not in five domestic stains or a PH3-susceptible strain (Aus10). No significant difference was found in dld or cyt-b5-r gene expression across all tested strains. However, the Gyeongju-collected strain of T. castaneum showed more than a 1.7-fold increase in cyt-b5-r expression compared to the Aus07 strain. cDNA sequence analysis revealed that P45S (C133T) in the dld gene was only present in Aus07. A characteristic single nucleotide polymorphism in the cyt-b5-r gene sequence was identified in the five domestic strains. This study suggests that it is necessary to continuously monitor PH3-susceptibility of T. castaneum in Korea to quickly identify resistant individuals and prevent the spread of PH3 resistance through rapid control.

본 연구를 통해 국내 미기록속인 그물나비속(Neope)의 검은눈그물나비(Neope muirheadii)를 처음으로 보고한다. 이 종의 채집지 정보와 간단 한 논평을 포함하여, 성충과 생식기의 사진을 함께 제시한다.

This study aims to develop effective strategies for stimulating seafood consumption in the growing young children market, particularly at a time when interest in healthy eating is increasing. To achieve this, data from the 2023 survey on changes in seafood consumption behavior of 1,000 domestic consumers by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency were utilized. The analysis was conducted using an ordered probit model, along with T-tests and chi-square tests to examine the determinants of seafood consumption. The results indicated that the presence of young children in a household significantly influences seafood consumption. This is largely due to the perception that seafood is beneficial for the health and safety of infants and toddlers. Households with young children prioritize food safety and convenience, showing a preference for pre-processed seafood, while households without young children tend to purchase unprocessed seafood and prepare it themselves. This study highlights the impact of having young children on seafood consumption and purchasing behavior, providing valuable insights for the development of targeted seafood marketing strategies and policies.

Al-Mg-Si alloys are light weight and have excellent corrosion resistance, and are attracting attention as a liner material for high-pressure hydrogen containers in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Because it has excellent plastic hardening properties, it is also applied to car body panel materials, but it is moderate in strength, so research to improve the strength by adding Si-rich or Cu is in progress. So far, the authors have conducted research on the intergranular fracture of alloys with excessive Si addition from the macroscopic mechanical point of view, such as specimen shape. To evaluate their impact tensile properties, the split-Hopkinson bar impact test was performed using thin plate specimens of coarse and fine grain alloys of Al-Mg-X (X = Cr,Si) alloy. The effect of the shape of the specimen on the characteristics was studied through finite element method (FEM) analysis. As a result, it was found that the intergranular fracture of the alloy with excessive Si depended on the specimen width (W)/grain size (d), which can be expressed by the specimen size and grain size. As W/d decreases, the intergranular fracture transforms into a transgranular fracture. As the strain rate increases, the fracture elongation decreases, and the fracture surface of the intergranular fracture becomes more brittle. It was confirmed that intergranular fracture occurred in the high strain rate region even in materials with small grain sizes.