High-rise buildings are equipped with TMD (Tuned Mass Damper), a vibration control device that ensure the stability and usability of the building. In this study, the seismic response control performance was evaluated by selecting the design variables of the TMD based on the installation location of the twisted irregular building. To this end, we selected analysis models of 60, 80, and 100 floors with a twist angle of 1 degree per floor, and performed time history analysis by applying historical seismic loads and resonant harmonic loads. The total mass ratio of TMDs was set to 1.0%, and the distributed installation locations of TMDs were selected through mode analysis. The analysis results showed that the top-floor displacement responses of all analysis models increased, but the maximum story drift ratio decreased. In order to secure the seismic response control performance by distributed installation of TMDs in twisted irregular buildings, it is judged that the mass ratio distribution of TMDs will act as a key variable.

Since atypical high-rise buildings are vulnerable to gravity loads and seismic loads, various structural systems must be applied to ensure the stability of the structure. In this study, the authors selected a 60-story twisted-shaped structure among atypical high-rise structures as an analytical model to investigate its structural behavior concerning the outrigger system. The structural analyses were performed varying the number of installed layers and the arrangement of the outrigger system, as well as the placement of the mega column, as design variables. The analysis revealed that the most effective position for the outrigger was 0.455H from the top layer, consistent with previous studies. Additionally, connecting outriggers and mega columns significantly reduced the displacement response of the model. From an economic standpoint, it is deemed efficient to connect and install outriggers and mega columns at the structure's ends.

In this study, we investigated the dynamic characteristics of three irregular building models to analyze the effectiveness of displacement response control with Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) installation in twisted irregular buildings. The three irregular models were developed with a fixed angle of twist per story at one degree, subjected to three historical seismic loads and resonant harmonic loads. By designing TMDs with linear and dashpot attributes, we varied the total mass ratio of the installed TMDs from 0.00625% to 1.0%, encompassing a total of 10 values. Two TMDs were installed at the center of the top story of the analysis model in both X and Y directions to evaluate displacement response control performance based on TMD installation. Our findings suggest that the top displacement response control performance was most effective when a 1.0% TMD was installed at the top layer of the analysis model.

Currently, the construction trend of high-rise structures is changing from a cube-shaped box to a free-form. In the case of free-form structures, it is difficult to predict the behavior of the structure because it induces torsional deformation due to inclined columns and the eccentricity of the structure by the horizontal load. For this reason, it is essential to review the stability by considering the design variables at the design stage. In this paper, the position of the weak vertical member was analyzed by analyzing the behavior of the structure according to the change in the core position of the twisted high-rise structures. In the case of the shear wall, the shear force was found to be high in the order of proximity to the center of gravity of each floor of the structure. In the case of the column, the component force was generated by the axial force of the outermost beam, so the bending moment was concentrated on the inner column with no inclination.

In this paper, a twisted shape structure with an elevation form favorable to the resistance of vibration caused by wind loads is selected from among the forms of high-rise buildings. The analytical model is a square, triangular, and hexagonal plane with a plane rotation angle of one degree from 0 to 3 degrees per each story. As a result of the analysis, as the twist angle increased, story drift ratio is increased. Responses with different eccentricity rates were shown by analytical models. Therefore planar shapes designed symmetrically to the horizontal axis of X and Y are considered advantageous for eccentricity and torsion deformation. In the case of the bending moment of the column, the response was amplified in the column supporting the base floor, the roof floor, the floor in which the cross-section of the vertical member changes, and the floor having the same number of nodes as the base floor. Finally, the axial force response of the column is determined to be absolutely affected by the gravity load compared to the lateral load.

In this paper, the dynamic response was analyzed by performing linear dynamic analysis using historic earthquake loads on twisted-shaped structures and fixed structure among free-form high-rise structures with atypical elevation shape following prior studies. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the analysis models according to the plane rotation angle of the twisted structure were compared and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, as the plane rotation angle of the twisted structure increased, the interlayer deformation rate increased in the high-rise part of 50th floors or more. The story shear force and the story absolute acceleration were similar in the entire structure. In the case of the story shear force, the response of the twisted shape model was rather reduced in the middle part. As a result of analyzing the dynamic response, the vulnerable layer where the response amplification of the twisted structure occurs was found to be 31st story.

In this study, structural characteristics were analyzed by combining gravity load and lateral loads such as seismic loads through static analysis of example structures, and the static characteristics of the twisted structure according to the plane rotation angle were also analyzed. Example structures were selected as regular structure, and twisted structures; 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 degree angle of rotation per story, and static analysis was performed by the load combination case 1 and case 2. As a result the story drift ratio of the twisted-shaped structure also increased as the plane rotation angle per story increased. The eccentricity according to the load combination was the highest in the lower stories of all analysis models, and the eccentricity was found to be larger as the rotation angle decreased. The twisted-shaped structure was more responsible for the bending moment of the column than the regular structure, and the vertical member axial force of all analysis models was almost similar.

본 연구에서는 정삼투 중공사막 모듈에서 중공사막의 가닥을 비틀어 배치하였을 때의 효과를 알아보기 위해 CFD 전산 유체 역학 프로그램을 통해 5개의 다른 각도로 비틀린 중공사막 모듈을 설계하고 시뮬레이션하여 비틀리지 않은 모듈과 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 중공사막이 비틀렸을 때, 모듈 내부의 유도 용액의 농도가 비틀리지 않을 때에 비해 고르게 분포하였 다. 모듈 입구의 압력은 중공사막의 비틀림과 관계없이 일정한 값을 보였지만 출구의 압력은 중공사막이 비틀린 정도가 커질 수록 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 출구의 압력이 높아짐에 따라 막 내부의 유체 속도가 감소하고 모듈 체류 시간이 증가하여 막 사이의 물질 교환이 원활하게 이루어질 것으로 예측된다. 이는 결과적으로 막이 비틀려 있을 때의 모듈 플럭스가 투과 수량 이 차지하는 비율이 그렇지 않을 때에 비해 2배 증가하였다.

이 논문에서는 지진 하중을 받는 꼬인 삼각대 지지구조를 갖는 해상풍력발전기의 지진 신뢰성 해석 방법을 제시한다. 수 평하중에 대해서 면외 변위가 발생하는 꼬인 삼각대지지 구조의 기하학적 특성과 지반의 비선형성을 포함한 지반-말뚝 상호작용을 고려하기 위한 구조물의 3차원 동적 유한요소 모델을 제시하였다. 지진신뢰성 평가를 위해 재현주기별 인공지진파를 사용한 시간이력 해석을 통해 말뚝 두부의 수평변위로 정의된 한계 상태식에 대하여 파괴확률을 산정하였다. 비선형 시간이 력해석에 의한 한계상태식 평가를 고려하여 효율적으로 신뢰성 해석을 하기 위해 Markov Chain Monte Carlo 샘플링 방법을 적용한 부분집합 시뮬레이션 방법의 적용을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법은 2차원 모델 및 정적해석만으로는 정확한 결과를 도출할 수 없는 꼬인 삼각대 지지구조를 갖는 해상풍력발전기의 신뢰성 평가 및 설계기준 개발에 활용될 수 있음을 보였다.

This report offers an economically reasonable seismic reinforcement to non-seismic mid/low reinforced concrete structures. Installed a slit in between the reinforced concrete frame and masonry infilled wall then inserted twist bar to prevent inversion and attached to the lower/upper beam. Confirmed the seismic reinforcement effect through static loading test. Total of 4 specimens were produced for the test, a masonry infilled wall without seismic reinforcement and with seismic slit or twist bar applied. As a result, applying the seismic slit and twisted bar was economically reasonable and seismic reinforcement effect was confirmed by showing stable failure, increase of maximum strength and yield displacement, increase of accumulated energy dissipation.

비정형 초고층 건물의 계획 및 시공이 늘어남에 따라 이 연구에서는 프로토타입 모델에 대한 시공단계해석의 적용을 통하여 비정형 초고층 건물의 시공 중 구조적 거동을 분석하고자 하였다. 비틀림 초고층 건물을 대상으로 횡력저항시스템, 비틀림각도, 공법 조건에 따른 총 18개의 모델을 선정하였다. 횡력저항시스템으로는 다이아그리드 시스템과 가새튜브 시스템을 적용하였으며, 각 횡력저항시스템별로 0〫, 1〫, 2〫 비틀림각도를 갖는 세 가지 평면 형태와 외곽 튜브와 내부 골조의 시공순서에 따른 세 가지 공법을 가정하였다. 시공 중인 초고층 건물의 구조적 성능은 시공단계해석의 횡변위 결과를 통하여 분석되었으며, 골조 공기와 최대 양중량과 같은 시공성능이 함께 비교되었다.

To determine the relative efficiency and mesh selectivity of gill net for the Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, a series of fishing experiments was carried out in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from August 13 to October 13 in 2002, using gill nets of different mesh size(30, 33, 35, 37, 39 and 42mm) constructed from two kinds of twine material(monofilament, twisted multifilament nylon web). The relative efficiency of two material gears was expressed as the ratio obtained by dividing monofilament catch by multifilament catch in number. The master selection curve of each material gear was estimated by applying the extended Kitahara's method. The catch of experimental gears is mostly Pacific saury(98.6%), Cololabis saira. The kinds of bycatch are common squid(0.7%), Pacific mackerel(0.6%), etc. Catch comparisons in the two gears showed that monofilament nylon nets are 1.7 times more efficient. The optimum values in monofilament and multifilament gill net for Pacific saury are 8.28 and 8.23, respectively.

Recent observations have shown that coronal magnetic fields in the northern (southern) hemisphere tend to have negative (positive) magnetic helicity. There has been controversy as to whether this hemispheric pattern is of surface or sub-surface origin. A number of studies have focused on clarifying the effect of the surface differential rotation on the change of magnetic helicity in the corona. Meanwhile, recent observational studies reported the existence of transient shear flows in active regions that can feed magnetic helicity to the corona at a much higher rate than the differential rotation does. Here we propose that such transient shear flows may be driven by the torque produced by either the axial or radial expansion of the coronal segment of a twisted flux tube that is rooted deeply below the surface. We have derived a simple relation between the coronal expansion parameter and the amount of helicity transferred via shear flows. To demonstrate our proposition, we have inspected Yohkoh soft X-ray images of NOAA 8668 in which strong shear flows were observed. As a result, we found that the expansion of magnetic fields really took place in the corona while transient shear flows were observed in the photosphere, and the amount of magnetic helicity change due to the transient shear flows is quantitatively consistent with the observed expansion of coronal magnetic fields. The transient shear flows hence may be understood as an observable manifestation of the pumping of magnetic helicity out of the interior portions of the field lines driven by the expansion of coronal parts as was originally proposed by Parker (1974).

This paper studies an effect of vibration on twisted string actuation inside conduit at high curvature angles. In our previous work. we have mentioned that twisted string actuators can be used to transmit power even at significant curvature angles of the conduit. However, several undesirable effects, namely pull-back, hysteresis, and chattering, were present during actuation due to friction between strings and the internal sheath of the conduit. This paper reports the results of experimental study on effects of vibration on twisted string actuation inside curved conduits. We have demonstrated that applying vibration generated near natural frequency of the system during the stages of twisting and untwisting cycles helped reduce pull-back and hysteresis and increase string contraction. In case when sheath was deflected by 180° under a constant load of 3 kg, we were able to achieve over 40% decrease in pull-back and 30% decrease in hysteresis, compared with no vibration case.

Twisted string actuators (TSAs) are tendon-driven actuators that provide high transmission ratios. Twisting a string reduces the length of the string and generates a linear motion of the actuators. In particular, TSAs have characteristic properties (compliance) that are advantageous for operations that need to interact with the external environment. This compliance has the advantage of being robust to disturbance in force control, but it is disadvantageous for precise control because the modeling is inaccurate. In fact, many previous studies have covered the TSA model, but the model is still inadequate to be applied to actual robot control. In this paper, we introduce a modified variable radius model of TASs and experimentally demonstrate that the modified variable radius model is correct compared to the conventional variable radius string model. In addition, the elastic characteristics of the TSAs are discussed along with the experimental results.

『바람 부는 밤의 광시곡』 은 T. S. 엘리엇의 초기시 중에서 가장 의미 파악이 힘든 시라고 볼 수 있다. 이 시는 전체의 이미지를 “비틀림,” “냄새,” “기억”이라는 단어들과 서로 연결시켜 놓았다. 『바람 부는 밤의 광시곡』 에서 화자는 바람 부는 밤 자정부터 새벽 네 시까지 도시의 가 로등 불빛과 달빛에 흔들리고 재배열되는 기억을 통해서 과거 속에 잠 자고 있는 또 다른 시간을 경험하게 한다. 본 논문은 엘리엇이 직·간접 적으로 베르그송의 시간 개념을 어떻게 광시곡에 펼쳐내는지를 살펴보 고자한다. 시인은 『바람 부는 밤의 광시곡』 에서 기억을 중심으로 비틀 어진 시간의 속성을 다시 흔들고 재배열하여 직선적 시간관을 극복해 보려한다. 본 논문은 『바람 부는 밤의 광시곡』 에서 엘리엇이 추구하는 베르그송적인 순수 기억이 순수과거, 즉 “버추얼”과 일맥상통하고 있음 을 밝혀내고자 한다. 그리고 시인은 “바람 부는 밤에”가 아닌 “바람 부 는 밤을 무대로” 해석할 만큼 시간과 기억의 타협 공간으로 “밤”을 사 용하였음을 보이고자한다.

This paper presents a new concept of a 1-DOF elbow exoskeleton driven by a twisted strings-based actuator. A novel joint actuation mechanism is proposed and its kinematic model is presented along with its experimental evaluation, and guidelines on how to choose the strings suitable for such an exoskeleton are given. We also proposed and experimentally verified a human intention detection method which takes advantage of intrinsic compliance of the mechanism. The study showed that the developed twisted strings-driven elbow exoskeleton is light, compact and have a high payload-to-weight ratio, which suggests that the device can be effectively used in a variety of haptics, teleoperation, and rehabilitation applications.