Diet is important for muscle health and offers a protective effects against the loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical functions with advancing age. We analyzed the relationship between diet, metabolic disease risk, and sarcopenia in Korean female adults using the 2009-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 2038 adult women aged 50-64 years were classified into four groups based on the diagnosis of menopause and sarcopenia. The groups were the non-menopause and non-sarcopenia group (NMNS, n=249), the non-menopause and sarcopenia group (NMS, n=14), the menopause and non-sarcopenia group (MNS, n=1,653), and the menopause and sarcopenia group (MS, n=122). The socio-demographics, anthropometrics, blood profile, and dietary data of the subjects were collected. Those who were in both the sarcopenia groups were more obese (p<0.001), had greater waist circumferences (p<0.001), higher body mass index (p<0.001), and higher obesity rates (p<0.001) after adjustment for covariants. Both the sarcopenia groups also had higher plasma levels of total cholesterol (p<0.001), HbA1c (p=0.001), and vitamin D (p=0.020) than both the non-sarcopenia groups. Both the sarcopenia groups demonstrated a decreased intake of calcium (p=0.05), potassium (p=0.008), and niacin (p=0.008) than both the non-sarcopenia ones. Among the four groups, the NMS group showed the highest levels of total cholesterol, obesity, and lowest intake of micronutrients such as calcium, niacin, and potassium. Thus, muscle mass maintenance through weight control and adequate nutrient intake appears to demonstrate a potential association with preventing sarcopenia in Korean middle-aged women.

Dietary components can modulate stress, inflammatory indicators, and health risk. This study examined the relationship among diet, metabolic disease risk, and perceived stress in Korean adult females using the 2017-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 4,353 adult women aged 19-64 years were classified into four groups according to perceived stress level: very high stress group (VHSG, n=225), high stress group (HSG, n=1,079), moderate stress group (MSG, n=2,532), and low stress group (LSG, n=517). Data collection included the sociodemographics, anthropometrics, blood profile, and dietary survey. After adjusting for covariates, those in the VHSG had a higher body mass index (p=0.013) and obesity rate (p=0.053) with a shorter sleep time than the LSG group. The VHSG also tended to have a higher plasma LDL-cholesterol, hsC-reactive protein and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin A, and vitamin E than the low stress group. High stress subjects demonstrated increased breakfast skipping frequency (p<0.0001), decreased fiber intake (p=0.001), potassium (p=0.041), and vitamin A (p=0.011) than the low stress ones. Therefore the perceived stress level was associated with the inflammatory indicators, obesity, and lack of anti-inflammatory or antioxidant nutrients. The dietary components may be an important mediator of stress and metabolic disease.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the development process of modern repair systems in the Korean peninsula. Sasungjeon, one of the main buildings of Jangansa temple located in Geumgangsan, was repaired from 1941 to 1944. It was the very last restoration work of historic wooden architecture performed during the Japanese colonial era. This work was delayed multiple times because of insufficient materials and human resources. The Bureau of Education(學務局), which was in charge of repair work, understood that the problems of the repair system and suggested reorganizing the system as a solution. This study examined the repair work of Sasungjeon as a background of the bureau’s suggestion and considered this suggestion as an attempt to transform the repair system.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association nutrition education experience in regards to metabolic risk and nutrition intake in Korean adult male using the 2016~2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as the reference. The study involved a total of 1,978 male subjects aged 40~64 who were classified into the 2 groups based on their nutrition education experience: Educated group (n=88) and non-educated group (n=1,890). The household income and education level of educated group were higher than those of the non-educated group. The two groups showed no significant difference in the level of fasting blood sugar, blood lipid profile including total cholesterol and triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and hypertension. Vitamin C intake of the educated group (127.5 mg) was higher compared to the non-educated group (88.2 mg) (p<0.05). The percentage of the subjects utilizing nutritional labels was higher in the educated group. The nutrition education experience was inversely proportional to lower Odds Ratio in hyperLDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.84) and HypoHDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.87). This result indicates that nutritional education can be used as an effective tool to avert chronic diseases and develop healthy eating habits.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of garlic on uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) transcriptional regulation of UCP2- luciferase transgenic mice fed on a high fat diet to induce obesity. To examine the transcriptional regulation of UCP2, we generated transgenic mice with a UCP2 promoter (-1,830/+30 bp) containing luciferase as a reporter gene. UCP2-luciferase transgenic mice were fed a 45% high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, mice were maintained on either a high-fat control diet (TG-CON), or high-fat diets supplemented with 2% (TG-GL2) or 5% (TG-GL5) garlic for a further 8 weeks. Dietary garlic reduced body weight and energy efficiency ratio in the TG-GL5 group, compared to the TG-CON group. Furthermore, garlic supplementation significantly decreased white adipose tissue fat mass and plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin in the TG-GL2 and TG-GL5 groups, compared to the TG-CON group. Specifically, UCP2 promoter activity in metabolic tissues such as liver, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle was increased by garlic supplementation. These results suggest that dietary garlic was partially associated with an increase of UCP2 transcriptional activity in metabolic tissues for decreasing obesity.

내시경역행담췌관조영술은 췌담도질환의 진단과 치료에 있어서 널리 사용되는 방법으로 췌장염이나 출혈과 같은 합병증이 많이 발생한다. EPBD는 출혈의 합병증 측면에 있어서 내시경 괄약근 절개술과 비교하여 장점을 가지고 있어서 응고장애가 있는 환자들에서 사용되곤 하며 대량 출혈이 발생하는 경우는 드물다고 알려져 있다. 우상복부 통증으로 내원한 68세 여자가 원위부 양성 담관 협착에 대해 EPBD를 시행한 이후의 출혈이 확인되었고 혈관조영술을 통한 색전술 로 지혈하였으나 대량 출혈로 인한 대사성 뇌병증이 발생하 였다가 지지적 치료로 호전되었다. EPBD를 시행한 이후 대사성 뇌병증을 유발하는 대량 출혈이 발생된 증례는 이전에 보고된 적이 없기에 저자들은 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

Compounding Binding words, transliteration words, and onomatopoetic words of Chinese language into the kind of onomatopoeia. Each word of its inside is called the character sued for onomatopoeia is thought to only record the one syllable sound without meaning. The result reveals, these characters are all independent morpheme, can all become words independently. The feasible reason of this research is, first, cut character temporarily ingrammar words. The second, word feature is different from word using. The third, Chinese character has its feature oneself ---- morphological features. This paper analyzes down from a point is identical with linguistics western. Enumerate seven reasons of the needing for internal word. Illustrate its morpheme, morphological feature, and use with examples. The researcher has the experience foundation that analyzing “hé”（和）, in idea has the commonality cognition - -morpheme between Chinese and English, the attention of the independent unit of Chinese - -individual feature of Chinese characters. This research can reset Chinese character’s location in linguistics.

자연계에 존재하는 다양한 지구물질의 조성은 여러 성분들로 구성된 다성분계이므로 자연계의 현상을 이해하기 위해서는 이러한 다성분계 지구물질의 구조를 규명하는 것이 필수적이다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 다성분계 비정질의 자세한 원자-나노 구조는 비정질 자체가 갖고 있는 여러 가지고유의 무질서도 등으로 인하여 최근까지도 정확히 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 일차원 O-17 MAS와 이차원 3QMAS NMR을 이용하여, 다성분계 비정질인 Ca-Na 알루미노규산염 [(CaO)x(Na2O)1-x] (A12O3)0.5(SiO2)6. CNAS)의 자세한 원자단위의 조성에 따른 변화를 보고한다. 비정질 CNAS의 비연결 산소 (non-bridging oxygen, NBO) 중 Ca-NBO는 Na/Ca 비율이 증가함에 따라서 (Ca, Na)-NBO를 형성한다. 이는 비정질 CNAS 내에서 비연결산소와 Ca와 Na 간에 강한 상호작용이 있음을 지시한다. 연결산소인 경우(bridging oxygen, BO, Si-O-Si나 Si-O-Al)의 경우에도 Na/Ca 비율에 따라, 감소의 폭이 비연결 산소보다는 상대적으로 작지만 화학차폐(NMR chemical shift)가 선형적으로 감소한다. 비정질 규산염의 연결산소의 결합각과 결합길이의 분포에 의해 결정되는 위상무질서도(topological disorder)는 Ca 함량이 증가할수록 비선형적으로 증가한다. 이러한 결과들은 비정질 CNAS의 구조가 기존에 알려진 데로 비연결산소만이 Na와 Ca 같은 구조교란양이온(network modifying cation)에 의해 많은 영향을 받는 것이 아니라 연결산소도 이들 양이온에 의하여 영향을 받음을 지시한다 이에 따라 다양한 양이온세기가 비정질의 무질서도에 미치는 영향을 정리하였다.