High-coercive (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B magnets were fabricated via dysprosium coating on Nd-Fe-B powder. The sputtering coating process of Nd–Fe–B powder yielded samples with densities greater than 98%. (Nd,Dy)2Fe14B phases may have effectively penetrated into the boundaries between neighboring Nd2Fe14B grains during the sputtering coating process, thereby forming a (Nd,Dy)2Fe14B phase at the grain boundary. The maximum thickness of the Dy shell was approximately 70 nm. The maximum coercivity of the Dy sputter coated samples(sintered samples) increased from 1162.42 to 2020.70 kA/m. The microstructures of the (Nd,Dy)2Fe14B phases were effectively controlled, resulting in mproved magnetic properties. The increase in coercivity of the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is discussed from a micro- structural point of view.
The study on the fabrication of iron powder from forging scales using hydrogen gas has been conducted on the effect of hydrogen partial pressure, temperature, and reactive time. The mechanism for the reduction of iron oxides was proposed with various steps, and it was found that reduction pattern might be different depending on tem- perature. The iron content in the scale and reduction ratio of oxygen were both increased with increasing reactive time at 0.1atm of hydrogen partial pressure. On the other hand, for over 30 minutes at 0.5 atm of hydrogen partial pressure, the values were found to be almost same. In the long run, iron metallic powder was obtained with over 90% of iron content and an average size of its powder was observed to be about 100 µm.
The iron oxides nanoparticles and iron oxide with other compounds are of importance in fields including biomedicine, clinical and bio-sensing applications, corrosion resistance, and magnetic properties of materials, catalyst, and geochemical processes etc. In this work we describe the preparation and investigation of the properties of coated magnetic nanoparticles consisting of the iron oxide core and organic modification of the residue. These fine iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared in air environment by the co-precipitation method using of Fe2+ : Fe3+ where chemical pre- cipitation was achieved by adding ammonia aqueous solution with vigorous stirring. During the synthesis of nanoparti- cles with a narrow size distribution, the techniques of separation and powdering of nanoparticles into rather monodisperse fractions are observed. This is done using controlled precipitation of particles from surfactant stabilized solutions in the form organic components. It is desirable to maintain the particle size within pH range, temperature, solution ratio wherein the particle growth is held at a minimum. The iron oxide nanoparticles can be well dispersed in an aqueous solution were prepared by the mentioned co-precipitation method. Besides the iron oxide nanowires were prepared by using similar method. These iron oxide nanoparticles and nanowires have controlled average size and the obtained products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, FESEM and other methods.
The electrochemical performance for the corrosion of zinc anodes according to particle size and shape as anode in Zn/air batteries was study. We prepared five samples of Zn powder with different particle size and morphol- ogy. For analysis the particle size of theme, we measured particle size analysis (PSA). As the result, sample (e) had smaller particle size with 10.334 µm than others. For measuring the electrochemical performance of them, we measured the cyclic voltammetry and linear polarization in three electrode system (half-cell). For measuring the morphology change of them before and after cyclic voltammetry, we measured Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE- SEM). From the cyclic voltammetry, as the zinc powder had small size, we knew that it had large diffusion coefficient. From the linear polarization, as the zinc powder had small size, it was a good state with high polarization resistance as anode in Zn/air batteries. From the SEM images, the particle size had increased due to the dendrite formation after cyclic voltammetry. Therefore, the sample (e) with small size would have the best electrochemical performance between these samples.
Nano-sized cobalt powder was fabricated by wet chemical reduction method at room temperature. The effects of various experimental variables on the overall properties of fabricated nano-sized cobalt powders have been investigated in detail, and amount of NaOH and reducing agent and dropping speed of reducing agent have been prop- erly selected as experimental variables in the present research. Minitab program which could find optimized conditions was adopted as a statistic analysis. 3D Scatter-Plot and DOE (Design of Experiments) conditions for synthesis of nano- sized cobalt powder were well developed using Box-Behnken DOE method. Based on the results of the DOE process, reproducibility test were performed for nano-sized cobalt powder. Spherical nano-sized cobalt powders with an average size of 70-100 nm were successfully developed and crystalline peaks for the HCP and FCC structure were observed without second phase such as Co(OH).
A novel route to prepare Nd-Fe-B magnetic particles by utilizing both spray drying and reduction/diffu- sion processes was investigated in this study. Precursors were prepared by spray drying method using the aqueous solu- tions containing Nd salt, Fe salt and boric acid with stoichiometric ratios. Precursor particles could be obtained with various sizes from 2 to 10 µm by controlling concentrations of the solutions and the average size of 2 µm of precursors were selected for further steps. After heat treatment of precursors in air, Nd and Fe oxides were formed through desalt- ing procedure, followed by reduction processes in Hydrogen (H2) atmosphere and with Calcium (Ca) granules in Argon (Ar) successively. Moreover, diffusion between Nd and Fe occurred during Ca reduction and Nd2Fe14B particles were formed. With Ca amount added to particles after H2 reduction, intrinsic coercivity was changed from 1 to 10 kOe. In order to remove and leach CaO and residual Ca, de-ionized water and dilute acid were used. Acidic solutions were more effective to eliminate impurities, but Fe and Nd were dissolved out from the particles. Finally, Nd2Fe14B magnetic particles were synthesized after washing in de-ionized water with a mean size of 2 µm and their maximum energy prod- uct showed 9.23 MGOe.
In this study, STS 316L powders with 3 wt.% Cu and 1 wt.% Sn known as corrosion-resistance reinforce- ment elements, are prepared to make different kinds of specimens, in which, 3 wt.% Cu and 1 wt.% Sn are added in different forms by mixing, alloying and fully alloying. After sintering in the same condition, the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and their mechanical properties of specimens are tested respectively. According to the comparison, STS 316L specimen sintered at 1270o C showed the most excellent mechanical property: HRB 78 (hardness), 1130.7 MPa (RCS), 26.6% (Fraction Wear), It was similar with the specimen made of STS316L and fully alloyed Cu and Sn pow- ders, meanwhile, the latter one appears the best corrosion resistance, 75hrs-salt immersion test results. In addition, the specimens with Cu and Sn powders additive showed relatively worse wear resistance in compared with STS316L spec- imen.
This manuscript reports on compared color evolution about phase transformation of α-FeOOH@SiO2 and β-FeOOH@SiO2 pigments. Prepared α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH were coated with silica for enhancing thermal properties and coloration of both samples. To study phase and color of α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH, we prepared nano sized iron oxide hydroxide pigments which were coated with SiO2 using tetraethylorthosilicate and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bro- mide as a surface modifier. The silica-coated both samples were calcined at high temperatures (300, 700 and 1000°C) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, CIE L*a*b* color parameter measurements, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The yellow α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH was transformed to α-Fe2O3 with red, brown at 300, 700°C, respectively.
Abstract This manuscript reports on compared color evolution about phase transformation of α-FeOOH@SiO2 and β-FeOOH@SiO2 pigments. Prepared α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH were coated with silica for enhancing thermal properties and coloration of both samples. To study phase and color of α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH, we prepared nano sized iron oxide hydroxide pigments which were coated with SiO2 using tetraethylorthosilicate and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bro- mide as a surface modifier. The silica-coated both samples were calcined at high temperatures (300, 700 and 1000°C) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, CIE L*a*b* color parameter measurements, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The yellow α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH was transformed to α-Fe2O3 with red, brown at 300, 700°C, respectively.
In the present work, 6061 Al-B4C sintered composites containing different B4C contents were fabricated and their characteristic were investigated as a function of sintering temperature. For this, composite powders and their compacts with B4C various contents from 0 to 40 wt.% were fabricated using a planetary ball milling equipment and cold isostatic pressing, respectively, and then they were sintered in the temperature ranges of 580 to 660o C. Above sin- tering temperature of 640o C, real density was decreased due to the occurrence of sweat phenomena. In addition, it was realized that sinterability of 6061Al-B4C composite material was lowered with increasing B4C content, resulting in the decrease in its real density and at the same time in the increment of porosity.
TiB2-reinforced iron matrix composite (Fe-TiB2) powder was in-situ fabricated from titanium hydride (TiH2) and iron boride (FeB) powders by the mechanical activation and a subsequent reaction. Phase formation of the composite powder was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and phase composition were observed and measured by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The results showed that TiB2 particles formed in nanoscale were uniformly distributed in Fe matrix. Fe2B phase existed due to an incomplete reaction of Ti and FeB. Effect of milling process and synthesis temperature on the formation of composite were discussed.