근래 산업은 기계 자동화로 변화하고 있는 추세이며, 선박도 센서를 통해 기기 정보를 디지털 정보로 얻는다. 하지만 선박은 기기상태 점검을 위해 선원들이 정해진 시간마다 기관실을 순찰하며 기기들의 정보를 아날로그 게이지를 통해 확인하는데, 이는 순찰 중 에 선원에게 발생할 수 있는 모든 안전 위험은 물론 시간과 기회비용 또한 소모된다. 자율이동로봇을 이용한 기관실 순찰 방법은 선원의 안전 위험은 물론 시간과 기회비용도 소모되지 않기 때문에 해결책으로 활발히 연구 중이다. 자율이동로봇을 이용한 아날로그 게이지 판 독은 로봇이 게이지를 인식하기 위한 디지털화가 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 이미지 처리를 이용하였다. 아날로그 게이지 이미지 는 이미지 전처리를 통해 노이즈 제거 및 특징을 부각 시켰다. 이미지 전처리를 완료한 이미지는 이미지 처리를 통해 아날로그 게이지의 중심점, 지침점, 최소값 및 최대값을 검출하였다. 이 점들을 연결한 직선을 통해 최소값부터 최대값까지의 각도 및 최소값부터 지침점까 지의 각도를 획득하였다. 각도는 수식을 통해 현재 아날로그 게이지가 나타내고 있는 값을 디지털화하여 나타내었다. 실험을 통해 이미지 처리를 통한 아날로그 게이지의 디지털화가 잘되어 게이지의 현재 지시값을 근사하게 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 알고리즘을 순찰로 봇에 적용한다면 기관실 순찰을 위한 선원의 안전 위험 및 시간과 기회비용까지 보전 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

인터넷과 빅데이터 시대에 혼돈을 기반으로 한 디지털 영상암호화 알고리즘에 대한 연구는 정보보안 분야 의 연구 핫스팟 중 하나가 되었다. 기존의 텍스트 데이터에 비해 디지털 이미지는 데이터의 양이 많고 중복 성이 높은 특성을 가지고 있습니다. DES, AES 및 RSA와 같은 기존 방법은 디지털 이미지 암호화 요구 사 항을 충족할 수 없습니다. 초기 민감도와 고유한 임의성 때문에 카오스는 암호화의 혼란 및 확산 개념과 매 우 일치하므로 카오스 이미지 암호화에 대한 연구가 빠르게 발전했습니다. 본 논문에서는 주로 혼돈 영상 암호화에 대한 연구를 수행한다. 평문 영상에 대한 키 의존성을 목표로 비트 평면과 개선된 로지스틱 맵 기 반 영상 암호화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 알고리즘은 스크램블된 일반 텍스트 이미지의 낮은 4비트 비트 매트 릭스를 개선된 물류 맵의 제어 매개변수로 사용하여 일반 텍스트 이미지에 대한 키의 종속성을 높이고 놀 라운 일회성 비밀 특성을 갖습니다. 서로 다른 비트의 이미지 정보에 따라 서로 다른 강도의 암호화 알고리 즘을 설계하여 알고리즘의 효율성을 높입니다. 영상 암호화의 확산 모드를 목표로 하이퍼 카오스 시스템과 블록 모듈로 기반의 영상 암호화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 알고리즘은 하이퍼 카오스 시스템을 사용하여 카오 스 시퀀스를 반복적으로 생성하고, 암호화된 픽셀 주위에 임의의 이미지 블록을 분할하고, 블록의 픽셀 값 에 대해 적분 모듈로 연산을 수행하여 암호화된 픽셀 회색 값을 얻음으로써 확산 범위를 효과적으로 확장 하고 확산의 무작위성을 향상시킵니다.

The fashion industry analyzes the value of its essence with ecological design and is expressed as an innovative sculpture using digital technology. Accordingly, this study explores ecological images and digital technologies, categorizes types and derives their meanings through analysis of ecological images shown in modern digital fashion. A literature survey was conducted on ecological images and digital technology as a theoretical background. To analyze the expression type and internal meanings of ecological images, designs with ecological formability were selected and analyzed from related journals, books, and internet sites. The finding are as follows: The expression type was first identified as organic curved garment silhouettes of a non-material liquid with digital retouching. Second, ecological fashion design includes structural shape that applies the silhouette of an organism and patterning of the ecosystem. Third, ecosystems consist of interactions between components of an ecosystem that appear in the interactive type. Accordingly, the internal meanings of ecological images in modern digital fashion are: first, digital fashion can encircle the inherent concepts of nature as organic collections of individuals; second, digital ecological images emphasize a sense of community with coexistence and harmony, playing a complementary role; and finally, the images express perceptual features by providing people with transcendent experiences. This study is significant as it analyzes new formative features based on ecological systems in the digital fashion environment, establishes an aesthetic system through internal meanings, and enhances awareness of human-natural relationships.

The aim of this study is to select MLMA and Noen Eubanks as representatives of Gen Z’s unique subculture ‘E-girl’ and ‘E-boy’ to analyze fashion images and determine their meaning through the perspective of persona. To conduct this study, a literature review and case studies were combined and fashion images of E-girl and E-boy appearing on social media were analyzed to identify the personas they expressed. A case study of MLMA and Noen Eubanks’ Instagram and TikTok account posts showed that grotesque, kitsch, and gender-related images stand out. The digital personae demonstrated by E-girl and E-boy fashion images were demonstrated to be a strange persona that reject perfect beauty and a playful persona escaping from reality and anxiety. Lastly persona of individual identity was shown to be formed. This study provides a basis for understanding and interpreting Gen Z’s culture and aesthetics that will lead to future trends. Based on this study, I hope that various studies on E-girl and E-boy apparel will be conducted, and that by understanding the importance of E-girl and E-boy culture for Gen Z (which is paying attention to fashion trends), this can be used as a marketing strategy to consider their characteristics, with data used to inform design development.

The digital image correlation method is useful and widely used to measure the deformation of thin film materials for mechanical testing and provides full-field deformation of the specimen. The accuracy and precision of the digital image correlation method depends on the quality of the image obtained during the test. The noise included in the digital image causes errors in the calculated displacement results. Strain is calculated by differentiating the displacement, so the effect of noise is amplified in the calculated result of strain. Therefore, noise is one of the most important factors in measuring displacement using images. In order to evaluate the effect of noise, one hundred images were taken continuously in a stationary state and the distribution of the local strain was calculated using digital image correlation. If the size of the subset is greater than 15×15pixel, the calculated results for strain show that the effect of noise is within the maximum error range of 1% and the standard deviation is 0.11% or less.

OBJECTIVES : Visibility at night can be improved by using retroreflection for short distances and phosphorescent line markings for long distances. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the phosphorescent line marking through a laboratory luminance test. Field performance analysis was performed through tests conducted on the road. We also examined the luminance measurement methods using the digital image obtained during the phosphorescent visibility evaluation. METHODS : In this study, the laboratory luminance test of the phosphorescent line marking was conducted using seven specimens to characterize the luminance changes according to the type of the glass beads, the thickness of the phosphorescent line marking, and the brightness and irradiation time of the light source. Phosphorescent and general line markings were made at 150 m to investigate the field luminance performance. A preliminary review of the luminance measurement methods was made using a digital image from a digital singlelens reflex (DSLR) camera. The measured luminance ratio of the general and the phosphorescent line markings was compared with the calculated luminance ratio using luminance analysis. RESULTS: Through the laboratory luminance test, it was seen that the change in luminance, which corresponds to the brightness of the light source, appears large but the influence of the thickness and irradiation time is low. The field performance test of the phosphorescent line marking conducted on the road involved measuring the luminance on the day the marking was made and 7 days after the marking was made. The luminance was found to be 190 mcd/m2 at 30 min after sunset and approximately 10-12 mcd/m2 4h after sunset. The results of the luminance test were captured using a digital image for each time group. The luminance ratio of the phosphorescent line marking, when compared to that of the general line marking, showed a similar trend within a 13% maximum error. Additionally, when this luminance ratio is compared to the direct field measurement, it could be confirmed that the luminance ratio, as captured in the digital image, showed a similar tendency. CONCLUSIONS : 1) The change in luminance corresponding to the brightness of the light source is significant in comparison with that corresponding to the thickness and the irradiation time. In addition, the results of the field test for the phosphorescent line marking satisfied the phosphorescent fire protection standard. 2) We examined the validity of the luminance measurement method using a digital image and we concluded that the change in the luminance ratio shows a similar tendency in both the cases. The results can form the basis for luminance measurement methodology for the construction and maintenance of phosphorescent line markings.

The purpose of this study is to reorganize any rusty image including natural modeling characteristic presented from the natural phenomenon to certain patterns in order to create the fashion design that are valued in the expansion of independently expressional area and modeling art. As a method for research, the author analyzed the concept and characteristic for rust with a base of theoretical background by the documental research and realistic consideration, analyzed its modeling characteristic through domestic and overseas pictures, and e-documents as data, inspected the modeling activities of various categories that various images were adapted related to rust, looked into the concept of Digital Textile Printing and its producing procedure as an expressional method, and analyzed the examples of modern dress and its ornament making use of Digital Textile Printing. The conclusions of this study are as below. First, the rust occurred due to the natural phenomenon is the bond with different material like metal, each unique modeling characteristic occurs and harmony of various patterns has abundant aesthetic value. Second, the author could endowed sensible characteristic and speciality with works and could produce creative fashion design that painting, abstractive pattern and harmony of unique sense of colors are significant by using the image of rust, Third, to emphasize natural feeling of rust, the author could develop creative design that simple silhouette and impressive pattern look significant by reorganizing and applying rust according to repetition, increment, rhythm, contract, emphasis and harmony. Fourth, Digital Textile Printing method is used to induce visual effect by the expression of feels of rust, and the author could express the natural patterns, delicate expression for the feels of a material and unique design of emotion.

Focused on the performance of interactivity in the appreciation of media art, this study is associated with the continually changed art texts and a participator's physical reactions to savor the art. Digital works of art emphasizing interactivity usually decentralize and disperse the responsibility and the central role for creating and producing the art works. Proper procedure of the work is generated by actions such as clicking the mouse, controlling the joy stick or actual movement of anticipators' bodies. The art works are influenced by participators' interactivity, which makes the leading roles and the responsibility for creating art scattered and divided. These features are similar with those of the ‘Rhizome’ which Gilles Deleuze(1925~1995) and Félix Guattari(1930~1992) have discussed. In their argument, ‘Rhizome’ is an interval or being ‘between’, which keeps changing. ‘Rhizome’ is a state in which the individual and the work of art never reach the conclusion, only a phenomenon of eternally altering. Like ‘Rhizome’, this sort of art work has the decentralized system, opens for several directions, and activates the system which is changeable as linked items increased or decreased. These works stimulate the individual to perform and act while appreciating the art piece. In terms of processing and preceeding, interactivity is the important equipment and catalyzer. Through these procedures, the pieces can be the ‘floating work of art’ combined and condensed with the whole participators' reactions. The ‘floating work of art’ is neither the expression of an individual nor that of one particular group. Multidimensional influence of the web is the web which is constantly reorganizing and producing in its connective state. This connective state is activated by interactivity. The Rhizomatic system embodies the floating work of art process. Due to each individual perceiving art in individualistic terms, there is no dominating powers or central points. I regard this art works possessing above traits as the work of art with Rhizomatic system. The work of art with the Rhizomatic system is embodied through interactivity and because physical action activates the process of appreciation, a participator can actually experience and practice the philosophy. Ultimately the Rhizomatic speculation occurs during the interactivity of appreciating the Rhizomatic art pieces. The Rhizomatic system penetrates into the intuitive area beyond our recognition and thoughts, as we are engaged in the connective process. With the methods and manners of interactive art, we can possibly reconsider the system as a tool in which the participator is directly able to link experience and theory to the philosophies of Deleuze and Guattari.

이미지의 재현은 미디어의 스키마(schema)를 통한 현실의 재편집된 형태의 전달 또는 환영의 생산이었다. 미디어의 초기 매체인 사진 이미지는 실재를 증거로 하기 위한 주요 특성으로부터 출발하였고 그러한 특성이 사실이든 아니든 그것은 사진 이미지가 가지고 있는 사실이라는 유사성에 기여하는 힘을 제공하였다. 미디어 환경 변화 이후, 웹을 기반으로 하는 소통구조는 이미지를 소통의 언어로 세상을 ‘보는’방식과 ‘보여주는’ 방식에 대해 적극적인 자아-제시적 콘텐츠로 디지털 이전의 시각체계(재현과 소통구조 안에서 대상을 어떻게 볼 것인가(Ways of seeing)?)에서 드러났던 대상성의 재현 방식과는 다른 그들의 풍부하고 재미있는 실체의 시각적 환영을 미디어 놀이 문화에서 재현하고 있다.

An archiving system designed to enable documenting database of astronomical images, with functions of search and download, is being developed by Korean Astronomical Data Center(KADC) of Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(KASI). The system consists of three PCs for web server, database server, and system management server. The search program for the web environment is operated in the web server. In the management server, several utility program we developed are installed: input program for the database, program for transfer from fits to jpg files, program for data recovery and management, and programs for statistics and connect management. The collected data would be sorted out by the system manager to input into the database. The online input is possible in an observatory where the data is produced. We applied the content management system(CMS) module for the database management. On the basic of CMS module, we set up a management system for the whole life cycle of metadata from creation and collection to storage and deletion of the data. For the search function, we employed a technique to extract indices from the metadata. In addition, MySQL is adopted for DBMS. We currently display about 2,700 and 25,000 photographs for astronomical phenomena and astronomical objects on the data, respectively.

이 연구에서는 디지털 이미지 분석법을 활용하여 북동태평양 ODP Leg 204 시추 코아 시료에서 산출된 부유성 유공충 Neogloboquadrina pachyderma 권각의 감긴 방향을 컴퓨터 프로그래밍으로 결정하였다. 이것은 유공충 군집 이미지에서 N. pachyderma 개체를 자동 인식하게 한 것이며, N. pachyderma 권각 방향을 컴퓨터 프로그래밍으로 결정할 수 있도록 고안한 것이다. 이 알고리즘을 이용한 새로운 판독 방법을 사용한 결과 유공충 시료에 대한 정량 분석이 빠르게 수행될 수 있게 되었으며, 실제현미경을 통한 관찰 결과와 비교하였을 때 약 90% 만큼 높게 일치하였다. 이 수치는 컴퓨터를 이용한 디지털 이미지 분석이 미고생물학 분야에 성공적으로 적용될 수 있다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

This research presents a uniaxial static stress estimation method for concrete structures by using digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element method. DIC is employed to measure the displacement field, which is induced by drilling a small hole on the concrete surface. The initial static stress level can be estimated by comparing the measured displacement field to that from the corresponding finite element model. A series of experiments in the laboratory environment is conducted to validate the proposed method.

This paper presents an automated determination technique of optimal subset sizes for digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of speckle patterned images. The smaller subset size would typically have the higher DIC accuracy with respect to local minute deformation, but insufficient speckle pattern information within the excessively small often augment DIC errors due to lack of correlation features. Therefore, optimal subset size determination is crucial for the precise DIC analysis. To automate the optimal subset size determination process, first, the reference and test speckle pattern images are obtained from the target structure surface with a certain time interval. Then, an initial seed point which will be used for the subset center point is assigned on the reference speckle pattern image. Subsequently, normalized cross correlation (NCC) between the reference and test images is performed by increasing subset sizes from the seed point. Next, the matching distance between the two images is calculated using the maximum correlation coefficient. As the subset size increases, the matching distance between the two subsets converges a certain value. It physically means that the sufficient correlation features will be included in the subset. Finally, the optimal subset size can be determined by selecting the minimum subset size where the matching distance value starts to be converged. The proposed technique is experimentally validated using an aluminium plate with sprayed speckle pattern.

Assessment of surface cracks is important to ensuring the health of concrete structures. Traditional visual inspection processes are time-consuming and their performance depends heavily on the inspector’s skill and experience. In this paper, digital image processing techniques are employed to monitor the surface cracks in concrete. The automated processing method is proposed for further implementation to an flight drone.

우리는 흔히 은유적(METAPHORICAL)인 표현으로서 아날로그 이미지(ANALOG IMAGE : AI)또는 디지털 이미지(DIGITAL IMAGE : DI)라는 표현을 사용한다. 예를 들어 브라운관 TV를 보면 AI라고 느낄 것이며, 최근의 디지털TV를 보면 DI로 느끼는 것을 의미한다. 이와 같이 제품으로부터 AI와 DI를 느끼게 하는 시각적 자극요소에는 사람에게 그렇게 느끼게 하는 어떤 특정한 스테레오타입(STEREOTYPE : ST)이 존재할 것이라는 가설을 세우고 그것이 무엇인지 실험을 통하여 밝히려 하였다. 1차 2차 실험결과 여러 다양한 요소가 관련되어 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 그 중에서도 AI를 가진 제품에서는「곡선적」「둥근」그리고, DI를 가진 제품에서는「심플한」「각이 있는」「사각의」「직선적」등 기하학적 형태와 관련된 요소가 매우 강하면서도 서로 상이하게 나타나 AI와 DI를 구분 짓게 하는 중요한 ST요소라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이렇듯 형태에서 느껴지는 AI와 DI의 상이한 ST가 존재한다는 결과로부터 형태요소가 AI와 DI를 구분 짓는 중요한 요소라는 점에 착안하여「형태(shape)」요소에 초점을 맞추어 3차 실험을 진행하였다. 실험은 삼각형으로부터 점점 원으로 변환해가는 과정에 있어서 사람들의 AI에서 DI로의 변화시점을 확인하고자 하였으며, 피험자들로부터 그 변화 시점을 명확히 확인해 볼 수 있었다. 즉 AI와 DI의 변화 시점이 존재한다는 것은 AI와 DI의 판단에 있어서 ST가 확실히 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다.

외과적으로 가슴의 볼륨 측정은 석고법, 가슴 X선 사진을 이용한 가슴의 볼륨을 산출하는 방법과 MRI, 3차원측정 시스템 등을 이용한 측정 방법들이 주로 이용되었다. 그러나 최근 화장품 영역에서 가슴 볼륨 증가 및 탄력개선제품의 증가로 효능평가가 필요하나 외과적 방법들의 적용은 어려운 실정이다. 그리하여 본 연구는 화장품 영역에서 최초로 등고선 사진을 이용하여 가슴 탄력개선을 평가하였다. 또한 가슴둘레 측정, 디지털 이미지 분석, 3차원 가슴이미지 분석 값과의 상관성을 비교하였고 등고선 사진평가를 가슴의 탄력을 평가하는 새로운 방법으로 제안하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 병력조사 및 피부 상태 진단을 통해 건강한 여성 피험자 30명이 시험에 참여하였다. 피험자로 하여금 제품사용 전과 2주, 4주, 8주 후 시점에서 가슴둘레 측정, 유두점의 각도와 거리 분석, Moire’s Topography를 이용한 scoring, 3D가슴측정을 실시하여 가슴확대 및 탄력개선 정도를 평가하였다. 평가 결과 디지털 이미지를 분석결과 유두점의 각도(Angle)는 시점별로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. 유두점으로부터 밑가슴까지의 길이(Length)는 시점별로 유의하게 증가하였다(p < 0.05). 또한, 유두점으로부터 밑가슴까지의 높이는 4주 후, 8주 후 시점에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p < 0.05). Moire’s Topography Score 평가 결과 각 시점별로 유의하게 개선하였다(p < 0.05). 3차원 가슴 부피 분석 값은 각 시점별로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 상관성 분석결과 Moiré tophography score는 디지털 이미지 분석 값 중 길이, 높이와 유의한 상관성이 있었고 3차원 부피 분석 값과 유의한 상관성이 관찰되었다. 따라서 Moire’s Topography Score 평가는 이미지 분석과 3차원 부피분석 평가법과 더불어 화장품에 의한 탄력 및 처짐 개선을 평가하는 데 중요한 평가방법으로 사용될 것으로 사료된다.