본 연구는 중국 허베이성 소재 정정고성(正定古城)을 사례로 경관문맥 보전 및 형성을 위한 지표 도출 을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 문헌 및 관찰조사, 전문가를 대상으로 한 Delphi법과 AHP법 그리고 탐방객을 대상으로 한 IPA법에 의해 고성의 경관문맥 보전 및 형성전략을 주도할 지표를 추출하였다. 문화경관 보전이라는 핵심쟁점에 대해 경관문맥의 관점에서 종합하고 평가하여 문화경관의 보전전략 과 발전방향을 모색한 결과 시간 차원의 ‘중층성(重層性)’과 공간 차원의 ‘융합성(融合性)’이라는 2개 상위지표가 경관문맥의 의미와 기본 속성에 최적화된 개념으로 부상되었으며, 각각의 가중치는 0.620 과 0.379로 드러났다. 중요도와 만족도 구분없이 경관의 심미성과 시대적 연속성은 정정고성의 경관문 맥을 주도하는 중요지표로 부상되었으며, AHP가중치와 IPA중요도치의 통합분석 결과 경관 풍격의 연 속성과 경관 독특성의 하위지표는 정정고성의 장소정체성 요인으로 전문가와 탐방객에게 인식되고 있었다. 특히 ‘고성 정신과의 일관성’ 지표야말로 고성경관의 현상유지는 물론 전승해야 할 최고의 정 신문화임이 밝혀졌다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how Korean and Japanese use disagreements and negative assessments to frame their actions a joke, and to examine the differences in framing strategies in natural conversation between friends. I have found the following differences between Korean conversations and Japanese conversations: (A) In Japanese conversation speech level shifts and formulaic expression were used as contextualization cues that signal a joke while Korean used personal pronoun shifts and in some case, negative assessments were uttered without apparent contextualization cues. (B) To avoid the possibility that their utterance is regarded as a face-threatening act, Japanese speakers shift a frame by clearly expressing that their utterance is a joke. As a result, hearers participate in the joke frame without being misled. On the other hand, Korean speakers frequently utter negative assessments without apparent contextualization cues and tend to rely on how hearers interpret the frame.

This study investigated the effects of using comic strips and context on the vocabulary learning of Korean high school students. Ninety high school students participated in the study and they were divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups using comic strips and using context, respectively. In addition, questionnaires were used to investigate students’ attitudes toward English vocabulary learning. The results of the study revealed that there were statistically significant differences in productive vocabulary retention among three groups in terms of short-term memory. In particular, the experimental groups showed high short-term memory rate compared with the control group, which may mean that the use of comic strips and context in English vocabulary learning is effective in improving learners’ productive vocabulary retention. Also there was a statistically significant difference in productive vocabulary retention among three groups in terms of long-term memory. The experimental groups showed a high long-term memory rate compared with the control group. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the two experimental groups showed more positive attitudes towards English vocabulary learning. This may suggest that teaching vocabulary with comic strips and context could be effective for students in English classes, and it is very helpful to develop various activities using comic strips and context.

Autonomia movement that emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerist (operaismo) communism gives historical and discursive context to Manfredo Tafuri’s famous criticism of ideology. His thesis on the death of architecture was a radical criticism of Keynesian intervention which was a strategy to cope with the Great Depression. For him, this capitalist development had taken away ideological prefiguration from architecture. At least Tafuri’s this early intellectual phase was formed in the wake of magazine Contrapiano and Antonio Negri’s influence. Tafuri almost entirely adapted Negri’s thought on the importance of capitalist innovation that was uncovered by Keynes, Schumpeter, and Manheim and the periodization in modern history. When we read Tafuri’s text with this concrete context, we can avoid being plunged into his abstruseness. On the other hand, 1980’s Korea cannot understand Tafuri comprehensibly. 1980’s situation to struggle to acquire democracy prescribed only one mode of reception of Tafuri’s historiography in Korea. Tafuri’s so-called pessimist view point could not satisfy student activists. They want to take intellectual means to sustain student movement and to secure political dynamics of protest. But at the same time they have anxiety to understand tafuri’s thesis that they consider ad a critical theory for Korean Architecture. Double contexts of Tafuri’s criticism of ideology bring to light to historicize both Tafuri’s historiography itself and reception of his text in Korea.

This study examined the effects of teaching contextual inference and word association strategies on 5th grade elementary school students' vocabulary knowledge development. A total of 56 students participated in the current study, as divided into either the contextual inference group or the word association group. The vocabulary proficiency levels of the participants were also considered and the students in each group were further divided into either the upper level group or the lower level group. The participants experienced six treatment sessions, and in each session they had to study five vocabulary items using each of the two vocabulary learning strategies. The posttest and delayed posttest results indicated that both strategies were effective for the vocabulary knowledge development of the upper level group as well as the lower level group. Some possible implications for elementary school English classrooms in Korea are discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 CT와 3.0T MRI 기기를 이용하여 간문맥을 묘출하는데 있어서 신호대 잡음비와 대조 도대 잡음비의 정량적인 수치를 비교 분석 하여 최적의 영상장치를 알아보고자 하였다. 2018년 2월부터 2018년 4월까지 C대학교병원에서 CT와 3.0T MRI 간 검사를 시행한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 의료영상저장전 송시스템로 전송된 데이터를 무작위로 선정하였다. 정량적 평가를 위하여 간문맥의 4부위(주문맥, 우문맥, 좌문맥, 중간문맥)의 동일한 관심영역을 선정 후 신호평균값과 표준편차를 측정하여 SNR과 CNR값을 평가 하였다. 평가결과 SNR은 CT에서 우문맥 : 9.18±0.72, 좌문맥 : 9.41±0.84, 중간문맥 : 9.54±0.59, 주문맥 : 9.55±0.75이고 3.0T MRI에서 우문맥 : 22.29±2.03, 좌문맥 : 25.89±3.19, 중간문맥 : 24.39±2.87, 주문맥 : 26.64±2.30으로 측정되었다(p<0.05). CNR은 CT에서 우문맥 : 3.75±0.66, 좌문맥 : 3.44±0.65, 중간문맥 : 3.71 ±0.39, 주문맥 : 3.79±0.68이고 3.0T MRI에서 우문맥 : 9.49±0.65, 좌문맥 : 11.00±01.90, 중간문맥 : 12.70 ±1.75, 주문맥 : 10.01±0.98으로 3.0T MRI가 CT보다 높은 수치로 측정되었다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 4부위의 간문맥을 분석한 결과 SNR과 CNR값이 3.0T MRI에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 CT와 3.0T MRI에서 간문맥을 묘출하기 위한 최적의 영상장비는 비전리 방사선을 이용하는 3.0T MRI가 우위로 나타났다.

본 연구는 EFL 학습자들이 강화 입력 문맥(enhanced input context) 과업 활동을 통해 분해적 (decomposable) 및 비분해적(non-decomposable) 숙어들을 어떻게 다르게 즉각적 회상(immediate recall) 하고 기억유지(retention) 하는지를 조사하였다. 이는 선행연구 등에서 주장하는 분해적 숙어가 비분해적 숙어보다 이해 처리과정에 유리하다는 주장과 이와 관련된 숙어이해 처리과정에 관한 의미적 분해성(semantic compositionality) 의 역할에 대한 견해와 이에 반하는 견해를 논의의 바탕으로 하였다. 이를 위해 동사 구절 (동사+관사+명사) 형태를 갖는 12개의 목표숙어 (6 decomposable idioms & 6 non-decomposable idioms)가 선정되었고 학습자들은 강화입력 문맥, 즉 볼드체(bolding) 와 우리말 주석(L1 glossing) 이 있는 목표 숙어들을 보면서 하나의 목표 숙어 당 3개의 문장에 목표 숙어들을 빈 칸에 채워 넣기(cloze production) 를 하며 그 문맥의 의미를 이해하는 과업 활동을 하였다. 결과 분석에 의하면 비록 학습자들은 두 유형의 숙어에 있어서 전체적으로 높은 비율의 수용적 (receptive) 및 생산적(productive) 단기회상(immediate recall) 과 수용적 장기기억 유지(delayed retention) 를 나타냈지만, 비분해적 숙어가 분해적 숙어보다 수용적, 생산적 단기 회상 및 수용적 장기기억 유지에 있어 현저하게 의미 있는 결과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 숙어를 구성하는 단어들의 의미를 추측하여 더 빨리 이해 처리한다는 분해성의 효과에 반하는 결과로써, L2 학습자들이 강화된 입력 문맥의 이해와 함께 목표어를 쓰는 연습(cloze production)을 이용한 과업 활동을 통해 숙어를 연습할 경우 오히려 비분해적 숙어가 하나의 긴 단어처럼 문맥 안에서 그 의미를 더 잘 이해하고 기 억할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

In this paper, we present a practical palce and object recognition method for guiding visitors in building environments. Recognizing palces or objects in real world can be a difficult problem due to motion blur and camera noise. In this work, we present a modeling method based on the bidirectional interactionbetween places and objects for simulataneous reinforcement for the robust recognition. The unification of visual context including scene context, object context, and temporal context is also. The proposed system has been tested to guide visitors in a large scale building environment(10 topological places, 80 3D objects)

Abstract This paper presents a speaker recognition system intended for use in human-robot interaction. The proposed speaker recognition system can achieve significantly high performance in the Ubiquitous Robot Companion (URC) environment. The URC concept is a scenario in which a robot is connected to a server through a broadband connection allowing functions to be performed on the server side, thereby minimizing the stand-alone function significantly and reducing the robot client cost. Instead of giving a robot (client) on-board cognitive capabilities, the sensing and processing work are outsourced to a central computer (server) connected to the high-speed Internet, with only the moving capability provided by the robot. Our aim is to enhance human-robot interaction by increasing the performance of speaker recognition with multiple microphones on the robot side in adverse distant-talking environments. Our speaker recognizer provides the URC project with a basic interface for human-robot interaction.

In this paper, we introduce visual contexts in terms of types and utilization methods for robust object recognition with intelligent mobile robots. One of the core technologies for intelligent robots is visual object recognition. Robust techniques are strongly required since there are many sources of visual variations such as geometric, photometric, and noise. For such requirements, we define spatial context, hierarchical context, and temporal context. According to object recognition domain, we can select such visual contextx. We also propose a unified framework which can utilize the whole contexts and validates it in real working environment. Finally, we also discuss the furture research directions of object recognition technologies for intelligent robots.

The purpose of this paper is to describe and classify various relics found in English and to account for linguistic motivations behind the existence of relics by looking at their linguistic contexts. Although there are previous studies of relics, most of them focused on either a single particular form or a mere taxonomy of some relics, even the latter being rare. No systematic studies have been done about the linguistic context retaining relics. The examination of phoneme, morpheme, meaning, word, construction, and word order relics shows that compounds, affixation, and idiomatic phrases tend to retain relics. It is argued that the formulaic property of those linguistic expressions motivates the occurrence of a relic, whereby the syntactic and semantic structures of the expressions become so opaque as to be unfeasible for a linguistic change.