Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, the copper dependent amine oxidase, oxidizes lysine residues in extracellular collagen and elastin. LOX increases the strength of the extracellular matrix and plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis. It has been reported that increased LOX protein and RNA are found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover some studies regarded LOX as a prognostic marker of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However there has not been any report on LOX expression of salivary gland tumors. Here, we investigated LOX expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary gland and compare it to those of pleomorphic adenoma (PA). We evaluated LOX expression in eighteen MEC, eighteen ACC and twenty PA cases by immunohistochemical examination. Whereas PA showed relatively low density of LOX expression, ACC revealed more cases that showing high staining intensities for LOX. Significantly increased LOX expression was found in the cases of ACC when compared to those of PA (P = 0.010).

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. It is biphasic and is characterized by an admixture of epithelial and spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells in a variable background stroma. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a malignant biphasic salivary gland tumor typically composed of clear myoepithelial cells that surround epithelial-lined ducts resembling intercalated ducts. The differential diagnosis between the two tumor may be occasionally encountered because of the shared histophatologic feature. And then, it would be more reliable to differentiate the tumors based on biological behavior such as the expression of distinct intermediate filaments such as cytokeratin, invasiveness- related molecules, and the growth factor receptor to aberrantly facilitate the tumor growth, and the growth fraction of tumors. Therefore, from the 10 cases of PA and 6 cases of EMC, we immunohistochemically examined the differential expression of the cytokine 7 and 14, matrix metalloproteinase-9, C-KIT, and Ki-67 between the two tumor. At the results, there were significant differences of CK7 expression in non-luminal cells (P = 0.000) and CK14 expression in luminal and non-luminal cells of the both tumors (P = 0.025 and P = 0.000, respectively). In the comparison of the biologic behavior, a significantly increased expression of MMP-9, C-KIT and Ki-67 was found in the cases of EMC when compared to those of PA (P = 0.043, P = 0.011, and P = 0.000, respectively). In conclusion, the differences of CK expression in luminal and non-luminal cells between PA and EMC seem to reflect the difference of the origin and the level of the maturation of the tumor cell. Increased expression of MMP-9, C-KIT, and Ki-67 in EMC may represent more aggressive biologic behavior of the tumor compared with benign salivary tumor such as PA. Our results may be helpful to understand the histiogenesis of the two tumors and the difference of biologic behavior and to differentiate them when the limited specimen was submitted. Further study of many more cases of EMC is needed to validate the usefulness of these molecules as the diagnostic aid.

This study was performed to comprehend the plasma proteins expressed specifically during early pregnancy in pregnant or non-pregnant Hanwoo using proteomic analysis technique. Plasma samples (0, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 11 weeks after AI) were obtained from pregnant (P, n=3) or non-pregnant (NP, n=4) Hanwoo, respectively. To evaluate proteins differentially expressed, 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was conducted. Normalized protein spots were selected for the significant expression variation deviated over two fold in its expression level between two groups. Molecular functions of the proteins were DNA binding, protein binding, hemoglobin binding, ferrochelatase and transporter activity and arylestera, respectively. According to western blotting, haptoglobin was specifically expressed only in NP group during early pregnancy; however, paraoxonase 1 was highly expressed in pregnant group. Based on these results, pregnancy was maintained successfully by the activation of specific plasma proteins associated with immune system and antioxidant regulation during early pregnancy in Hanwoo

The pattern of wound healing process differs markedly according to the cell types. Gingival wounds heal more rapidly without scar, however dermal wounds show collagen laid down in thick disorganized patterns and keloid formation. This h as b een s uggested t o be d ue t o the presence of d ifferent E C M components a nd c ytokines a s well a s growth factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential expression of genes in connection with keloid formation in gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) in response to inflammation. In this study, we investigated the differences between hGFs and hDFs in the expression and production of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) which play important roles in collagen deposition in wound healing. The hGFs and hDFs were primary cultured and allocated to arachidonic acid (AA) treatment group and control group. Protein and mRNA were extracted right after (0 hr) and 24 hr after AA treatment. At a defined concentration of AA in hGFs and hDFs, MTT assay was performed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2, TGF-β, collagen 1 and 3, MMP 1 and TIMP 1 were examined by Real-time PCR and Western blots. The amounts of PGE2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of COX-2 and TGF-β exhibited reduced levels in hGFs , but were increased in hDFs at 24 hr after AA treatment. Production of PGE2 was increased in hGFs and hDFs at right after AA treatment but, not changed at 24 hr after AA treatment. The protein and mRNA expression of collagen 1 and 3 were decreased in hGFs , whereas increased in hDFs at 24 hr AA treatment. Expression of MMP-1 protein was increased in hGFs at 24 hr but, was decreased in hDFs at 24 hr compared with that of control. The protein expression of TIMP-1 was decreased in hGFs but, was increased in hDFs at 24 hr compared with that of control. These observations demonstrate differential expression between gingival and dermal fibroblasts in regulation of collagenolytic capacity by extracellular matrix-associated genes in keloid formation associated with wound repair.

Amino acids a re required fo1' protein synthesis and energy sources in all living cell s. System L amino acid trans porters neutral amino aci cls i n a Na +' - independent manner. In ma 1ignan t tumors the L-type amino acid t ranspor te r 1(LA1'1), the first isoform 0 1' system L. is highly expressed to suppor t tumo1' cell growth. ln the present study, the expression 0 1' the system L amino acid transporter and BCH cytotoxicity were examined and compa red in both rat gli a l and C6 g lioma cel ls 1'he rat glia l cells expressed the L-type arnino acid t ra nsporter 2(LA1'2). the second isoform 이 system L, with its subu ni t 4F2hc. whereas the LA1'1 was not expressed. 1'he C6 glioma cells expressed LA1'1 with 4F2hc but not LA1'2 1'he [14C]L-leucine uptakes by the glial and C6 glioma cells were inhibi ted by BCH in a co ncent ration-d e pendant man ner wi th the lC50 values of 270.0 :t 13.7 μ M and 73.1 :t 4.5 μ M, respectively. 1'he cell g rowth was inh ibi ted by BCH in the time, concen tration-dependant manner in the gli al and C6 glioma cell s . 1'he rate of cell growth inhi bit ion induced by BCH in the C6 glioma cells was hi gh er than that in the gli al cells 1'hese results s uggesL that the tra ns ports of neutra l amino acids inc1uding several essenti al amino acids into rat g lial and C6 glioma cel ls a re for the most part mediated by LA1'2 and LA1'1, respectively. Therefore‘ the rat glia1 and C6 gJioma cells are excell ent tools for examing the proper ties of LA1'2 and LA1'1, respectively. Moreover, the spec너 i c inh ibi tion 0 1' LATl in cancel cells might be a new rationa le f'or anti -cancer therapy

In the present study, different expression of protein from Taekwang was revealed by 2-DE, and expressions of protein on each week after flowering was investigated. After analysis of expression of protein, MALDI-TOF was executed to identify expected protein function. Results revealed that there were three patterns of expression of protein during the maturing. The first pattern was that proteins were gradually expressed as up-regulation from 1 week to 6 week. The second pattern was that proteins were expressed gradually from 1 week to 5 week and then it started down-regulation in 6 week. The last pattern was that proteins were gradually as up-regulation from 1 week to 3 week and then down-regulation until 6 week. This phenomenon suggests that young stage has more protein related to correspondence mechanism against disease and growth and then maturing stage has more expression of protein related to storage protein. In MALDI-TOF analysis, p24 oleosin isoform A protein was identified that relates oleosin which is synthetic product in oil body. This protein spot increased gradually until 5 week and then decreased after 5 week. It explained that the protein is active until maturing stage to protect oil in seed and then its activity has gradually degraded. This result may be expected that a protein, related to growth of a seed has increased until maturing and then a seed fills up with a storage protein

흑색계(캠벨어얼리, 거봉, 머스캇베일리에이)와 적색계(노스레드)의 4종류의 포도 품종에 대하여 안토시아닌의 조성을 분석하고 과피에서 추출한 안토시아닌 색소의 색발현을 조사하였다. 조사한 4종류의 품종에서 모두 12종류의 안토시아닌을 확인할 수 있었으며 흑색계 품종에서 특히 머스캇베일리에이 품종은 안토시아닌 조성이 가장 다양한 반면 적색계의 노스레드는 안토시아닌 조성이 비교적 단순하였다. 포도 과피에서 안토시아닌 농축액을 조제한 후 품종별 색 발현

성장을 멈추고 있는 원시난포(primordial follicle)에서 난포발달이 개시되어 1차난포(primary follicle)로 발달하는 조절기전은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이 초기 난포발달 과정에 관여하는 유전자를 알아내기 위해 suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH)을 사용하였다. 생후 1일과 5일째의 생쥐 난소로부터 얻은 cDNA로 forward와 reverse subtraction을 수행하여 각각 day1과

자궁내막증은 흔한 부인과적 질병이며 여성 불임의 한 원인이 되나 그 발생 원인에 대하여서는 아직 논란의 여지가 많다. 최근 월경혈의 역류에 의하여 자궁내막증이 생긴다는 가설이 가장 유력한데 자궁내막증 환자가 정상여성에서보다 역류되는 월경혈의 양이 많거나 침습성이 강한 것이 자궁내막증의 발생원인이 될 수 있다는 이론들이 소개되었다. Pleitrophin (PTN)이나 midkine(MK)은 성장 및 분화에 관여하는 인자로서 여러 종류의 악성 종양에서 그

자궁내막증은 흔한 부인과적 질병이며 여성 불임의 한 원인이 되나 그 발생 원인에 대하여서는 아직 논란의 여지가 많다. 최근 월경혈의 역류가 한 원인이며 자궁내막증 환자가 정상여성에서 보다 역류되는 월경혈의 양이 많거나 침습성이 강한 것이 자궁내막증의 발생 원인이 될 수 있다는 이론들이 소개되었다. 종양이나 자궁내막 조직의 침습이나 전이에는 세포막외 기질 및 기저막의 파괴가 일어나야 하는데 이 과정에 plasminogen activators (PAs)나