In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, creativity plays a pivotal role in the competitiveness of a country. The importance of creativity education therefore cannot be overemphasized. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of discussion-based English reading and writing activities on Korean high school students' creativity, English writing, and self-assessed creative thinking. The participants were 45 high school students in Seoul, Korea. They were divided into two groups: the discussion-based English reading and writing group (n=24) and the traditional English instruction group (n=21). The experiment was administered during two semesters of the 2017 academic year. The major findings are as follows: First, the experimental group showed significant improvement on the creativity test, especially in the areas of fluency, flexibility, and original thinking. Second, the experimental group outperformed the control group on the writing test. Third, the experimental group showed positive changes in their self-assessed flexible thinking, convergent thinking, and intrinsic motivation. All of these indicate the beneficial effects of the discussion-based English reading and writing activities. Based on the results, some pedagogical suggestions were made for the effective integration of creativity education into the teaching of English as a foreign language.

이 연구는 국가 수준 영어 교육과정에서 지도하도록 의도하고 있는 어휘, 문법, 의사소통기능, 내용 요소 등을 아우르고 있는 중학교 영어 교과서의 본문에 대해 질문 중심 하브루타 형식의 토론을 통해 학생들의 이해 수준을 심화하고, 본문의 내용을 확장한 주제로 과정 중심의 영어 작문을 지도했을 때, 영어 쓰기에 대한 학생들의 인식과 자아효능감에 구체적으로 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 했다. 이를 위해, 질문 중심의 하브루타와 과정 중심 쓰기 지도 방법에 이론적 토대를 두고 3단계로 설계된 GROWTH라는 수업 모형을 고안했고, 2017년 3월부터 11월까지, 서울 서부에 소재한 중학교 3학년 두 학급의 학생 54명을 대상으로 수업시간 중 해당 수업모형을 적용했다. 수업모형 적용 전후, 설문을 실시한 결과, 해당 수업 모형은 짝‧모둠 중심의 토의·토론에 대한 학생들의 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 주었고, 영어 쓰기에 대한 학생들의 자아효능감을 향상시켰으며, 학생들로 하여금 영어 쓰기를 시도하고 연습하는 것의 중요성을 일깨웠음이 드러났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 중학교 수업 현장에서 과정 중심 수행평가의 일환으로 보다 적극적으로 영어 쓰기를 지도할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

The present study aims at investigating problems with a TEE class in terms of classroom activities and code-switching. One middle school teacher and her students participated in the study. The teacher taught a writing class in TEE context. She taught more than half of the class in English. Her students experienced different interactional patterns in four different activities. However, most of the students could not participate both in pair work and group work without her teacher’s help. That was because the teacher had problems with giving instructions: (1) her instructions about the activities were not clear enough; (2) she did not provide any modelling for the activities; and (3) she did not check any clarifications for the activities. Also, the ratio of the teacher’s utterance to students’ was too high: 96% in English and 89.5% in Korean. In addition, she did not use any pause in code-switching from English to Korean, deprived of checking whether her students understood the target language input given in English. Directions for further research and pedagogical implications will be discussed.

This study aims to analyze the process of how Chinese students practice collaborative writing and to figure out whether collaborative writing is useful to Korean language learners for academic purposes. In total, 15 Chinese students of Korean language for academic purposes participated in the research and they were divided into Groups A and B, respectively. Five participants of Group A were individually assigned with writing tasks while ten participants of Group B conducted collaborative writing tasks in pairs. Groups A and B conducted both tasks of a data commentary and an argumentative essay. The result was that fluency and complexity were not significantly different between Groups A and B. However, accuracy was higher in Group B. Accordingly, for students of Korean language in an advanced level, collaborative writing activities did not result in longer texts or more complex linguistic practices but led to more accurate texts. Whether this accuracy will strengthen grammatical knowledge of language students in an advanced level in the long-term is unknown, so follow-up studies are needed.

The purpose of this study was to analyze writing activities of 1st grade middle school English textbooks based on the achievement standards of the 2009 revised National Curriculum and provide suggestions for improvements of textbooks. In this study, seven textbooks out of twelve were selected and their writing activities were analyzed as to whether they stick to the guidelines of the 2009 revised National Curriculum. For this purpose, specific focuses of the current study were 1) to look into writing activities based on achievement standards stipulated in the 2009 revised National Curriculum, and 2) to investigate the ratio of integrated writing activities to separate writing activities ones. The results of the analysis revealed that most of the writing activities seemed suitable based on learners’ real-life situations for achievements standards; however, the types of writing activities were rather simple, mainly focusing on given words. Next, there were not only separate writing activities but also a variety of integrated activities such as listening-writing, speaking-writing, and reading-writing activities. At the end of the paper, a few suggestions were provided to improve the qualities of writing activities in the textbooks.

The purpose of this study is to analyze writing activities in Korean high school English textbooks and suggest more effective writing activities in comparison to Chinese textbooks. For the analysis, two Korean and two Chinese high school English textbooks are selected. Writing activities are investigated in terms of three research procedures. The study begins by typifying writing activities as controlled, guided, and free writing, guided by Raimes’ controlled -to-free approach (1983) and Rivers’ five writing instruction stages (1981). Next, it examines writing activities according to the writing criterion prescribed by the Korean and Chinese national curricula, respectively. Finally, it investigates writing activities in relation to other language skills, such as listening, speaking, and reading. The results are as follows. First, while Korean textbooks include more writing activities than Chinese textbooks, there remain substantial imbalances in both. Both textbooks contain the most controlled writing activities and lack free writing. Second, Korean textbooks provide more writing questions than do Chinese textbooks in order to satisfy the national-level writing criteria. However, in comparison to Chinese textbooks, they lack writing activities designed to satisfy paragraph- level writing standards which enhance logical organization competence. Third, Korean textbooks offer more writing activities integrated with other language skills. Both textbooks most frequently contain writing activities integrated with reading skills.

The present study investigates the effects of teaching activity-based integrative reading and writing on the amelioration of written language in the elementary school classroom. This study was conducted during the first semester in 2003. The subjects were 160, 6th year elementary school students. They were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Both the control group and the experimental group were composed of 80 students each. Each group was divided into three levels: high, intermediate, and low, on the basis of a diagnostic evaluation. All the subjects of the experimental group were integratively taught reading and writing of the English alphabet, words, phrases, sentences, and context, according to their level. All the subjects of the control group were discretely taught reading and writing according to their curriculum and level. They were also given a questionnaire of affective and psychomotor domains. Statistical analyses were performed to determine: (a) the difference of the control and experimental groups, (b) the difference between the control and experimental groups, (c) the difference of their level (high, intermediate, and low) of the control and experimental groups on reading and writing in the pre- and post- achievement tests, and (d) the difference of the level of the control and experimental groups on the affective and psychomotor domains such as interest, self-confidence, understanding, participation, and motivation of reading and writing in the pre- and post- achievement tests. The results of this study reveal that significantly higher scores on the written language were obtained in the experimental group. The difference between the control group and the experimental group was not significant at the beginning of the term. However, the difference was significant at the end of the term. It was also found that in the experimental group, interest was improved at the intermediate level. Self-confidence and understanding were improved at the intermediate and low levels, and participation was improved at the low level. It is recommended that researchers and teachers develop integrative materials of reading and writing more widely according to the level.

교과서를 통해 쓰기가 실제적인 맥락에서 이루어지도록 돕는 것은 학생들의 쓰기 능력과 동기 향상에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이 연구는 교과서의 쓰기 활동이 실제적인 맥락에서 실현되는지 살펴보고 보다 효과적인 활동을 구성할 수 있는 방향을 제시하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 2015 고등학교 국어 교과서 12종에 나타난 설득하는 글쓰기 단원의 학습활동을 분석하였다. 이 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대부분의 국어교과서가 읽기와 연계해서 설득하는 글 쓰기를 지도하고 있어 쓰기ㅌ와 읽기의 소통성을 강화하고 있음을 보여 준다. 특히 연계하여 제시 하는 읽기 자료의 유형이 다양하여 설득하는 글 쓰기 활동이 다양한 측면으로 강화될 수 있는 가능성이 존재함을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 학생들의 쓰기 동기를 높이기 위하여 실제적 맥락에서의 쓰기 가 중요하지만, 쓰기 맥락 요소 중 예상독자와 매체 분석 및 실제화는 다소 미흡한 양상을 보인다. 셋째, 쓰기 평가 단계를 제시하지 않는 국어교과서가 전체의 절반이었으며, 평가의 유형은 자기 평가와 동료 평가가 전부이다. 결국 교과서가 충족하지 못하는 부분에 대한 국어 교사의 보완이 발생할 것이며, 이는 국어 수업에서의 불필요한 편차를 불러올 수 있다. 그러므로 이 연구에서 얻은 분석 결과를 바탕으로 할 때 추후 개발할 국어 교과서에는 설득하는 글 쓰기 단원의 학습 활동 이 실제적인 맥락을 반영하고 구체적 평가 과정을 지원하는 부분이 필요하다고 판단된다.

This study investigated how Voice Thread can influence EFL learner writing by providing collaborative activities through which learners actively participated in a feedback exchange. The activity described in this paper is creating two audio books on Voice Thread during the semester. Seventy Korean and Taiwan college students participated in this activity. During the activity, the students collaborated in constructing and negotiating meaning. The results show that any types of feedback (teachers vs peers; forms vs contents) have an effect on Korean and Taiwan college students' writing revisions. Analysis of a posttest questionnaire also reveals that students were generally motivated throughout the task, using a relatively new technology, Voice Thread, and a well-designed online collaborative task can facilitate interaction in the target language.

국내 학문목적 한국어 학습자의 비율이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 실질적으로 학문 습득에 필요한 읽기와 쓰기의 중요도에 대한 학습자의 인식수준은 상대적으로 낮다. 그 가운데 특히 한국어 교실 수업에서 이루어지는 쓰기 교수는 문법 항목과 쓰기 전 활동에 치중되어 있어 총체적인 쓰기 학습 방안 마련이 시급하다. 따라서 본고에서는 읽기와 쓰기 학습의 중요성을 환기하고 교실 수업의 한계를 극복하기 위한 자발적인 학습 방안을 마련하고자 다독 후행 활동으로서의 독서일지 쓰기에 주목하였다. 본고는 효과적인 쓰기 학습 방법의 하나로 제안되어 왔던 다독과 다독 후행 활동의 하나인 독서일지 쓰기가 쓰기 능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 효과를 검증하고 그 적용 가능성을 모색하는 데에 목적이 있다.

이야기 쓰기 활동에서 나타나는 어머니의 언어적 상호작용 유형이 어머니의 학력에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 만 5세아 66명과 그들의 어머니로 총 66쌍이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 5세 유아의 쓰기 활동에서 나타난 어머니의 상호작용 유형은 질문, 진술, 반응의 순으로 나타났으며 이는 어머니의 학력에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 5세 유아의 쓰기 활동에서 나타난 어머니의 질문 유형, 진술 유형, 반응 유형은 어머니의 학력에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있었다.

Jae-Suk Suh. 2003. The process-based writing activity framed on CALL: Its effect on writing attitudes and writing proficiency of EFL learners. Studies in Modern Grammar 32, 169-203. The paper investigated the effects of the process-based writing activity designed with the frame of CALL on both EFL learners` attitudes toward writing in English and their writing proficiency. 52 college students participated in a study in which they worked in pairs to write about a topic chosen by themselves by going through various stages of writing from the beginning to the end for six weeks. Data were collected via two differing methods: questionnaires and writing samples (i. e., first and final drafts). To find out the effect of the process-oriented writing activity within CALL on subjects attitudes toward writing in English, two differing kinds of questionnaires were administered to subjects before and after the writing activity. To determine whether the writing activity plays a facilitating role in the improvement of subjects writing activity plays a facilitating role in the improvement of subjects writing ability, 26 sets of the first and final drafts were compared analytically to each other in five aspects of writing. The results of the study indicated that though there existed some aspects of writing remaining unchanged irrespective of the writing activity, overall, subjects showed more positive attitudes toward writing in English after the writing activity than they did prior to the activity. Similarly, though subjects were not able to fully succeed in improving their writing ability in all the five aspects of writing, they did show the promotion of writing skill in such aspects of writing, as fluency, organization, and mechanics. Based on the findings, some suggestions were given for the creation of positive writing attitude and for the improvement of writing ability in EFL classrooms.