It is very important to evaluate how the functions of products, facilities, and spaces affect human life. The evaluation of these actions has legal regulations such as certification, inspection, and diagnosis, and the degree of quality, safety, and excellence of the results is announced. This study sought to secure safety through efficient system operation by reviewing safety-related certification systems established and implemented by each government department in Korea and analyzing the characteristics of each system and similarities between systems. There was also an aspect of cross-checking safety through the certification and diagnosis system implemented by each ministry, but it was confirmed that the efficiency of the system should also be considered in terms of overlapping application. Therefore, when securing safety is confirmed based on each safety-related law, active alternatives such as exemption, substitution, delegation, etc. should be presented.

This study aimed to verify the validity of the evaluation items and weight determination of the indoor environmental safety area, which has the most frequent accidents, among the safety certification evaluations of educational facilities by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, which has been conducted since May 2021. As a preceding study, the evaluation items of the school safety evaluation checklist being implemented in the US state of Vermont were compared, and the causes of accidents judged by teachers in the accident experiences written by 200 Korean teachers were compared with the safety certification evaluation items belonged to the Ministry of Education. In addition, research literature using the AHP analysis technique on safety risks of elementary and secondary schools in China and safety evaluation index study cases of 539 elementary school children in Indonesia were analyzed. Through these preceding studies, measures to add and adjust evaluation items were derived and the validity and importance rankings of evaluation items were calculated through AHP questionnaires to teachers and safety experts. In addition, a survey was conducted on 104 ordinary people to verify the results of expert analysis. As a result of expert AHP analysis, 'safety education and disaster response training (.396)' was the highest priority for the relative importance of the first layer, followed by 'safety measures (.387)' and 'building materials'. Safety (.216)' was found to be the highest priority. In the overall importance ranking of the 13 second-tier screening items, safety accident prevention education had the highest priority and disaster preparedness training ranked second, proving that the Ministry of Education's review weight was underestimated. In addition, slip and collision accident countermeasures, which were not in the existing Ministry of Education review items, ranked 4th, laboratory practice room safety measures ranked 6th, and sanitation, cleanliness, hazardous substance management, and cafeteria/cooking room safety measures ranked 9th, indicating a significant level of importance. Referring to the importance ranking, which is the result of this study, it is suggested that it is necessary to review the weight of each review item again.

To improve the safety of tap water, a study was conducted on the introduction of sanitation safety certification system for water treatment plants(WTPs). In order to produce and supply safe tap, the inflow of pollutants should be blocked as much as possible during the tap water production process, and contaminated materials should be removed or inactivated to a safe level in the WTPs. In order to block the inflow of pollutants in WTPs, it is necessary to strengthen the sanitation management such as installation of facilities for preventing inflow and habitat of larvae, and to remove or inactivate pollutants in the tap water production process, strengthening the safety management such as enhanced turbidity management is needed. Sanitation and safety management in the WTPs can be significantly improved by introducing certification system of WTPs. This will induce continuous improvement in water purification plants with insufficient sanitation and safety management, and provide incentives for WTPs with good sanitation and safety management. In addition, when the WTPs sanitation and safety certification system is established, it is desirable to expand the proposed system from WTPs to the entire process of tap water production and supply.

This study examined the certification effects of safety and health management system (SHMS) on the establishment level of SHMS and accident statistics in construction industry. This study obtained the establishment level of SHMS for 106 construction companies surveyed from our previous study. In addition, three major accident statistics (mortality rate, accidental mortality rate, and injury rate) for the companies were collected from the database in Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The statistical analysis results revealed that the establishment level for SHMS certified companies was significantly higher than those for uncertified or certification preparing companies. Furthermore, SHMS certified companies showed significantly smaller accident statistics compared to uncertified or certification preparing companies. The results of this study support the positive effects of SHMS on reducing major industrial accidents in construction companies.

Crane is an important equipment for the transport of heavy goods in industrial sites, but it is also known as one of the most fatal machines. In order to reduce crane accidents, it is necessary to minimize human errors during crane operations. To achieve this, ergonomic design principles are recommended to be reflected from the crane design stage. The study analyzed the safety certification standards for crane that should be fulfilled at the crane design and manufacturing stage. This study selected five representative ergonomic design principles (feedback, compatibility, consistency, full-proof, and fail-safe) by surveying heuristic evaluation principles that are widely used for usability evaluation in early design stage. Next, the principles were applied to the safety certification standards to identify insufficient clauses. This study identified 12 insufficient clauses out of 119 in the current safety certification standards for crane and discussed their improvement directions to comply the ergonomic principles. The analysis results of this study can help of improving the safety certification standards and the method used in this study can also be applied to identify insufficient clauses in the safety certification standards for other industrial machines such as press machine and lift.

Electrical product safety certification is for public safety. Korea electrical safety certification (KC) is being tested and certified on the base of Korean electrical appliance safety act and KC scheme. There are operating system and Electrical safety standards in the KC scheme. KC' operating system was adapted from japan operating system of Japan certification scheme. But KC certification' electrical safety standard was adapted from IEC standards of IECEE CB scheme. So There are many problems such as difference of version between KC standards and IEC standards, discrepancy between operating system and standards. Therefore, This paper analyzed the reason of discrepancy and proposed the improved KC certification operating system in order to reduce cost and to save time in the procedure of issuing KC approval for public safety in using electrical products and also for global competence.

HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) has been receiving a worldwide recognition as a scientific andsystemic sanitary management technology in the food safety. At present, mandatory HACCP for dairy products is appliedin dairy processing plants and milk collection stage, while it is not applied in dairy farm and transportation. Therefore, it isrequired to establish HACCP application in all dairy industrial areas. The purpose of this study is to suggest an effectiveapproach to implement HACCP chain system in domestic dairy products. Most lactic acid bacteria has been useful toimprove gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, constipation and reduce colon cancer risk and hydrocholesterol inKorea. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety has increasingly applied the HACCP-chain system to secure the safety oflivestock products. Therefore, we suggest for the introduction of HACCP chain system in the dairy industry as follows.First, the system needs political support to activate. Second, the enterprise needs to recognize that it is essential system inan era of a consumer. Third, it should be utilized as an effective tool to enhance a brand value in the market. If there areobstacles in the implementation process for dairy products, governments, academia and relevant institutions should resolvea dispute together, which might enhance the level of livestock processing industry and hygiene safety management.

Recently, the using of prefabricated temporary equipments is increasing in the industrial field because it can reduce the installation and dismantling period. The various types of prefabricated temporary equipments are manufacturing with various materials in domestic and overseas countries. However, those equipments should win the safety certificate according to the "Governmental Notification about Safety Certification" which regulate the member-based safety certification. It tends to cause over performance of temporary equipments because it couldn't consider structural benefit of the prefabricated products. As the result of this study, it is concluded that the establishment of new safety certification standard for the prefabricated temporary equipments is resonable and the movable scaffold is appropriate for those prefabricated temporary equipment. The movable scaffolds are using as single structure and cannot be expands horizontally. Other types of temporary equipments are using as complex structure which can freely expand horizontally according to the main structure. From the results of the study, the standard of vertical compression performance of prefabricated movable scaffolds should be more than double the performance of single main frame. Other test items of safety certification standard should be fixed when the Notification is amended. The prefabricated temporary equipments which are adopted for the safety standard on assembled structure should be used, moved and kept in assembled state and not separated discretionally. The establishment of new standard for the assembled structure based on this study leads to the development of various types of temporary equipments using structural efficiency of prefabricated structure.

모든 전자금융거래에 반드시 공인인증서를 사용하도록 규정된 현행 전자금융 감독규정은 보안기술의 경쟁과 개발을 저해하는 측면이 있으며, 인증서 기술이 제공하는 보안 효능에 대한 과장된 기대에 근거하고 있다. 인증서 발급, 관리가 어떻게 수행되는지, 인증서 개인키가 어떤 저장 매체에 저장되는지, 실제로 인증서 사용에 동원되는 소프트웨어가 어떻게 설계되는지 등에 따라서 PKI인증서 기술은 높은 수준의 보안을 제공할 수도 있고 낮은 수준의 보안을 제공하는데 그칠 수도 있다. 이런 기술적 현실을 도외시 한채 공인인증서를 사용하기만 하면 만족스러운 수준의 보안이 마치 확보될 수 있는 것처럼 전제한 현행 감독규정은 보안 기술에 대한 무지와 강제 수단을 동원하여 공인인증 제도를 유지, 확산하려는 그릇된 정책적 고려, 그리고 공인인증 업체의 이해관계를 반영할 것일 뿐 진정한 거래의 안전을 위한 규정이라고 하기는 어렵다. 또한 거래내역 전자서명은 침입 공격에 대한 방어 수단도 아니고, 보안을 위한 조치도 아니라 사고 거래 여부에 대한 분쟁이 발생하였을 경우 입증의 수단에 불과하며, 전자서명이 가지는 부인방지 효력은 실은 매우 제한적이라는 점을 지적한다. 이 글은 전자금융 거래의 안전을 확보하기 위하여 고려되어야 할 여러 측면들을 종합적으로 제시함으로써, 공인인증서가 차지하는 비중을 균형있게 이해하는데 기여하고자 한다.

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) has many difficulties to set up the OSHMS system because of limited natural and human resources. In this study, the rating system as a judgment method of an OSHMS based on the certification standard of the OSHMS, which was suggested in previous study, was developed for SMS to adopt voluntarily the OSHMS, certify KOSHA 18001, and improve the safety and health level.

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) has many difficulties to set up the OSHMS system because of limited natural and human resources. In this study, the rating system as a judgment method of an OSHMS based on the certification standard of the OSHMS was suggested for SMS to adopt voluntarily the OSHMS, certify KOSHA 18001, and improve the safety and health level.

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) have many difficulties to set up the OSHMS because of limited natural and human resources. Therefore, this study is developed and proposed the certification standard of an OSHMS for SMS based on the case study on advanced countries, actual conditions of SMS in Korea, and opinion of specialists.