In this study, the combustion characteristics of low calorific gas (LCG) fuels are investigated by numerical simulation. PREMIXED code is used to predict the flame structure and NO emission with two mechanisms, which are GRI 3.0 and USC II chemical reaction mechanisms for CH4 and LCG 8000 and LCG 6000, respectively. Also, elementary reactions related with production and destruction for OH radical are studied because OH radical is dominant for burning velocity and NO emission. As results, the production and the destruction of OH radical for CH4 and LCG 8000 using GRI 3.0 are dominated by reactions of No. 4, No. 2 and No. 3 and by No. 5, No. 3 and No. 7, respectively. For LCG 6000 using USC II, reactions of No. 3, No. 4 and No. 11 and of No. 7, No. 8 and No. 12 dominates to the production and the destruction, respectively. In addition, NO emissions for LCG gas fuel are generated by thermal NO because the flame temperatures are over 1800 K.

Most of gas turbine combined cycle power plants are located in urban areas to provide peak load and district heating. However, NOx(nitrogen oxides) of exhaust gas emission from the power plants cause additional fine dust and thus it has negative impact on the urban environment. Although DLN(dry low NOx) and multi-stage combustors have been widely applied to solve this problem, they have another critical problem of damages to combustors and turbine components due to combustion dynamic pressure. In this study, the effect of different fuel ratio on NOx emission and pressure fluctuation was investigated regarding two variable conditions; combustor stages and power output on M501J gas turbine.

본 연구는 저온기 시설 딸기재배에서 연소식 탄산가스 발생기를 이용한 재배효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시설내부 일중 탄산가스 농도는 6시에서 11시 사이에 대조구가 210~600μmol·mol-1 이었고, 탄산가스 시용구는 800~1,100μmol·mol-1 이었다. 그 외 시각에서는 대조구와 유사한 분포를 나타내었다. 온실내 온도는 연소 방식 탄산가스 시용구는 오전 6시 ~ 10시 대조구에 비 해서 1~3oC 높았다. 11시 이후에는 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 관부직경, 생체중, 건물중 등 생육은 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 상품수량은 대조구 3,612kg에 비해서 탄산가스 공급하는 것이 4,131kg으로 519kg 더 무거웠으며 탄산가스 발생기에서 총수량이 대조구에 비해서 17%가 증수 되었다.

CCS is not a recent issue. Efforts to reduce carbon dioxide since the 1990s have been around the world, and the carbon dioxide emitted from post-combustion flue-gases is still enormous. Membrane technology also has been widely considered as a good candidate to enrichment of CO2, but it has not been verified about the remarkable advantages compare to the other technologies; such as amine scrubbing or physical adsorption. Numerous membranes for CO2 separation with high selectivity and permeance have been developed, but the membrane process for those applications are much less. The industrial technology to concentrate and store the carbon source has not been proved enough for its massive emission and engineering issue. Moreover, membrane technology lacks database for large scale processes. In this talk, the membrane process for CCS industry will be introduced. The considerable factors for industrial application of membrane technology will be also announced.

분리막 및 다양한 CO2 포집공정들의 연구에 있어, 경제성 평가는 각 공정들을 비교 분석하며 개발된 기술의 경제적 타당성을 검토하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 분리막 기반의 CO2 포집공정에 대한 경제성 분석을 수행하여 그 결과를 살펴보았다. 분리막 공정의 전산모사와 최적화를 위하여 분리막 모델링 및 Aspen HYSYS®를 활용하였으며, 최적화 결과를 바탕으로 CAPEX 및 OPEX를 제시하여 분리막 공정의 경제성 평가를 진행하였다.

Membrane is a relatively new industrial gas separation technology and has been studied as an alternative CO2 capture technologies to amine absorption. Membrane processes have a merit such as low energy use, small footprint, no by-products formation, and simple operating condition. When applied to flue gas CO2 capture, low CO2 concentration and normal pressure of flue gas stream places a practical limits on the membrane operation. The up-to-date membranes should allow module performance to rise to levels practical for fossil-fuel power station use. In this talk, membrane module is being evaluated for flue gas treatment. Membrane processes using several membranes, which are now being studied under the R&D projects granted by KCRC, are investigated to capture CO2 from the simulated gas.

연소 후 생성되는 연소가스 중 CO2는 온실가스 기체중 하나로, CO2를 처리하기 하기 위해 CCS 기술 개발이 세계적으로 주목 받고 있다. 하지만 단일막을 이용한 CO2 포집 공정에서는 약 14%의 CO2를 포함한 연소 배기가스로부터 고 순도, 고회수율을 달성하기란 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 다단막 공정 디자인 및 다양한 운전 변수를 통하여 14%의 CO2를 가지고 있는 혼합모사가스로부터 순도 73% 회수율 74%의 포집 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

The numerical study of laminar syngas-fuel/air mixture with 10% hydrogen content impinging plate was conducted. Effects of impinging distance, Reynolds number and equivalence ratio were major parameters on combustion and emission for stagnation point. The numerical result calculated by SPIN application of the CHEMKIN software. There result showed the following : The Peak point of the axial velocity, the flame temperature and CH reaction were appeared in tip of the inner reaction zone. The emission results in impinging flame of syngas fuel show that the characteristics of NOx emission traced well with adiabatic temperature trend and CO emission due to fuel rich condition increased continuously with respect to the equivalence ratio.

Recently developed a variety of architectural interior decoration according hwadoeme type of toxic gases generated during fire also are becoming diversified, resulting in fatal casualties occurred in the trend is also being increased. During a fire, toxic gas that is generated varies depending on the combustible material occurs. However, all combustible materials, including carbon, incomplete combustion of carbon monoxide which is generated in the most common toxic gases can be seen as one. Accordingly, in this study of organic solids that are generated in case of fire toxic gases, and briefly discuss the characteristics of the risks and, by far the most common Co gas for measures to prevent human casualties, seolbijeok, the temperature dependence, divided into four aspects of administrative daechaekdeung explained.

우리나라에서 건축물 내장재의 화재안전성능은 국토해양부 고시 제2011-39호에 의한 평가방법에 의해 불연성시험(KS F ISO 1182), 열방출률시험(KS F ISO 5660) 및 가스유해성시험(KSF 2271)을 실시하여 그 결과로서 분류하도록 되어 있다. 그 중 연기 및 연소독성가스에 대한 시험인 가스 유해성 시험은, 건축재료 및 내장재의 연소시 발생하는 가스의 유해성을 마우스의 평균 행동정지시간으로 측정하는 방법으로 사용하여 왔다. 이 중 연소 독성가스 4종(HCl, HF, HCN, SO2) 흡입독성시험방법의 확립을 위하여 ICR계 mouse와 전신흡입노출장치를 이용하여, 독성가스 노출 및 병리검사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 호흡기관지와 가까운 폐포에서 대식세포(Macrophage)의 침윤을 유발하는 것으로 나타났고, 4종의 물질에 대한 조직의 병리검사로 전체적으로 충혈과 울혈은 확인되었다. 조직 중 폐와 신장에서 조직손상이 심하였고, 물질로는 HCN이 가장 많은 병리소견을 보였다.

This study was carried out to observe the impacts of a mouse's inhalation of toxic gas SO2 generated from combustion on its organs by different concentrations. As for research methods: First, after concentrations of SO2 generation from combustion had been set to three: low (10.4 ppm), middle (24.9 ppm) and high (122 ppm) through Gas Toxicity Testing Method (KS F 2271) and SO2 combustion gas was exposed to eight mice in each concentration. Five mice that were able to move based on LD50, a criterion, which sets the down time of a mouse's average behaviors to over 9 minutes, were randomly selected in each concentration, and they were set up as the subjects of the study on toxicity bio-markers. Second, tissues were taken from heart, liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland of the mice selected in each concentration and a pathological examination of them was carried out. As a result, microvascular congestion appeared in the heart, and cell necrosis, cortex congestion and tubule medulla congestion, etc. in each concentration were observed in addition to vascular congestion in liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland. Also, it was found that the higher the concentrations of SO2 exposure is, the greater, the changes in the organs get. Through this study, SO2 of various toxic gases generated from fire turned out to affect the tissues of each organ of a mouse, it is expected that the toxic gases may greatly affect human body in case of actual fire, and this study is evaluated as having a significance as a basic data on inhalation toxicity assessment of toxic substances generated in combustion.

연소식 CO2 발생기 사용시 사용하는 연료에 따라서 발생되는 CO2 농도 및 유해가스 농도를 비교 분석하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 사용 연료로는 등유, LPG, LNG를 이용하였다. 연소식 CO2 발생기는 등유사용 국내제품을 설치한 온실(A), 외국제품을 설치한 온실(B), LPG 사용 국내제품과 외국제품을 설치한 온실 2개소(C와 D) 및 LNG 사용 온실(E)을 선정하였다. 측정은 서울대학교 농생명과학공동기기원(NICEM)의 실내공기질 분석 시스템의 일부 측정시스템을 온실로 이동하여 측정하였다. 연소식 CO2 발생기 작동 유무에 따른 CO2 가스 증감은 NOx류의 증감에 정의 상관을 보였으며, 사용 연식에 따른 버너의 내구성 저하에 따른 유해가스 발생량이 증가하였다. CO 농도가 매우 높게 나올 경우에는 발생기 내부에 컨버터를 장착하여 농도를 저감시켜 직물의 생리장해를 예방시킬 필요가 있었다. 전체적으로 CO2 발생에 따른 유해가스 농도는 최근 설치된 장치에서는 큰 문제가 없었으며 가장 낮은 유해가스 발생량은 국산 LPG 제품을 사용한 D 온실이었다.

Chuncheon according to the IPCC guideline, and they increased from 1,014,382 ton-CO2 in 2000 to 1,084,914 ton-CO2 in 2009. Using BAU scenario GHG emissions in 2020 was estimated to be 1,518,526 ton-CO2, which increase approximately 40% from those for 2009. Six reduction methods were applied in this study, including solar power generation, substitution of LED lights, individual and families' energy reduction efforts, cogeneration of incinerator, and expansion of natural gas line. Estimated total reduced GHG emission was 174,340 ton-CO2.