Molten salt reactors represent a promising advancement in nuclear technology due to their potential for enhanced safety, higher efficiency, and reduced nuclear waste. However, the development of structural materials that can survive under severe corrosion environments is crucial. In the present work, pure Ni was deposited on the surface of 316H stainless steel using a directed energy deposition (DED) process. This study aimed to fabricate pure Ni alloy layers on an STS316H alloy substrate. It was observed that low laser power during the deposition of pure Ni on the STS316H substrate could induce stacking defects such as surface irregularities and internal voids, which were confirmed through photographic and SEM analyses. Additionally, the diffusion of Fe and Cr elements from the STS316H substrate into the Ni layers was observed to decrease with increasing Ni deposition height. Analysis of the composition of Cr and Fe components within the Ni deposition structures allows for the prediction of properties such as the corrosion resistance of Ni.

본 연구는 예술성과 대중성을 모두 갖고 있는 뮤지션인 더 위켄드의 작품분석을 통한 음악적 특징을 알아보기 위해 시작되었다. 그리하여 더 위켄드의 음악 중 빌보드 Hot 100 차트에서 1위를 달성하였던 작품 5곡을 선정하여 연구해 보았다. <Can’t Feel My Face>, <The Hills>, <Starboy>, <Blinding Lights>, <Save Your Tears> 총 5곡을 모두 동일한 방식으로 분석하였고 결론을 도출하 였다. 첫째, 코드 진행 측면에서 바라봤을 때 반복적이다. 대부분 4개의 코드 진행이 곡의 초반부 터 계속해서 반복되어 다양한 테마를 취하기보단 일관된 테마를 유지하였다. 일관된 테마를 갖는 곡은 청자가 음악에 쉽게 익숙해지도록 하는 이점이 있다. 둘째, 리듬 측면에서 바라봤을 때 음악 전체적으로 통일된 리듬감을 갖는다. 통일된 리듬감이 주는 이점은 청자가 곡의 리듬을 빠르게 익힐 수 있다. 셋째, 장르 및 편곡적인 측면에서 바라봤을 때 레트로한 요소가 많이 활용되었다. 80년대 유행했던 신스팝 장르 및 그 당시 사용되었던 FM 신시사이저의 사운드가 적극적으로 사용 되었다. 더불어 과거의 유행하던 사운드나 요소를 단순히 사용하는 데 그치지 않고 현시대의 유행 하는 음악에 잘 녹여내는 모습도 보여주었다.

본 연구는 섬 지역의 전통 생활문화를 담고 있는 부안군 위도면 진리 소재의 원당과 당숲을 대상으로 문화적 및 식물생태적 현황을 분석하고 당숲의 생태적 및 문화적 보전방안을 제안하기 위해 수행되 었다. 팔작지붕 형태의 원당은 잘 보존되어 있으나 당제(당굿)은 10여 년 전부터 중단된 상태이다. 진 리 원당의 주변에는 약 8,000㎡규모의 숲이 형성되어 있으며, 숲에는 모두 58분류군의 관속식물이 생육하고 있다. 특히 진리 당숲은 후박나무, 구실잣밤나무, 붉가시나무, 종가시나무, 동백나무, 센달 나무 등이 상층 수관을 형성하는 상록활엽수림이다. 당숲은 크게 후박나무-팽나무군락, 붉가시나무 -후박나무군락, 곰솔-아까시나무군락의 3개 대표군락으로 형성되어 있다. 아교목층과 관목층에는 후박나무‧동백나무‧식나무가 우점하고 당숲에는 39그루의 노거수가 자라고 있다. 위도 진리 당숲의 생태적 및 전통 문화적 가치를 보전하고 지속가능한 활용을 위해 당숲의 문화재 지정, 진리 원당제의 복원, 상록활엽수림의 관리, 노거수의 관리 및 덩굴류 제거, 지속적인 모니터링, 지속가능한 체험활 동 활성화 등이 요구된다.

본 연구는 한국어가 인도네시아어로 번역되었을 때 나타난 결속구조 전환을 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 번역과 결속구조는 서로 긴밀하게 연 결되어 있다. 번역 과정에서 결속구조를 적절하게 해석하고 전달하는 것은 번역의 일관성과 의미 전달에 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 결속 구조 를 분석하기 위해 원문과 번역문에서 100문장을 추출한 후 보그랑데와 드레슬러(Beaugrande & Dresseler, 2008)의 결속구조 모델을 사용하 여 한국어와 인도네시아어의 결속구조를 분석했다. 분석 결과 한국어와 인도네시아어 번역문에서 대용형, 접속 표현, 회기법 및 부분 회기법, 환언, 생략법의 순서로 결속구조가 전환되었음을 확인하였다. 이 연구 내용이 번역 교육의 예시로 활용하거나 번역자들의 실무에 도움이 되 기를 기대해 본다.

The predator-prey interaction in freshwater ecosystems is a crucial area in the ecological study field and one of example to find such interaction is to investigate stomach contents. However, traditional method through visual inspection often induce misidentification, as it depends critically on intactness of physically visible data. In this study, we utilized Next-Generations Sequencing (NGS) technology to test the applicability stomach content analysis and overcome such limitation. NGS was applied to analyze the stomach contents of the Hemibarbus labeo, Tachysurus fulvidraco, and Plecoglossus altivelis collected in the lower part of Nakdong River. As a result, T. fulvidraco had a higher number of Animalia operational taxonomic units (OTUs) intake rate than H. labeo. At the same time, P. altivelis had higher number of Plantae OTUs intake rate than T. fulvidraco and higher Protozoa OTUs intake rate than H. labeo respectively. Therefore, NGS technology application enable to overcome traditional method’s limitation and discover hidden interspecific interaction which can further be used in appropriate habitat assessment.

Gut contents analysis is essential to predict the impact of organisms on food source changes due to variations of the habitat environment. Previous studies of gut content analysis have been conducted using traditional methods, such as visual observation. However, these studies are limited in analyzing food sources because of the digestive process in gut organ. DNA metabarcoding analysis is a useful method to analyze food sources by supplementing these limitations. We sampled marine fish of Pennahia argentata, Larimichthys polyactis, Crangon affinis, Loligo beka and Sepia officinalis from Gwangyang Bay and Yeosu fisheries market for analyzing gut contents by applying DNA metabarcoding analysis. 18S rRNA v9 primer was used for analyzing food source by DNA metabarcoding. Network and two-way clustering analyses characterized the relationship between organisms and food sources. As a result of comparing metabarcoding of gut contents for P. argentata between sampled from Gwangyang Bay and the fisheries market, fish and Copepoda were analyzed as common food sources. In addition, Decapoda and Copepoda were analyzed as common food sources for L. polyactis and C. affinis, respectively. Copepoda was analyzed as the primary food source for L. beka and S. officinalis. These study results demonstrated that gut contents analysis using DNA metabarcoding reflects diverse and detailed information of biological food sources in the aquatic environment. In addition, it will be possible to provide biological information in the gut to identify key food sources by applying it to the research on the food web in the ecosystem.

The overall process, from the pre-treatment of aluminum substrates to the eco-friendly neutral electroless Ni-P plating process, was observed, compared, and analysed. To remove the surface oxide layer on the aluminum substrate and aid Ni-P plating, a zincation process was carried out. After the second zincation treatment, it was confirmed that a mostly uniform Zn layer was formed and the surface oxide of aluminum was also removed. The Ni-P electroless plating films were formed on the secondary zincated aluminum substrate using electroless plating solutions of pH 4.5 and neutral pH 7.0, respectively, while changing the plating bath temperature. When a neutral pH7.0 electroless solution was used, the Ni-P plating layer was uniformly formed even at the plating bath temperature of 50 oC, and the plating speed was remarkably increased as the bath temperature was increased. On the other hand, when a pH 4.5 Ni-P electroless solution was used, a Ni-P plating film was not formed at a plating bath temperature of 50 oC, and the plating speed was very slow compared to pH 7.0, although plating speed increased with increasing bath temperature. In the P contents, the P concentration of the neutral pH 7.0 Ni-P electroless plating layer was reduced by ~ 42.3 % compared to pH 4.5. Structurally, all of the Ni-P electroless plating layers formed in the pH 4.5 solution and the neutral (pH 7.0) solution had an amorphous crystal structure, as a Ni-P compound, regardless of the plating bath temperature.

본 연구는 학문적으로 꾸준히 관심을 두어야 할 20세기 이후의 창의적이고 독창적인 음악극 작품을 찾아 개별적으로 탐구하려는 목적으로 그동안 국내외에서 연구 대상이 되지 않았던 헨체 의 ≪쿠바의 여인 또는 예술을 위한 삶≫을 구체적으로 살펴본 것이다. 이 작품은 ‘무대 위의 실 재(實在) 음악’으로 설명할 수 있는 새로운 창작 방식을 작품 전체에 활용한 특별함이 있는 음악 극이다. ‘무대 위의 실재(實在) 음악’은 모든 장면에서의 음악을 극의 이야기 진행에 포함되는 필수적인 구성 요소로 만들고, 악기 주자는 모두 극 중의 등장인물이 되어 무대 위에서 직접 연주하도록 하 는 방식이다. 이 방식을 통하여 전통적인 오페라에서는 오케스트라석에 머물렀던 악기와 연주자 가 무대 위에서 관객에게 직접 모습을 보이고 스스로 이야기 전개의 일부가 되어 사실적인 음악 행위를 하는 새로운 형태의 음악극이 나왔다. 또한, 이러한 ‘무대 위의 실재(實在) 음악’의 방식을 작품 전체에 활용함으로써 나타나는 전통적인 오페라 오케스트라의 성악 반주 기능의 부재(不在) 를 이 방식의 실행 안에서 가능한 방법으로 구상하고 적용하는 독특함도 보였다. 음악극 ≪쿠바의 여인 또는 예술을 위한 삶≫은 이렇게 ‘무대 위의 실재(實在) 음악’의 방식을 토대로 작곡가 고유의 창의성과 독창성을 지닌 작품으로 의미가 있다는 것을 분명하게 했다.

올가 토카르추크의 스릴러 소설 􋺷죽은 이들의 뼈 위로 쟁기를 끌어라􋺸는 가 부장적이고 인간중심주의적 종교 바깥에서 행복을 사유하는 방식을 고찰한다. 소설의 주인공 야니나 두셰이코는 교회를 등에 업고 야생 동물들을 무분별하게 사냥하는 밀렵꾼들을 죽이는 노년의 여성이다. 복수의 도덕적 모호성에도 불구 하고, 두셰이코의 점성술은 동물들을 보호하지 않고 노년 여성의 목소리를 등한 시하는 차별적인 사회에 대한 그녀의 분노를 정당화한다. 오로지 두셰이코 자신 만이 이해할 수 있을 이 영적 체계는 동물들을 위해 투쟁하는 주인공의 삶이 옳 음을 증명함과 동시에 그녀에게 더할 나위 없는 행복을 선사한다. 본 논문은 페 미니스트 신학과 사라 아메드의 􋺷행복의 약속􋺸에 근간을 두고, 약자를 외면하 는 사회에 대항하는 두셰이코의 투쟁이 어떻게 그녀를 가부장적 종교의 궤도 바깥, 곧 여성과 동물들의 삶 역시 소중하다고 말하는 대안적 신학으로 그녀를 인도하는지 살펴본다.

Background: Neck pain is a major health problem in developed countries and has a lifetime prevalence of 50%. Major problems include a reduced cervical range of motion, muscle stiffness, dysfunction, postural changes, and decrease in psychosocial level. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying the upper trapezius inhibition dynamic taping to patients with chronic neck pain on their neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture. Methods: The study design was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 40 patients with neck pain participated in this study and were randomly assigned to a Dynamic Taping group (n = 20) or Sham Taping group (n = 20). In both groups, basic intervention cervical pain control therapy and shoulder stabilization exercise program were performed. In addition, dynamic taping and sham taping were applied to participants in the Dynamic Taping and Sham Taping groups to inhibit the trapezius muscle, respectively. All interventions were performed three times a week and a total of 12 times for 4 weeks, and the participants’ neck pain, functional impairment level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture were measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck postural before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups regarding the functional level and neck posture (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition dynamic taping of the upper trapezius muscle suppression is an effective method with clinical significance in reducing pain in individuals with chronic neck pain and improving the functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture.

of actual and suspicious black-ice cases that occurred during the last 10 years in the Republic of Korea. METHODS : Based on literature review, meteorological observation data associated with black-ice formation are selected: wind speed, air temperature (T), dew point temperature (Td), and relative humidity, to set minimum or maximum threshold values based on the normal distribution of each variable. In addition, weights are assigned based on the relationship among the variables to calculate the probability of occurrence. RESULTS : The threshold values are calculated using the average and standard deviation, resulting in 7.65 °C, 56.63%, 2.99 ms-1 for T-Td, relative humidity, and wind speed, respectively. Whereas the threshold value of T-Td and wind speed is set to the maximum threshold, that of the relative humidity is set to the minimum threshold value. These threshold values are applied to the diagnosis algorithm of black-ice formation, including a 1-h accumulated precipitation. CONCLUSIONS : The algorithm is expected to be utilized as a research methodology for diagnosing suspected cases of black ice.

Small-sized heater is usually used to make the hot water in resting place, factory, household affairs and so on. One of methods to obtain hot water in short time is known as using instantaneous electric water heater. In this study, numerical analysis for small-sized hot water heater with straight double tube-type was tried to achieve the basic design data. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of thermal flow, for instance, such as pressure difference, outlet mean temperature and velocity, due to clearance. As the clearance is decreased, outlet mean temperature and pressure difference(Pmax.-Pmin.) are increased. Therefore appropriate relations between area of heat source and pressure difference should be set up. Further small-sized hot water heater in this study must be equipped with electric device capable of heating over 90℃.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the morbidity of gastritis in Korea due to lifestyle factors mostly changes in eating habits and stress. Gastritis is more likely to progress to gastric cancer, and therefore it is important to prevent and manage gastritis through lifestyle adjustment and treatment at an early stage. In this study, cabbage, which was found to be effective in gastritis, was mixed and fermented with other crucifer plants such as kale and broccoli to evaluate the overall efficacy of fermented brassica puree on alcoholic acute gastritis. Based on our results, fermented brassica puree alleviated gastric injury induced by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol. In addition, it was confirmed that PGE2, a gastric mucosal protective factor, was increased, and other positive effects such as an increase of MUC1 and regulation of PKC were observed. The results of this study suggest that fermented brassica puree can relieve acute alcoholic gastritis by regulating PGE and the expression of MUC1, a gene related to mucus secretion, and activating PKC, which is related to mucosal cell activity.

In the present work, Inconel 718 alloy is additively manufactured on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and a functionally graded material is built between Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V alloys. The vanadium interlayer is applied to prevent the formation of detrimental intermetallic compounds between Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 by direct joining. The additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 alloy is performed by changing the laser power and scan speed. The microstructures of the joint interface are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro X-ray diffraction. Additive manufacturing is successfully performed by changing the energy input. The micro Vickers hardness of the additive manufactured Inconel 718 dramatically increased owing to the presence of the Cr-oxide phase, which is formed by the difference in energy input.