The purpose of this study is to develop a chatbot for Korean language education using Google Dialogflow, aiming to determine its effectiveness as a learning tool and to investigate learners’ perceptions of prototype chatbots. Six Korean language education chatbots were developed for beginner Korean language learners, and 30 beginner learners—15 from Mongolia studying in Korea and 15 from Japan studying abroad—were recruited. These learners practiced Korean conversation with the chatbots for about three weeks, and pre- and post-surveys were conducted. Analysis showed that using the chatbots for conversation practice positively impacted learners’ confidence. However, the chatbots’ overall effectiveness fell short of expectations, as significant results were observed only in confidence among the three investigated areas: interest, confidence, and motivation. Learners were generally satisfied with the chatbots, although Japanese learners rated its effectiveness in improving expressions and comprehension skills low, suggesting a need for further analysis. Both groups found voice chatbots more beneficial, underscoring a significant need for individual speaking practice, especially among Japanese learners. Despite limitations such as the inability to engage in flexible conversations, the study demonstrates the potential of chatbots developed as a learning tool and identifies learners’ perceptions from various perspectives.

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of machine translation by Uzbek-speaking Korean learners, focusing on their usage patterns, attitudes, perceptions, and expectations, as well as identifying the educational implications of using machine translation. An online survey, lasting two weeks, involved 85 Korean language learners from universities in Korea and Uzbekistan. The main findings indicated a high reliance on machine translation for Korean language learning, with the majority of respondents using machine translations to find accurate vocabulary and expressions. Regarding their attitudes towards machine translation, learners mainly utilized it for literal communication, reading, and writing, and were generally satisfied with them, especially as tools for learning spellings and pronunciations. The use of machine translation significantly influenced learners’ confidence, interest in learning, and anxiety reduction. In terms of perception, learners found machine translation effective for learning Korean vocabulary, expressions, and writing, but also perceived machine translators as sources of stress and anxiety. Expectations for using machine translation were high for completing tasks in vocabulary, expression, and writing, but low for improving grammar skills and producing error-free Korean expressions.

This study investigated and analyzed the recognition and needs for Korean communication competency among non-Korean learners who participated in an online Korean language course. To this end, the importance, performance, and necessity of the categories of communication competency recognized by Korean language learners were measured, and then IPA(Importancce-Performance Analysis: Martilla & James, 1977) analysis and Borich’s needs analysis(Borich, 1980) were used. After implementation, we examined whether there were differences in outcomes depending on learner variables. After examining the sub-items, it was found that there were differences in importance, current level, and need depending on the learner’s home country, and there were differences in current level, demand, and necessity depending on academic background and Korean language proficiency. In addition, there are differences in need depending on the learner’s reason for learning Korean, so it is necessary to respond to individual learnier’s needs according to learner variables when designing curriculum for online foreign language learners of Korean.

In light of the expanding use of technology in education, we attempted to analyze how Korean college students perceived the use of Machine Translation (MT) tools in the classroom. Specifically, this study attempted to explore students’ perceptions of their ability to use MT tools and to measure the reliability of the MT-generated output, along with measuring students’ general sense of confidence in English learning. This research analyzed 183 EFL college students’ responses to an online survey, and a one-way ANOVA was used to test for the differences in the averages of three groups. The results of data analysis revealed that 1) Among beginners, intermediate learners, and advanced learners, those self-identifying as advanced had the highest scores on all the factors measured.; 2) There was a significant mean difference in students’ perceptions of the ability to use MT tools, their beliefs regarding MT’s effectiveness as a learning tool, and affective attitudes towards the use of MT tools between beginner and advanced groups. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications for the effective use of MT tools in the Korean EFL classrooms, and suggestions for future research were presented.

본 연구는 전 세계가 하나가 되는 초연결주의와 다문화로 대변되는 현 대 사회의 흐름에 맞추어 글로벌 문화에 대한 관심과 이해를 넓힐 필요 성이 있다는 자각에서 시작되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 글로벌 문화 교육 을 위한 구체적인 수업 절차와 수업 활동을 제시하고 이에 대한 학습자 반응과 인식을 고찰하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 다양한 미디어에 반 영되어 있는 글로벌 문화 관련 주제를 8개 선정하였고 각 주제별로 학습 자들이 비판적으로 사고하고 이해할 수 있도록 학습자 참여 중심의 수업 을 진행하였다. 글로벌 문화 내용과 수업 활동, 문화 수업을 위한 수업 방식에 대한 학습자들의 반응을 파악하기 위해 설문 조사와 의견 메모 활동을 실시하였다. 그 결과 학습자들은 다양한 미디어를 활용한 수업 방식에 만족도가 높았으며(76%) 이에 대한 이유는 학습자 참여 수업, 다 양한 매체 활용, 체계적인 수업 구성으로 나타났다. 글로벌 문화 수업 내 용과 수업 활동에 대한 만족도는 매우 높게 나타났으며(92%) 이에 대한 이유는 문화 학습에 유익함, 흥미롭고 재미있음, 영어 학습에도 유익함으 로 나타났다. 교수자들은 학습자들의 글로벌 역량을 증진시키기 위해 글 로벌 문화 교육을 위한 다양한 수업 활동의 구상을 위해 정진할 필요가 있다.

This study is a follow-up paper on “Development of flipped learning class model for nail beauty education” published by Seol (2022). This model was conducted from March to June 2022 for 70 students taking the “Nail color design 1” course. After 15 weeks of class, a survey of the students’ perceptions of flipped learning and their self-evaluation of goal achievement was conducted, which was composed of questionnaires using a 5-step Likert scale. 15 questions were designed to evaluate the students’ satisfaction with their experience and class operations; 4 questions to evaluate whether the class goal had been reached through flipped learning; and 9 questions to evaluate the students’ perceptions of flipped learning. As a result of applying this model to theoretical and practical nail beauty classes, it was confirmed that flipped learning helped students better understand the content and had a positive effect on learning, while the subject’s educational goals were also achieved. By evaluating the students’ perceptions of flipped learning, we may conclude that they experienced learning satisfaction and perceived the approach positively. Moreover, they have expressed a desire for additional flipped learning. This study is thus meaningful in confirming the procedure’s effectiveness by applying the flipped classroom model to theoretical and practical subjects with a focus on the nail beauty field, and showing how it achieved students’ positive perceptions and educational goals.

The purpose of this research study is to identify the perceptions of both primary ELL(English Language Learner)s and English teachers on MMP(Multimodal Media Production)-embedded English instruction at a primary English class. In order to answer this question, 182 primary ELLs and 2 English teachers participated in this research. A questionnaire survey was administered to the focal participants and an open-ended interview was conducted with the teachers. The results show that overall perceptions on MMP were comparably high among ELLs, and there was significant difference between genders, grades and English levels in terms of learning interest. The teachers’ interview revealed that MMP would trigger deeper understanding of the lesson and ELLs’ voluntary active class participation by heightening motivation, self-confidence and interest in learning English. In sum, the implementation of MMP-embedded English instruction has positive pedagogical effects for young ELLs since it may promote essential literacy skills in the 21st century as well as help in affective domains.

본 연구에서는 산학 연구로 제작된 게임 에디터를 (Game Editor, MakersLab)을 활용하여 실제 게임을 제작하는 학습을 통해 소프트웨어 교육에서의 학습 플랫폼의 중요도와 이에 따른 학습자들의 프로그래밍, 게임의 플레이 및 제작에 대한 인식 변화를 연구하고자 한다. 게임 플레이에는 익숙하지만 프로그래밍과 게임제작에는 경험이 없는 학습자들을 대상으로 게임 에디터를 학습 플렛폼으로 활용하여 프로그래밍 교육 및 게임제작 관련 수업을 진행 후, 학습자들을 대상으로 인터뷰 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 학습자들은 대부분 항목에서 '만족한다'는 의견이 지배적이었고, 게임이 제작되어지는 과정에 대해 체험한 것에 대해 흥미로웠다는 의견을 주었다. 하지만, 게임 제작을 처음 경험하는 학습자들에게 게임 에디터 플랫폼은 복잡한 인터페이스 및 기능으로 인해 조작의 어려움을 호소하기도 하였다. 게임 플레이 후, 직접 게임을 기획과 제작을 수행하고, 타 학습자와 서로의 게임에 대해 논의하는 과정 등은 어렵다고만 생각되는 소프트웨어 교육의 동기 부여와 흥미 유발을 위한 좋은 학습 재료로 활용될 수 있음을 본 연구에서는 확인 하였다.

국내 초등 교실환경에서의 한자교육은 대부분 좌뇌기능 중심의 교수법으로 진행되고 있다. 그러나 초등학습자의 뇌발단 단계와 한자의 뇌기능적 특성을 고려해 볼 때, 한자교육은 우뇌 기능의 활성화를 유도하는 교수방안을 선택해야 한다. 본 연구는 초등학습자들에게 뇌친화적 한자수업의 필요성을 제기할 목적으로, 그 방안의 하나로써 ‘이미지텔링 연상법’을 통해 한자 인식의 효율성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이에 국내 초등학생 38명을 대상으로 뇌친화적 한자수 업을 제공한 결과, 기존방식대로 한자수업을 받은 집단보다 ‘이미지텔링 연상법’이란 뇌친화적 수업을 적용한 집단의 학습자가 한자의 장기기억화에 더 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 또한 통계적으로는 약 3배 가까운 학업성취도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 향후 뇌친화 적 교수방안에 대한 관심을 유도하는 계기가 되길 기대해 본다.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(3). 1~30. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the awareness and attitudes of Korean learners about Academic Writing and to identify the problems which should be solved in academic writing education for Korean learners. For this, 62 foreign students were conducted a questionnaire survey, and 18 of them were interviewed to elicit their attitudes, perceptions about academic writing. A result of analysis showed that students have a very negative attitude towards writing. Moreover, they are not aware of the importance of writing. Therefore, they are negligent of writing and do not actively participate in academic activities. Second, students know the connection between general purpose writing learning and academic writing learning, but they have no systematic understanding of Korean academic writing. They simply gain knowledge of writing by imitating. Third, although they showed a willingness to be good at academic writing, they lacked subjective initiative on writing learning. And their writing study was centered on TOPIK. In order to solve these problems, this paper suggested solutions from an ecological perspective: language knowledge entry, learning environment, and learner’s self - growth. First, it is needed to help foreign students to have a systematic knowledge of academic writing as soon as possible. Second, outside the classroom, students should be offered a variety of opportunities to participate in academic activities. third, it is necessary to study the internal motivation of interest which attracts students’ attention and allow them to have a positive attitude about academic writing.

The current study aims at investigating differences, if any, of EFL learners' and teachers' (native and non-native English teachers) perception of the role of grammar instruction and error correction in L2 learning. For this study 617 college students, 53 non-native teachers, and 41 native teachers were asked to respond to a survey questionnaire. The findings were as follows: 1) some discrepancies were evident between the two teacher groups in perception of grammar instruction, while they shared similar perceptions of error correction; 2) the more proficient in English the students were, the more positive perception of the two constructs they showed; and 3) the Korean teacher group and students showed less negative perceptions of grammar instruction than the native teacher group, whereas differences between the students and the two teacher groups were noticeable. Teaching implications are discussed in view of the necessity of exploring students' and teachers' perception of grammar instruction and error correction.

Le but de cette étude est de mesurer la pertinence et la faisabilité des classes « inversées » dans la conception de curricula de français dans les universités coréennes. Plus précisément, l'objectif était de répondre à quatre questions de recherche: (1) Quelle est l'attitude générale des étudiants coréens de français, face à leurs professeurs, leurs pairs et vis-à-vis du français? (2) Quelles sont les attentes des étudiants coréens vis-à-vis des classes «inversées»? (3) Quelles étapes de la conception des parcours sont les plus déterminants? (4) Dans le parcours proposé, quels sont les éléments les plus pertinents et quels sont ceux qui restent à améliorer? Selon le résultat de l'enquête, les étudiants coréens avaient des aprioris plutôt méfiants envers leurs pairs et leur professeur de français, mais aucun à l'égard de la matière elle-même. En outre, ils reconnaissaient l'influence prépondérante de l'enseignant dans leurs études de français. La prise de parole et la grammaire étant désignées comme les parties les plus difficiles de leur apprentissage. Enfin, beaucoup d'entre eux ont montré leur grand intérêt et des attentes élevées quant à l'efficacité de la classe dite «inversée».

Les apprenants coréens de français langue étrangère ont, en Corée, rarement l'occasion d'utiliser le français en dehors de la salle de classe. Cependant, le développement des outils de Communications Médiatisées par Ordinateurs (CMO) leur fournissent un environnement d'apprentissage plus favorable pour surmonter les contraintes d’isolement et les aident à améliorer leurs capacités à communiquer en français. Notre travail de recherche porte sur l’utilisation de ressources en ligne. Ce parcours est divisé en trois segments selon les stades atteints dans l'apprentissage de la prononciation : la présentation, la pratique, la production (3P). En outre, des questionnaires et des entretiens ont été menés pour mesurer l'utilité perçue de ce site. Sur dix semaines, les principaux résultats de cette étude sont les suivants: la prononciation a d'abord été analysée à travers un pré-test et un post-test par des enregistrements. Les résultats du post-test ont montré une nette amélioration de leur prononciation, en particulier en lecture à haute voix plus qu’en expression libre. Cela souligne la difficulté de parvenir à un usage automatique d’une prononciation apprise consciemment. Ces ressources en ligne ont montré leur utilité dans l'apprentissage des caractéristiques prosodiques. A la lecture des enquêtes, les étudiants reconnaissaient un effet positif en prononciation, pour l'écoute et la prise de parole. Cette amélioration serait due à la possibilité de télé-charger, d’écouter et de répéter des fichiers authentiques, mais aussi aux taches communicatives proposées, qui intégraient des conversations en ligne.

The purpose of this study is to provide compared evidences on the definition and variables of intrinsic motivation of French and English learners. In spite of its prevalence and importance, intrinsic motivation in learning has been underestimated and ill-defined. This study highlights the limitations of contemporary studies and suggests implications for further research. In this article, studies on intrinsic motivation in learning are reviewed around two main issues: First, the types and characteristics of student’s motivation; then, the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation to learn. The findings showed that, set aside intrinsic values, all the variables for learning English are significantly higher than those for learning French. However, the results indicated that the intrinsic motivation for learning French is significantly higher than that for learning English.

This study explored the effectiveness and second language (L2) writers' perceptions of process-oriented writing, using portfolio-basedinstruction in a secondary English class at general school settings. The participants were 110 high school students enrolled in a private independent school in Gyeonggi. They learned to produce a four-paragraph-English-essay based on the process-oriented writing methodology, keeping a portfolio note for the entire semester. The instructor was a bilingual teacher of English whose native language is Korean. The 17 weeks' records written in the portfolio note were analyzed to portray whether the approaches enhanced overall performance and understandings about essay-writing. Findings revealed that the participants were satisfied with this approach and improved their writing skills using portfolio-based- instruction. For the sake of implementing the new assessment appropriately at public school settings, further studies are suggested to develop how to enhance classroom environment in order to increase the degree of learner-satisfaction in the essay-writing classes.