This study deals with replacement analysis of deteriorated equipment for improving productivity of production system. Frequent breakdown of the deteriorated equipment causes a situation that reduces productivity such as low product quality, process delay, and repair cost. However, the replacement of new equipment will be required a high initial investment cost, so it is important to analysis the economic feasibility. Therefore, we analyze the effect of the production system due to the aging effect of the equipment and the feasibility of equipment replacement based on the economic analysis. The process flow, working time, logistics movement, etc. are analyzed in order to build the simulation modeling for a ship and land switchboard production system. Using numerical examples, the economic feasibility analysis of equipment replacement through replacement of existing deteriorated equipment and additional arrangement of new facilities is performed.

본 연구는 DML(Debriefing for Meaning Learning[이하 DML])를 적용한 응급 시뮬레이션 실 습이 간호대학생의 비판적 사고능력, 문제해결 능력, 의사소통 능력에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 시도되었 다. 연구는 비동등성 대조군 전후 실험설계의 유사실험연구로, D 시에 소재한 간호대학생 중 중재군 38명, 대조군 35명, 총 73명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과, 비판적 사고능력(t=-3.144, p=.002), 문제해결 능력 (t=-3.248, p=.002), 의사소통 능력(t=-4.051, p<.001)은 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 DML은 간호대학생의 비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 의사소통능력을 향상시키는 방 법임을 확인하였다.

도로협곡에서의 수목식재에 따른 보도 내 교통유발 대기오염도 변화를 살펴보기 위해 오픈소스 전산유체역학 코드 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)를 사용하여 수목 투과지수, 식재 위치 및 유형에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. 광범위한 시뮬레이션을 통해 1) 관목층 만으로만 구성된 사례, 2) 관목층과 아교목층으로 구성된 사례 및 3) 관목층과 교목층으로 구성된 사례를 포함하는 400개의 시나리오 사례 중 399개 사례에 대해 유효한 데이터를 생성하였다. 분석결과, 보도 위에서 관찰되는 평균화된 정상상태 대기오염 농도는 식재유 형과는 무관하게 수목식재 후 약 10% 이상 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 가장 큰 대기오염 감소효과는 관목층만으로 구성된 사례에서 관찰되었는데 대략 45%까지 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 감소효과는 차선에서 인도로 대기오염물질을 직접 수송하는 선회류가 관목층에 의해 유리한 방향으로 변형되는 물리적 과정에 기초한다.

Purpose: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical for protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19 outbreaks. Therefore, this study examined the effects of a nursing simulation education program on PPE use for COVID-19 among nursing students. Methods: We employed a non-equivalent control group post-test design. The experimental group (n=38) engaged in a nursing simulation education program on PPE use. The control group (n=36) received PPE and the opportunity to participate in the same program after the intervention. Further, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Results: The experimental group showed significant differences in attitude toward PPE (t=3.21, p=.002) and efficacy of PPE use (t=9.92, p<.001), but not in the intention to care for patients with COVID-19 (t=0.95, p=.343). Conclusion: Nursing simulation education for PPE significantly improved attitude and increased self-efficacy toward PPE among nursing students. However, the intention to care for COVID-19 patients was not changed. Thus, it is necessary to find a way to improve the nursing intention toward COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: This study developed an educational program for structured discussion-based learning, problem-based learning (PBL), and simulation for nursing students. Its effects on learning attitude, problem-solving process, and clinical competence were then analyzed. Methods: This study used a one-group pretest–posttest experimental method among 135 fourth-year nursing students taking the simulation course at a university in D city. We operated the PBL by applying the structured discussion method and simulation education based on four modules covering major diseases among adults. The data collected before and after the program were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. Results: The program significantly improved nursing students’ learning attitude, problem-solving process, and clinical competence. Conclusions: We verified the effects of the simulation education program for structured discussion-based learning and PBL. Further studies are needed to develop and apply simulation educational programs utilizing various devices that can improve learners’ participation and professors’ operational protocols by systematically combining them with different teaching/learning methods.

최근 자기공명영상 획득을 위한 시뮬레이션 도구가 개발되어 오랜 시간이 소요되는 임상 연구를 대체할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 MRiLab 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 부가인자인 에코 시간의 변화에 따라 경사에코 펄스 시퀀스가 적용된 뇌 T2 강조 영상을 획득하여 영상의 신호 및 노이즈의 변화를 정량적으로 평가하고 경향성을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위해 실제 MRI 장비를 기반으로 새롭게 개발된 MRiLab simulation tool을 사용하여 모든 파라미터를 같게 고정한 후 TE만을 20~95 ms범위에서 5 ms 간격으로 각각 설정하여 경사에코 펄스 시퀀스가 적용된 뇌 T2 강조 영상을 획득하였다. 획득된 영상들의 신호 및 노이즈 특성 변화를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 신호대잡음비 및 대조대잡음비를 측정하였다. 결과적으로, TE가 증가할수록 SNR은 감소하고 CNR은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 TE가 증가할수록 관심 영역으로 설정된 뇌척 수액 신호는 일정하게 유지되는 반면 노이즈는 증가하였으며, 백그라운드로 설정된 백질의 경우 신호가 감소함과 동시에 노이즈가 증가한 것이 원인으로 분석된다. 결론적으로, 진단에 용이한 경사에코 펄스 시퀀스가 적용된 뇌 T2 강조 영상을 획득하기 위해서는 그 목적에 따라 적합한 TE를 설정하는 것이 중요함을 확인하였다.

Recently, traffic accidents have continued to occur due to the failure to secure a safe distance for trucks. Unlike passenger cars, freight cars have a large fluctuation in the weight of the vehicle's shaft depending on the load, and the fatality of accidents and the possibility of accidents are high. In this study, a braking distance prediction model according to the driving speed and loading weight of a three-axis truck was implemented to prevent a forward collision accident. Learning data was generated based on simulation, and a prediction model based on machine learning was implemented to finally verify accuracy. The extra trees algorithm was selected based on the most frequently used R2 Score among regression analyses, and the accuracy of the braking distance prediction model was 98.065% through 10 random scenarios.

목적 : 3D 시뮬레이션을 통해 구현된 Gullstrand 모형안에서 눈의 광학적 특성을 분석하였다. 방법 : 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 SPEOS를 이용하여 Gullstrand 모형안을 모델링하였다. 결과 : 모델링된 모형안으로 입사된 평행광선은 모두 망막 앞에 결상하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 근사 없이 계산한 결과 및 일반적으로 잘 알려진 결과와 일치하였다. 평행광선의 입사 높이에 따른 초점심도를 분석한 결과 입사 높이에 따라 지수 함수 형태로 급격히 감소하였다. 또한 구면수차는 입사광선의 높이에 따라 비선형적으로 증가하였다. 결론 : 본 연구와 같이 생체적으로 접근이 어려운 눈의 광학적 현상은 시뮬레이션에 따른 결과 분석을 통해 이 해도를 좀 더 높일 수 있고, 눈의 다양한 광학적 현상에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Most fishing vessels are less than 100 m in length (LBP), which is not mandatory for the IMO standards for ship maneuverability. Therefore, research on estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessel hull shapes are somewhat lacking compared to that of merchant ship hull shapes, and at the design stage, the numerical simulation method developed for merchant ships are applied without modification to estimate the maneuverability. Since this can cause estimation errors, the authors have derived a modified empirical formula that can improve the accuracy of estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessels in a previous study. In this study, using the modified empirical formula, the IMO maneuverability evaluation items, the turning motion test and Z-test simulations were performed on the fisheries training vessel BAEK-KYUNG and compared with the sea trial test result to verify the validity of the modified empirical formula. In conclusion, the modified empirical formula was able to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively similar to the result of the sea trial test. Such a study on estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessels will be a good indicator for fishing vessel operators and will help them analyze marine accidents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify trends in disaster nursing education and conduct a systematic review of the characteristics of simulation-based disaster education programs for nursing students. Method: In May 2020, 12 electronic databases were used to conduct a literature search using Korean and English keywords. Simulation, disaster, nursing, and education were among the search keywords. Fourteen studies were selected. The risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies was used to assess study quality. Results: A total of 14 non-randomized studies were selected. Simulation was mainly conducted using high-fidelity simulators and virtual reality simulations. Disaster scenarios included situations such as a bus crash, earthquake, tornado, and toxic chemical exposure in mass casualty incident nursing or disaster drills. There were differences in the methods of simulation interventions, and we found that disaster related nursing competencies such as disaster knowledge, disaster preparedness, disaster performance, confidence, self-efficacy, and ethical reasoning improved in nursing students after the intervention. Conclusion: Disaster nursing education aims to improve nursing students’ disaster competencies. Future research should examine significant risk of bias control for confounding variables, attrition bias, and outcome evaluation.

Purpose: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of self-directed practice using augmented reality simulation on nursing students' confidence in nursing skills, ability to apply them, and satisfaction with self-study. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-synchronized pretest/posttest nonequivalent control group design. The study participants were 58 second-grade nursing students (29 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group) from Y city. The questionnaire was used to evaluate the confidence in nursing skills (16 questions), performance ability (23 questions), and satisfaction with self-practice (17 questions). The experimental group intervention was an autonomous practice using augmented reality simulation, and the control intervention was an autonomous practice using video-based interventions. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, x2-test, and ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of nursing skill confidence (F=25.79, p<.001), nursing skill performance ability (F=67.10, p<.001), and self-study satisfaction (F=14.10, p=.001). Conclusion: Self-directed practice using augmented reality simulation was confirmed to be an effective method to increase confidence, ability and practice satisfaction in nursing skills.