Paddy-upland rotation system is one of the important cropping system for improving soil quality and crop productivity. we conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation system on soil properties and crop productivity in reclaimed tidal land. The paddy-upland rotation could be effective to conserve soil water contents and prevent from salt damage when cultivating upland crops. The first two years of maize cultivation after rice cultivation could be effective to secure stable production. However, in case of soybean crop, the rotation effect might be lower than that of maize. In the first year, the yield of soybean was 214 kg/10a. In the second and third year, the yields of soybean decreased consecutively to 152, 123 kg/10a respectively. In this paper, it would be suggested that maize be cultivated for up to two years and soybean be cultivated for one year after rice crop grown in reclaimed tidal land. This study could be provide basic data of the physico-chemical properties applicable to paddy-upland rotation system at reclaimed tidal lands.

Agricultural soils around springwaters heavily affected by pesticide run-off and around wells considering the regional characteristics were collected at 24 stations in Jeju Island, and the physicochemical properties and adsorption and leaching characteristics of four nonionic pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, alachlor, and metalaxyl) were investigated. The values of the major soil factors affecting the adsorption and leaching of pesticides, namely, soil pH(H2O), organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), were in the range of 4.64 ∼ 8.30, 0.9 ∼ 13.1% and 12.7 ∼ 31.7 meq/100 g, respectively. The Freundlich constant, KF value, which gives a measure of the adsorption capacity, decreased in the order of fenitrothion > diazinon > alachlor > metalaxyl, which was identical to their lower water solubility. Among the collected soils, the KF value was very highly correlated with organic matter content (r2 = 0.800 ∼ 0.876) and CEC (r2 = 0.715 ∼ 0.825) and showed a high correlation with clay content (r2 = 0.473 ∼ 0.575) and soil pH(H2O) (r2 = 0.401 ∼ 0.452). The leaching of pesticides in the soil column showed a reverse relationhip with their adsorption in soils, i.e., the pesticides leached more quickly for the soils with lower values of organic matter content and CEC among the soils and for the pesticides with higher water solubility.

2015년에 UNFCCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)에서 채택된 파리기후변화협약(Paris Agreement)은 195개국의 당사국들이 온실가스 배출을 감축해야 하는 목표와 실행계획이 담겨 있으며, 우리나라는 2030년 온실가스 배출전망치(BAU, Business As Usual) 대비 37%를 감축 목표로 약속하였다. 현재 우리나라의 이산화탄소 배출량은 2015년 기준으로 세계 8위로서 에너지 다소비 국가에 속한다. 우리나라가 채택한 온실가스 배출량 감축 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 최대 15.2조 원에 달하는 GDP 손실을 동반하기 때문에 단계적인 감축의 필요성이 시급하다. 우리나라의 메탄가스 배출량은 2014년 기준으로 26.6백만 톤 CO2eq 수준으로 이중 약 27%(7.3백만 톤 CO2eq)가 폐기물 매립지에서 유출된다. 국내에서는 230개소의 매립지 중 17개의 시설에서만 매립 가스 자원화 시설이 운영되고 있으며, 발생하는 메탄의 약 29% 만이 에너지원으로서 자원화되고 있다. 또한, 현재 중･소규모의 매립지에서의 메탄은 저농도로 발생하기 때문에 일반적으로 대기 중에 무분별하게 방출되고 있는 현실이다. 국내에서 사용하고 있는 규모별 메탄가스의 처리기술은 바이오 가스발전, 연소처리, 메탄 산화 등이 있으며, 경제성을 비교하였을 시 매립지 규모에 상관없는 생물학적 산화기술이 연소처리보다 저비용으로 메탄을 처리할 수 있다. 위와 같이 현재 생물학적 산화 기술의 필요성이 확대되는 반면에 호기성 메탄산화균의 군집분포 특성에 관한 세부적인 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 매립토에 함유되어있는 메탄산화균에 의한 메탄산화속도를 GC를 통해 비교 측정하여 그 중 산화 속도가 가장 우수한 토양을 선정하여 16s rRNA 염기서열 분석법을 통해 형성되어 있는 미생물의 군집을 분석함으로써 추후 메탄산화균의 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This experiment was conducted to establish a cultivation system for sorghum in reclaimed soils. Pot experiments were used to test the effects on seedling establishment of sowing depth, soil water content, and soil salinity using seeds of Nampungchal-susu and Hwanggeumchal-susu in reclaimed soil. Field experiments were also conducted to examine differences in growth characteristics and yield production, by sowing time, and planting distance. The result of the pot experiment, examining seedling establishment at various sowing depths revealed that, it was the highest 76.7% when the seeds were sown at a depth of 3 cm. Seedling establishment did not differ with soil water content between 10~30 kpa and at 51~70 kpa. No effects of seed moisture absorption before sowing were observed. Seedling establishment showed no differences with soil salinity below 3.2 dS m-1, but decreased with Salinity above 4.8 dS m-1. In field experiments to assess the effects on seedling establishment ratio of sowing time, Nampungchal-susu was revealed to have a high seedling establishment ratio following sowing on June 15. Hwanggeumchal-susu did not exhibits effects of sowing time, on seedling establishment ratio but exhibited higher seedling establishment when in low soil salinity conditions than when sown in high soil salinity conditions. With respect to yield, the yield of the seeds sown on June 15 was higher by 13% for Nampungchal-susu and by 29% for the Hwanggeumchal-susu than that those sown on June 25. With respect to soil salinity, the yield at a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m-1 was lower by 23% than that at 1.6 dS m-1 or lower for Nampungchal-susu, and was lower by 30% Hwanggeumchal-susu. With respect to planting density, both breeds showed the highest yield at 60×10 cm. These results suggest that a sowing time of June 15 and a seeding distance of 60×10 cm are appropriate for sorghum in reclaimed land.

Termites (Isoptera) are classified into approximately 3,106 species. In Korea, only one species has been identified, which is Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto. The termite, a social insect, is known to play an important role in nutrient cycling of the ecosystem, although some species of termites are well-known pests attacking wooden structures or any plant materials. However, there is a lack of research about termites in Korea, including aspects such the taxonomy, physiology, and ecology of termites. This study was carried out to provide valuable basic data on the ecological role of termites in an ecosystem in Korea for the future studies. For the experiments, soil and termite samples were randomly collected from Mt. Hwajang located in Jikdong-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Korea between October 5 and 30, 2015. Analysis results showed that there were no significant differences in soil chemical properties between the soil samples just after air-drying and one year elapsed without any treatment. The treated soil with termites showed significantly higher than the soil without termite treatment. Chemical properties of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphate, pH, Calcium(Ca), Potassium(K) and Magnesium(Mg) in soil treated with termites were 1.11 ± 0.3 g kg-1, 43.3 ± 12.4 g kg-1, 27.4 ± 2.9 mg kg-1, 4.56 ± 0.2, 0.82 ± 0.2 cmolc kg-1, 3.18 ± 1.4 cmolc kg-1, 1.73 ± 1.1 cmolc kg-1, respectively. The values of soil property of without termite treatment were 0.56 ± 0.1 g kg-1, 30.5 ± 3.1 g kg-1, 24.0 ± 4.7 mg kg-1, 4.09 ± 0.1, 0.71 ± 0.2 cmolc kg-1, 2.88 ± 1.5 cmolc kg-1, 1.30 ± 0.7 cmolc kg-1, respectively. These results suggest that inhabitation of termites could improve soil chemical properties in an ecosystem.

Background : Ginseng is becoming depleted of virgin cultivation area due to the problem of replant failure. Ginseng farmers have become more burdensome in operating expense because they are more likely to go out to other cities in search of virgin cultivation area. In addition, the quality and yield of ginseng cultivated in one place for many years depend on the rapidly changing climate every year. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for continuous production of ginseng in a facility by solving the problems of replant failure and investigating basic soil composition and growth characteristics of ginseng for 2 - 6 years. Methods and Results : This study was carried out in a 90 ㎝ wide, 50cm deep and 22 m long bed made of sandwich panels in a 90% shaded facility for ginseng cultivation. In the lower part of the bed, a 100 ㎜ pipe for drainage and steam sterilization was installed, and the pearlite was filled at a height of 100 ㎜ as a drainage material. The soil for ginseng cultivation was put into the bed. Soil composition was tested in five combinations including virgin soil, yokto, peat moss, pearlite, and vermiculite with different composition ratios including control. The native seedlings were transplanted and grown from 2 years to 6 years. In the growth characteristics and yield of ginseng, the best treatments were virgin soil 55%, yokto 10%, Peatmoss 25%, Perlite 5% and 5% vermiculite. Also, the bulk density was reduced by 30% compared to the control. Soil pH and EC tended to increase slightly during all treatments. In the ginsenoside analysis, there were no unusual results for the soil composition and they were almost similar. Conclusion : As a method to continuously grow ginseng in the facility, we tried to grow ginseng by filling the soil in the bed. Soil composition should be within the range of chemistry and physics suitable for cultivation of ginseng, and it is necessary to analyze the economy and reduce the operating expense. In the future, researches on soil disinfection and nutrient management methods for continuous use should be continued.

본 연구는 유기농경지의 지속가능한 토양양분관리를 위해 유기농가의 자재의존도와 자 재에 의한 토양 특성변화를 알아보기 위하여 2016년 3월부터 6월까지 10년 이상 유기농을 실천한 토양의 화학적 특성과 함께 유기농가의 토양 관리를 위해 사용한 자재의 종류를 조 사하였다. 그 결과 유기농가에서는 토양 양분관리를 위해 주로 자가제조퇴․ 액비 및 시판자 재를 사용하고 있어 외부 투입자재의 사용빈도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 그 중 57%는 가축 분뇨가 포함된 자재를 이용하여 토양관리를 하고 있었고 자재 성분분석 결과 가축분의 구 성 비율에 따라 자재의 성분함량이 다양하게 나타났다. 토양분석결과 10년 이상 유기농재 배를 한 지점의 양분함량은 대체로 높은 경향을 보였으며 농가에서 주로 사용하는 자재에 따라 토양 화학성이 차이가 나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 가축분퇴비를 주로 사용하는 농 가는 교환성 칼슘과 칼륨이 과잉 존재하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 시판자재 분석결과 부숙유 기질비료는 가축분의 종류와 비율에 따라 성분함량 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이러한 외부투 입자재에 의존한 토양관리는 토양 내 양분 불균형을 야기할 수 있다. 토양 내 양분 불균형 은 작물 생산성을 악화시키고 환경오염의 우려가 있어 농가 및 연구현장에서 이를 개선하 기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 농가수준에서 토양 양분관리를 위해 사용하기 용이한 시판 부숙 유기질비료의 성분함량을 고려한 신중한 투입이 필요하며, 또한 이러한 유기농경지에서의 양분 불균형 해소를 위해 집적된 양분의 이용률을 증대시키는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

남극의 토양 환경에 대한 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 킹조지섬 바톤반도에 위치한 세종기지 주변지역의 토양 성분과 토양을 구성하는 점토광물의 종류 및 분포, 조성을 규명하고자 X선 회절분석 과 습식분석(철의 산화도와 양이온 교환능 측정), 투과전자현미경-전자에너지 손실 분광분석, 전함량 분석을 실시하였다. X선 회절 분석을 실시한 결과, 스멕타이트, 일라이트, 카올리나이트, 녹니석이 주 요 점토광물로 함유되어 있으며 석영, 사장석 등의 화산활동 기원 초생광물도 함께 수반되어 나타났 다. 토양 시료의 철 산화도 분포는 대부분의 지점에서 Fe(II)이 20~40%, Fe(III)이 50% 이상 토양 입 자상에 존재하였고, 나노 스케일에서 스멕타이트를 분석했을 때 광물 구조 내 Fe(III)/ΣFe이 약 57% 로 분석되어 전체 토양의 철 산화도와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 양이온 교환능은 전반적으로 100-300 meq/kg 범위였으며, 시료 채취지점에 따른 유의미한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 전체 토양의 전함량 분석 결과, 광물의 주 구성 원소(Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe)는 지점에 따른 차이를 보이고 있는 반면, 중금속 원소 (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn)는 지점별로 유사하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 토양을 구성하는 기반암이 기 본 원소 분포에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 남극 지표 토양환경과 토양 내 점토광물에 대한 기초자료 확보에 있어서 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

This study was carried out to provide the basic informations on the sustainable management methods for soil resources by determining the soil physico-chemical properties of specialized plant gardens (Sedum garden, Fern garden, Medicinal plant garden, Ornament plant garden, Rare & endemic plant garden, and Shrub garden) and forest in Korea National Arboretum. Soil particle size showed similar distribution except for Sedum garden and Medicinal plant garden. Soil bulk densities were significantly difference among forest and specialized plant garden (p<0.05) and ranged from 0.79 g/cm 3 in Sedum garden to 1.13 g/cm 3 in shrub garden. Sedum garden and medicinal plant garden showed significantly low of soil moisture content (p<0.05). Soil pH ranged from 4.87 in Sedum garden to 5.41 in rare & endemic plant garden. Soil organic matter content ranged from 2.61% in Sedum garden to 4.71% in forest. The lower value in total N content was 0.11% in Sedum garden and 0.18% in medicinal plant garden. Available phosphorus was significantly lower in Sedum garden and medicinal plant garden than in other specialized plant garden of ranging from 16.90 ppm to 20.34 ppm (p<0.05). The contents of inorganic NH4 + and NO3 - were significantly different among the specialized plant gardens (p<0.05). The ratios of NO3 - to total inorganic N content ranged from 28% in Sedum garden to 44% in fern garden and forest. N mineralization and nitrification rate were also significantly different among the specialized plant gardens (p<0.05).

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the productivity of crop and physical properties of soil under green house condition. This study is a part of “No-tillage agriculture of Korea-type on recycled ridge”. From results for distribution of soil particle size with time process after tillage, soil particles were composed with granular structure in both tillage and no-tillage. No-tillage soil in distribution of above 2 mm soil particle increased at top soil and subsoil compared with tillage soil. Tillage and one year of no-tillage soil were not a significant difference at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate. Two years of no-tillage soil was significantly increased by 8.2%, 4.5%, and 1.7% at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate, respectively, compared with one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.10 MG m3 at tillage and 1.30 MG m3 at one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.14 MG m3 at two years and 1.03 MG m3 at three years of no-tillage, respectively. Bulk density of subsoil was a similar tendency. Solid phase ratio in top soil and subsoil was increased at one year of no-tillage compared with tillage soil, while soil phase ratio decreased at two and three years of no-tillage. Pore space ratio in tillage top soil (58.5%) was decreased by 8.5% at compared with no-tillage soil (51.0%). Pore space ratio was 56.9% and 61.2% at two and three years of no-tillage soil, respectively. Subsoil was a similar tendency. Gaseous phase ratio was decreased at one year of no-tillage soil, and increased at two and three years of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Liquid phase ratio in top soil was increased at one year of no-tillage (28.3%), and decreased at two years (23.4%) and at three years (18.3 %) of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil (24.2%). Subsoil was a similar tendency. Liquid phase ratio in subsoil was increased than top soil.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the growth of pepper plant and physical properties of soil under green house condition.1. Degree of crack on soil by tillage and no-tillageSoil cracks found in ridge and not found in row. At five months of tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 3 and 37~51 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 30 mm and 15.3cm in tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 7.5 and 7~28 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 29 mm and 15.3 cm in tillage. At a year of no-tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 1.0 and 140~200 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 18 mm and 30 cm in a year of no-tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 11 and 6~22 cm in a year of no-tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 22 mm and 18.5 cm in a year of no-tillage. Soil crack was not found at 2 years of no-tillage in sandy Jungdong series (jd) soil. Soil crack was found at 7 years of no-tillage in clayish Jisan series (ji) soil.2. Penetration resistance on soilPenetration resistance was increased significantly at no-tillage in Jungdong series (jd). Depth of cultivation layer was extended at no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Penetration resistance of plow pan was decreased at 1 year of no-tillage compared with than tillage soil. Penetration resistance was linearly increased with increasing soil depth at tillage in Jisan series (ji). Penetration resistance on top soil was remarkably increased and then maintained continuously at no-tillage soil.3. Drainage and moisture content of soilMoisture content of ridge in top soil was not significant difference at both tillage and no-tillage. Moisture content of ridge in 20 cm soil was 14% at no-tillage soil and 25% at tillage soil.4. Change of capacity to retain water in soilCapacity to retain water in top soil was not significant difference at 1 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in soil was slightly higher tendency in 1 year and 2 years of no-tillage soil than tillage soil. Capacity to retain water in soil was increased at 15 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in subsoil was slightly higher tendency at 1 bar and 3 bar in 2 years of no-tillage than tillage soil and a year of no-tillage soil.

Green manure has been used as alternative to chemical fertilizer. To evaluate the effect of green manure on the chemical properties of top-soil and sorghum yield, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, HV), manure barley (MB), and a mixture of hairy vetch and manure barley (HV+MB) were incorporated into the soil at a rate of 100 kg-N N ha -1 before the sorghum was transplanted. Total biomass of sorghum grown in the HV, MB, and HV+MB treatments was 13.1, 31.6, and 25.2 t ha -1 , respectively, and the nitrogen production of the treatments was 81, 74, and 145 ㎏ ha -1 , respectively. The SPAD value of the uppermost leaf of sorghum plants grown in the soils with HV, MB, or HV+MB were very similar until heading stage; however, at maturity, the SPAD value of sorghum cultivated in the soils with HV was lower than that of sorghum in the soils with MB or HV+MB. This could be because the nitrogen release from HV was too rapid to supply nitrogen to sorghum during the later stage of grain filling. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the incorporation of green manure increased the pH, exchangeable cations (K + , Mg ++ , and Ca ++ ), and total nitrogen in soil postharvest, indicating an improvement in soil chemical properties. Total carbon content increased in soil with green manure incorporated, but decreased in the chemical fertilized soil, suggesting that sorghum cultivation using green manure may sequester carbon in soils. The yield of sorghum cultivated with green manure was not different from the yield of sorghum cultivated with chemical fertilizers. These results suggest that the mixture of hairy vetch and manure barley can be a useful chemical fertilizer alternative in sorghum cultivation.

To understand the characteristics of vanadium leaching from soils formed by the weathering of basalts, paleo soil at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea, and several present-day soils from neighboring areas were collected. Leaching experiments were carried out by two approaches: 1) batch experiments under various geochemical conditions (redox potential (Eh) and pH) and 2) continuous leaching experiments under conditions similar to those of natural environments. From the batch experiments, leached vanadium concentrations were highest under alkaline (NaOH) conditions, with a maximum value of 2,870 μg/L, and were meaningful (maximum value, 114 μg/L) under oxidizing (H2O2) conditions, whereas concentrations under other conditions (acidic-HCl, neutral-NaHCO3, and reducing-Na2S2O3) were negligible. This indicated that the geochemical conditions, in which soil-water reactions occurred to form groundwater with high vanadium concentrations, were under alkaline-oxidizing conditions. From the continuous leaching experiments, the pH and leached vanadium concentrations of the solution were in the ranges of 5.45 5.58 and 6 9 μg/L, respectively, under CO2 supersaturation conditions for the first 15 days, whereas values under O2 aeration conditions after the next 15 days increased to 8.48 8.62 and 9.7 12.2 μg/L, respectively. Vanadium concentrations from the latter continuous leaching experiments were similar to the average concentration of groundwater in Jeju Island (11.2 μg/L). Furthermore leached vanadium concentrations in continuous leaching experiments were highly correlated with pH and Al, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations. The results of this study showed that 1) alkaline-oxidizing conditions of water-rock (soil) interactions were essential to form vanadium-rich groundwater and 2) volcanic soils can be a potential source of vanadium in Jeju Island groundwater.

Elemental mercury has a very high volatility allowing easy dissipation from water or soil into air. To better understand how the kinetics of diffusion of elemental mercury through a medium, which is soil in this study, a mercury diffusion column experiment was done. The correlation between temperature and equilibrium concentrations of mercury in standardized soil samples and a pure mercury standard were determined. Total mercury concentrations were analysed using CVAFS. The effect of time and soil depth to the kinetics of mercury diffusion were determined. Differences in mercury concentrations at different sampling probes were observed during the first few gas phase analyses. Equilibrium was reached through the column after 72 hours.

중금속에 의한 토양 오염이 국가적인 환경문제로 대두되면서 오염된 토양의 정화 기술 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근 (구) 장항제련소의 중금속 오염부지에 대한 1차 정화사업이 완료되었고, 2차 사업이 진행되면서 토양세척기술이 가장 현실적인 중금속 오염 토양을 정화할 수 있는 기술로 인식되고 있다. 그러나, 토양세척공정은 75μm 미만의 미세토양에 대해서는 중금속의 화학적 추출이 거의 일어나지 않는다고 알려져 있어, 논토양과 같이 미세토 함량이 높은 부지에 대해서는 적용하더라도 그 효율이 낮아 폐기물로 버려지는 토양의 양이 많은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미세토양에서 중금소의 추출 효율을 높이기 위해 중금속이 토양에서 어떠한 결합형태를 가지고 있는지와 중금속의 광물학적 특성을 고려하여 새로운 토양세척 공정을 제안하였다. 결합형태 분석을 통해 토양과 중금속의 결합강도에 대한 정보를 알 수 있으며, 기기분석을 통한 중금속의 광물학적 특성 분석을 통해 해당 중금속의 용해도에 대한 정보를 확인할 수 있다. 이 연구를 통해 제안된 공정을 비소, 납, 아연과 같은 중금속 오염 토양의 실험실 규모 정화에 적용하여 처리 효율 평가하였다. 비소의 경우 미세토만을 대상으로 실험한 결과 우려기준 이내로 정화할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 폐금속광산인 복수광산 주변토양을 대상으로 X선형광분석법, X선회절분석법 및 휴 대용 분광계를 이용하여 토양 내 광물조성을 확인하고 비소, 납, 아연, 구리, 카드뮴 등의 중금속오염 정도에 따른 분광특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 대조군 시료를 제외한 모든 시료에서 토양오염대책기준 을 초과하였다. X선회절분석 결과 모든 토양시료에서 석영, 고령토 그리고 스멕타이트 군의 광물이 검출되었고 중금속은 점토광물에 흡착하여 존재함을 확인하였다. 분광분석을 통해 대조군시료와 중금 속 오염시료의 분광곡선을 분석한 결과 토양 내 중금속 함량이 증가함에 따라 근적외선대역과 단파적 외선의 단파장 영역에서 반사도가 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 흡광깊이에 따른 오염도와의 상관성을 고려하여 본 결과 점토광물의 흡광특성인 2312 nm와 2380 nm에서 점토광물에 의한 중금속흡착에 따 라 오염도가 높을수록 흡광깊이가 감소하는 특징을 보인다. 이는 분광학적 특성이 중금속의 오염도와 상당한 상관성이 있음을 지시한다.

본 연구에서는 경량기포 콘크리트를 이용한 육성용 토양골재의 적용성을 평가하기 위해서 고로슬래그 기반 기포콘크리트의 총 8 배합과 인공토양골재를 제조하였다. 고로슬래그 기반 기포콘크리트 배합의 주요변수는 단위결합재량으로서 100에서 800 kg/m3으로 변화하 였다. 경량기포콘크리트는 플로우, 슬러리 및 절건 밀도와 재령별 압축강도를 측정하였으며, 파쇄된 인공토양골재는 pH, 입도분포, 투수계수, 양이온치환용량(CEC), 유기물함유량(C/N비)을 측정하였다. 측정결과 경량기포콘크리트의 플로우, 슬러리 및 절건밀도와 재령별 압축강도는 단위결합재량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 경량기포콘크리트의 단위결합재량이 500 kg/m3 이상인 배합의 28일 압축강도는 4 MPa 이상이었 다. 인공토양골재에 3일 이상의 15% 희석된 제1인산암모늄의 수용액침지는 pH를 저감시키는데 효과적이었다. 또한 제조된 인공토양골재는 양이온 치환용량(CEC) 측면에서 상급으로 평가되었지만 C/N비 측면에서는 조경시방서를 만족시키지 못하였다.

The objective of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of the chemical properties of the cultivation site soil and growth characteristics of organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng samples (4-, 5-, and 6-year-old) were collected from 52 fields at 14 locations throughout Korea. The samples were collected over three years from 2013 to 2015, with the collection period between October and November of each year. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, the amount of nutrients was increased to match that of the conventional cultivation system, which highlights the need for proper management in accordance with the standards for chemical properties of soil. Growth duration of organic ginseng was ≥60 days shorter than that of conventional ginseng and its average yield per 1ha was 60% than that of conventional ginseng. Root weight of organically cultivated ginseng was approximately 54% that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Rhizome diameter and body shape index of organically cultivated ginseng were lower than those of conventionally cultivated ginseng, indicating that organically cultivated ginseng was thinner and longer than conventionally cultivated ginseng. Root length was greater in 5-year-old conventionally cultivated ginseng with a low percentage of paddy-upland rotation fields. The number of rootlets was lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with a high percentage of direct seeding cultivation. Dry weight was distinctly lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with early defoliation than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Incidences of notched belly and root rot tended to be higher in conventional cultivation, with the incidence of notched belly being distinctly higher in 4- and 6-year-old roots and root rot being more prevalent in 5- and 6-year-old roots. Red discoloration and eelworm damage, which are highly affected by soil moisture, were most common in the organically cultivated 4-year-old roots. Organically cultivated ginseng showed early defoliation than conventionally cultivated ginseng, as a result, its yield and weight were low, while the incidence of physiological disorders was low. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, studies on cultivation technology that can overcome early defoliation, as well as soil moisture management that can minimize physiological disorders, are required.

Accumulation of excessive salt in Reclaimed coastal tidelands can reduce crop yields, reduce the effectiveness of irrigation, degradation of soil structure, and affect other soil properties. These salts has shown to cause specific ions in the plant over a period of time leads to ion toxicity or ion imbalance and a continuous osmotic phase that prevents water uptake by plants due to osmotic pressure of saline soil solution. This review focuses on the characteristics of salt-affected soils, mechanisms of salt-tolerance plants, desalinization technology, and soil management to maintain sustainable agro-ecosystem in salt-affected soils.

Background : Scrophularia koraiensis is a herbaceous perennials belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. This study was carried out to survey the effect of soil types on growth characteristics in Scrophularia koraiensis seedling. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from plants growing in the Mt. Kariwang Jeongseon, Gangwon-do in September 2014, and they were sown to 128 cell plug tray filled with Peatmoss (TKS-2) soil at March, 2015. The experiment was performed with four different soil types (Peatmoss, Peatmoss + Perlite, Peatmoss + Granite soil, Commercial soil). According to the experiment, stem diameter was the highest under commercial soil. The leaf width and length were the highest under commercial soil. Main root diameter and lengh were the highest under commercial soil. Conclusion : According to the results, Scrophularia koraiensis seedling showed the highest growth in commercial soil.