Air logistics is getting growing continuously because customers need to increase rapidity and accuracy, but it isn't enough to study the process about air logistics in South Korea. We analyze the AS-IS process and problems by studying previous documents and researching in this field. We offer how to adopt the ways that are solutions concerning AS-IS process and benchmarking e-freight of IATA. Our suggestion reduces stakehoders' work load by using integrated system. We believe it will contribute to improve air logistics process by making simple the process.

본 연구에서는 감 재배지 간 과실 특성 차이에 관계한 기온 요인을 분석하고자 8개 단감 '부유' 재배지의 16개 기온요인과 과실 특성을 조사하여 주성분 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 16개 기온요인 중 제1주성분은 12개 요인으로 이중 연 평균최저기온, 10월 평균기온, 연 평균최저극온, 생육기 평균기온의 영향력이 아주 높았다. 그리고 제2주성분은 4개 요인으로 4월에서 7월까지의 월 평균기온이었고 5월과 6월 평균기온의 영향력이 높았다. 이에 제2주성분까지 누적기여율은 91.4%로 재배지 간 기온 차이에 관여하는 기온 요인을 분석하는 데에는 충분하였다. 8개 재배지 중 5 재배지은 주요 기온요인이나 그 영향력에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 기온요인과 과실 특성 간 다중회귀분석에서 과고는 생육기 평균기온(X8) 겨울철 적산온도(X6) 영향을 뚜렷이 받으며 회귀식 Y=150.55-5.375X8+0.014X6을 나타내었고, 이 회귀식에 대하여 생육기 평균최저기온(X9), 적산온도(X5), 8월 평균기온(X12) 등이 영향을 주었다. 과경은 생육기 평균기온(X8, 부의 상관), 과육갈반정도는 생육기 평균최저기온(X9, 정의 상관), 과피색 a*값은 연 평균최저기온(X2, 정의 상관)의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

Nowadays, the tendency of world air cargo is noteworthy and air traffic in terms of cargo throughput will no doubt grow significantly in the new Region, with India and China's booming economy and the upcoming Olympics 2008. For example, in the first 11 months of 2006 cargo traffic was increased by 6.3%. First of all, the market of air cargo in Korea grows very quickly and diversifies. It is an essential factor in the process of development of Northeast-Asia as a hub for Air Cargo logistics. However the process of air cargo in Korea is complex as compared with other north-east asia nations. At the same time, it has many problems and causes inconvenience to owners of freight. This paper investigated the process of air cargo in Korea now and analyzed problems of the process. We emphasize that 4PL is the excellent solution from among many alternatives. It is also worthy of notice that EPCglobal network strengthen the role of 4PL. In conclusion, the 4PL system based on EPCglobal network will result in a good success, so it will raise a prestige of air cargo in Korea to a higher position.

A high efficiency roll-type electret polypropylene (PP) filter with an external electric field was developed and its particle collection efficiency and air cleaning capacity was investigated in a room when applied to an air cleaner having a fan. To enhance air cleaning performance of the cleaner, a wire-plate type ionizer was installed in front of the filter to enhance electric field to filter and one side of the filter was embossed by press of a pattern with a lot of circular projection. Performance test results showed that the newly developed electret PP filter with an ionizer becomes an appropriate filter to be applied to indoor air cleaner due to its low pressure drop and high air cleaning performance.

This study performed and re-analysed the articles of exposure assessment for the indoor environment of houses in many environment-related journals published. in Korea since 1990. Based on this comparative study, we estimated the unit health risk on indoor environment. The objective of this study was to offer scientific data for decision-making policy for improvement and management of indoor air quality on Korean house in. The pooled concentrations for the critical air pollutants in the house were 13.93±13.91㎍/m3 (PM10), 680±226 ppm for (CO2), 1.9±1.6 ppm (CO), 419±158 CFU/m3 (bacteria), 0.036 ± 0.002 ppm (NO2), and 104.935 ± 16.424 Bq/m3 (Rn), The pooled concentrations for the volatile organic compounds were 6.9±6.7㎍ /m3 (benzene), 39.3±55.1㎍/m3 (toluene), 4.2±4.0㎍/m3 (ethylbenzene), 11.4±8.3㎍/m3 (m, p-xylene), 4.2 ±1.5㎍/m3 (styrene) and 6.3±4.5㎍/m3 (o-xylene). The unit cancer risk for men and women by inhalation of benzene was 3.7 × 10-5 and 4.8 × 10-6, respectively. In additio

We gathered exposure data on indoor air pollution, and investigated the dose-response slope factor for indoor air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds, aldehydes and radon. Population cancer risks (that is the theoretical cancer deaths) were estimated from exposure to the pollutants. In addition, the damage costs, due to their risks, were estimated using WTP (willingness to pay) and VSL (value of a statistical life), which were investigated by a dichotomous contingent valuation method (DCVM). As a priority for human health risks and damage costs, management strategies are required for both radon and formaldehyde as indoor air pollutants. When the numeric results of human risks and damage costs are applied for other purposes, some assumptions and uncertainties have to be considered to use the results as useful screening tools for the administration of practical risk-based priorities.

방사성물질의 대기 누출 사고시 환경에서 핵종 거동을 모사하는 동적 섭식경로모델 DYNACON을 개선하여, 가축 (육우)의 공기 흡입과 토양 섭취가 육류 (쇠고기)의 방사능 오염에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 이들 두 오염경로는 누출이 육우의 비방목 기간에 일어나는 경우에 육류의 오염에 있어서 결코 무시될 수 없는 경로라는 사실을 확인하였다. 특히 누출 후 대부분 기간에 걸쳐 토양 섭취에 의한 육류의 오염 영향이 공기 흡입에 의한 영향에 비해 우세하였다. 누출 기간동안 강우는 토양 섭취에 의한 육류의 오염에 중요한 요소로 작용하였으며, 이러한 현상은 단반감기 핵종인 보다 장반감기 핵종인 의 경우에 보다 뚜렷하였다. 이전에 수행된 우유에 대한 분석 결과와 비교하여 공기 흡입과 토양 섭취는 육류에 대해 보다 중요한 오염경로로 나타났는데, 이는 상대적으로 육류에서 핵종의 긴 생물학적 반감기 때문이다. 방목기간에 방사성물질이 대기로 누출되는 경우 누출 기간동안 강우의 유무에 관계없이 목초 섭취에 의한 오염 영향이 지배적이었으며, 결과적으로 토양 섭취와 공기 흡입에 의한 오염 영향은 우유의 경우와 마찬가지로 무시할 수 있는 수준이었다.

최근 도시기후를 고려한 도시계획이 많은 나라에서 실용화되고 있다. 도시기후의 고려는 주로 도시의 바람 길 조성이라는 개념으로 구체화되고 있다. 도시의 바람 길 조성은 주로 하계에 도시지역의 열적 쾌적성을 개선하는 것을 목표로 한다. 아울러, 과학적 조사에 근거하여 도시의 단지계획을 합리적으로 함으로써 청정한 냉기류의 도심유입을 원활히 하여 도심의 대기오염을 저감하고자 하는 것도 목적으로 한다. 이 연구에서는, 수치실험을 통하여 전형적인 난후기일을 대상으로 대구지역의 국지순환풍이 지나는 바람의 길을 조사하였다. 그리고 이 바람에 의한 대기오염의 수송도 조사하였다. 수치실험에 사용한 모형은 RAMS(지역규모 대기모델)이다. 수치실험의 관심지역은 대구광역시 일대(약900km2)이다. 수평규모는 약 30km이다. 수치실험은 일반풍이 약하고 쾌청한 일기조건을 갖는 늦봄의 기상조건 하에서 수행되었다. 수치실험의 결과 다음과 같은 3가지 결과를 얻었다: (1) 대구의 대표적 산지인 팔공산과 앞산에서 야간에 산정에서 복사냉각으로 생성된 국지풍이 지나는 길을 발견할 수 있었다. 그 바람은 대구의 동쪽 지역에서 중력류의 형태로 계곡을 따라서 흘러내렸다. (2) 평지에서는, 그 바람이 대구의 중심지를 지나 서쪽으로 흘러갔다. (3) 그 결과로, 대기오염물질은 야간에 국지풍에 의해 서쪽지역으로 수송되어졌다.

여름철 온실 온도환경의 효율적인 제어는 온실의 주년재배와 고도활용을 위한 가장 중요한 당면과제이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 31개 지역의 기후자료를 분석하여 고온기 온실의 기온관리에 있어서 목표 온도 유지를 위한 지역별 적정 최대환기횟수를 결정함으로서 온실의 기온관리를 위한 기본적인 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 그 결과 여름철 유리온실의 설정온도 유지를 위한 강제환기는 40% 차광 유리 온실에서 최대환기횟수 1회/min로 35℃ 유지가 가능하였으나 환기만에 의한 한계 최고실온 30℃ 유지는 불가능하였다.

참깨 시들음병(病) 발병환경(發病環境)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 1983년(年)과 1985년(年) 2 개년간(個年間) 년(年) 참깨 연작포장(連作圃場)에서 광산깨를 4월(月) 20일(日) 외(外) 5시기(時期) 직파재배(直播栽培)하여 파종시기(播種時期)에 따른 발병정도(發病程度)와 발병환경(發病環境) 요인중(要因)中 온도(溫度)와의 관계(關係)를 비교검토(比較檢討)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 참깨 생육(生育)에 부적당(不適當)한 의 비교적(比較的) 저온조건하(低溫條件下)에서 재배기간(栽培期間)이 55일(日) 경과(經過)된 구(區)에서 2개년(個年) 평균발병률(平均發病率) 83.7%, 40일(日)이 경과(經過)한 파종구(播種區)는 68.2%, 25일(日)이 경과(經過)한 파종구(播種區)는 59.4%로 저온(低溫)에 오래 재배(栽培)된 것일수록 발병(發病)이 심(甚)하였다. 2. 비교적(比較的) 고온(高溫)인 에 파종(播種), 재배(栽培)한 구(區)에서는 3% 미만으로 발병율(發病率)이 극(極)히 낮았고 6월(月) 15일(日) 파종구(播種區)에서는 적기(適期) 파종기(播種期)인 5월(月) 20일(日) 파종구(播種區)에 비(比)하여 수량(收量)이 13% 증수(增收)되었다. 3. 병원균(病原菌) 인위접종시(人爲接種時) 의 저온하(低溫下)에서는 묘령(苗令)에 관계(關係)없이 100% 발병(發病)되었고 4. 의 고온하(高溫下)에서는 묘령(苗令)이 어린 쪽이 발병(發病)이 적었고 많은 쪽이 발병(發病)이 심(甚)하였다.(新梢上端葉)과 2차생장(次生長) 신초(新梢)의 엽(葉)에 주(主)로 가해(加害)하였다. 4. 사과굴나방의 유충기생봉(幼蟲寄生蜂)으로는 깡충좀벌과(科)의 H. testaceipes, 좀벌과(科)의 수종(數種) 및 고치벌과(科)의 Apanteles sp.가 조사(調査)되었고, 깡충좀벌은 년(年) 4회(回) 발생(發生)하였으나, 좀벌류(類)는 사과굴나방과 비슷하게 년(年) 5회(回) 발생(發生)하였고, 고치벌은 단지 9월(月)에만 소량(少量)이 발생(發生)하였다., 엽당(葉當) 마리의 가해시(加害時) 피해엽(被害葉)에 대한 피해면적율(被害面積率)은 정도(程度)였다.서 단백질을 추출하고 pH 5.0에서 침전시킬 때 평지종실단백질로부터 Phytate를 제거하는 효과가 가장 좋다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 장수자의 대부분(87.3%)이 매일 또는 때때로 동물성 단백질을 섭취하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 4. 장수자(長壽者)의 과거(過去)와 현재(現在)의 중요 식품(食品)의 섭취상태(攝取狀態)를 주(週) 회(回)이상 섭취(攝取)로 비교(比較)하여 보면 육류(肉類), 어류(魚類), 난류(卵類) 및 두유제품(豆類製品)은 50.4%, 67.5%, 우유(牛乳) 및 유제품(乳製品)은 26.6%, 51.5%, 야채류(野菜類)는89.9%, 81.0%, 지방질(脂肪質) 식품(食品)은 58.9%, 64.0%, 해초류(海醮類)는 57.0%, 62.9%를 각각 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.다. 이들 장수자(長壽者)의 은퇴 후 취미(趣味) 및 오락활동(娛樂活動)의 내용(內容)을 보면 TV 시청(視聽)(79.2%), 손자(孫子)와의 대화(對話)(54.2%), 집안에서 잔손질(35.4%), 신앙생활(信仰生活)

In this study, the odor of the parts and the odor of the surrounding environment were classified and verified. In order to increase the reliability of odor quantitative/qualitative analysis, the selection criteria for 5 sensory evaluators were established, and the n-Butanol control solution for each odor intensity was periodically trained to recognize the odor intensity before sensory evaluation. In addition, although various odor thresholds have been used through several studies, verification of whether the odor intensity value obtained through GC/MSD analysis is similar to the degree to which a person directly smells and feels it. It is important to select the odor threshold that has the best correlation with the odor intensity calculated by the person smelling the odor. Finally, sampling and measuring flowing airflow and temporary odors such as odor component analysis was experimentally difficult due to limited collection space and differences in concentration of generated components. In this study, a quantitative analysis was made possible by using the low temperature concentration (cooling) trap method. Through this, it was confirmed that the correlation with the actual odor intensity was not caused by the product itself, but by the environmental factor discharged from the product after creating the odor environment.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic health care data for the climate aspects of park re-cultivation by evaluating air ions according to the type of vegetation in the valley and upper slopes of the mountain park. Simple negative or positive air ions were expected to show the same tendencies, so they were analyzed in terms of correcting the air ion index. By analyzing the air ions according to the topography, it was found that valley > slope in terms of the air ion index. When analyzing air ions according to tree species, we found that evergreen conifers in the valley > the deciduous broad-leaved trees in the valley > the evergreen conifers in the slope = the deciduous broad-leaved trees in the slope. For DBH(Diameter at breast height), the valley large pole > slope large pole > slope medium hard wood, while crown density was analyzed as valley dense > slope dense> valley proper > slope proper. Layered structure analysis showed that the multi-layer structure of the valley > multi-layer structure of the slope = the single-layer structure of the valley > the single-layer structure of the slope. The correlation coefficient was determined according to vegetation type and air ion index in the order of DBH > crown density > layer structure > geomorphic structure. In this study, limits exist except for ridge line, valley, and slopes in urban mountain parks. Therefore, analysis should be made considering both topographical structure and various vegetation types in future studies of air ions.

Rehabilitation work is required to increase well productivity, which decreases with the elapsed time of pumping owing to the clogging of the water well. Clogging causes not only a reduction in the well productivity but also a deterioration of the water quality. For unclogging and rehabilitating wells, several techniques are used such as brushing, air surging, surge blocks, and gas impulse. In this study, the high-pressure air impulse technique, which effectively and economically rehabilitates wells, was applied to a riverbank filtration site in Korea for the same objective. At most of the wells, the hydraulic parameters (transmissivity, storage coefficient, and specific capacity) were increased by the application of the high-pressure air impulse technique. The well loss change values also indicate an increase in the hydraulic parameters by the air impulse implementation. Thus, the high-pressure air impulse technique can be efficiently and economically applied to water and riverbank filtration wells for rehabilitating the decreased productivity.

In this study, to investigate an optimal configuration method for the modeling system, we performed an optimization experiment by controlling the types of compilers and libraries, and the number of CPU cores because it was important to provide reliable model data very quickly for the national air quality forecast. We were made up the optimization experiment of twelve according to compilers (PGI and Intel), MPIs (mvapich-2.0, mvapich-2.2, and mpich-3.2) and NetCDF (NetCDF-3.6.3 and NetCDF-4.1.3) and performed wall clock time measurement for the WRF and CMAQ models based on the built computing resources. In the result of the experiment according to the compiler and library type, the performance of the WRF (30 min 30 s) and CMAQ (47 min 22 s) was best when the combination of Intel complier, mavapich-2.0, and NetCDF-3.6.3 was applied. Additionally, in a result of optimization by the number of CPU cores, the WRF model was best performed with 140 cores (five calculation servers), and the CMAQ model with 120 cores ( five calculation servers). While the WRF model demonstrated obvious differences depending on the number of CPU cores rather than the types of compilers and libraries, CMAQ model demonstrated the biggest differences on the combination of compilers and libraries.

Since power plants are primarily using seawater as cooling water, they have been severely damaged quite often by various marine organisms inflow in power plants. So, various screen system - bar screen, travelling screen, drum screen and debris filter - have been used as a facility preventing harmful substances into the water intake of power plants. However, it is not enough to prevent too small organisms such as krill shrimp and large mucilages such as jellyfish. Therefore, it is necessary to study the screen system that can prevent harmful substances more efficiently. In the present study, the principal and shape of a air bubble barrier system was proposed as a screen system for preventing harmful substances. Then, analytical studies were carried out to evaluate environmental loading acting on the barrier structure.

This study analyzed the placement shape and correlation of green space focusing on anion that is one of curing substances. As its result, it was found out that the meteorological element becomes different and the generated amount of anion also gets different along such different meteorological element in case the shape of placing green space. As the result of analyzing the correlation with meteorological element , it was analyzed that it was the positive correlation in case of time, temperature and relative humidity and it was also analyzed that it was negative correlation in case of wind velocity and amount of light. But, in case of wind velocity, it was considered that the further complement research is required as the sampling distribution was shown as so biased by the windproof effect of the trees planted at the outskirts of green space in case of wind velocity. Based on th analyzed results as above, it suggested the model of generating anion by implementing multiple regression analysis such as y = -2462.383 + 0.304x1 x 72.746x2 x 7.315x3 x - 0.138x4 (x1; time, x2; air temperature, x3; relative humidity, x4; luminous intensity, R2; 0.691).