생물다양성협약 당사국총회 결의에 따르면, 환경영향평가란 제안된 계획 또 는 개발이 환경에 미칠 것 같은 영향을 이익적 측면과 불리한 측면에서 사회경 제적, 문화적 및 인간의 건강에 미치는 영향과 연계하여 평가하는 과정을 의미한다. 해양에서의 환경영향평가 제도는 다수의 국가에 의해 국내법적으로 수용 하여 수행되어왔으며, 국제적으로도 많은 환경협약과 하위 지침들로부터 의무 화하여 수행되고 있다. 국제법상 국가관할권 이원지역에 대한 환경영향평가의 수행의무는 분명히 존재한다. 최근 채택된 BBNJ협정은 국가관할권 이원지역에 대한 종합적인 환경 및 해양생물다양성 보호를 목적으로 하는데, 그중 제4부는 환경영향평가의 발동요건, 절차, 평가의 내용, 협의과정, 의사결정 등 환경영향 평가 수행 전반에 대한 요건을 서술하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다수의 환경영향 평가와 관련된 기존제도들 중 국가관할권 이원지역만을 협약의 적용지역으로 하고, 명확히 환경영향평가의 의무를 부과하고 있는 남극조약체제 및 국제해저 기구 주관하의 심해저 광업규칙상 환경영향평가제도와 BBNJ협정상 환경영향 평가제도의 비교를 통해 환경보호의 대응기조가 어떻게 유사하게 반영되었는 지 또는 차이점이 있는지 살펴보고 그 실효성에 대하여 논한다. 결론적으로 1) 기존제도와 달리 BBNJ협정은 call-in mechanism의 적용을 통 해 환경영향평가서에 대한 최종 의사결정권을 당사국에게 부여하고 있다. 2) 국가관할권 내측 지역으로부터의 월경 오염에 대한 환경영향평가 절차를 포함 함으로써 월경오염에 대한 준수의 효과성을 보장하고자 하였다. 3) 대중통고 및 협의, 활동의 영향에 대한 검토 조항을 통해 환경영향평가의 절차에서 넓은 범위의 이해관계자를 포함하고, 기존제도와 달리 국가관할권 이원지역에서의 활동으로부터 야기된 월경오염으로 영향을 받을 수 있는 연안국을 명시하여 환 경영향평가 절차에서 역할을 부여하고 있다. 4) 기존제도상 환경영향평가시 고 려되던 누적영향 및 잔존영향에 더하여 전략환경평가라는 현대적 보전기법을 규정하고 있다. 남극조약체제 및 국제해저기구 주관하의 심해저 광업규칙상 환 경영향평가제도 역시 과거 작성되었던 규칙에 대비하여 비교적 최근의 규칙 및 현재 작성중인 문서에서 대중통고 절차 신설, 확장된 이해관계자의 참여 근거 규정 마련 등에 따라 환경보호를 위한 국제사회의 강화된 기조에 대응하고 있 음을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 향후 당사국 총회를 통해 환경영향평가의 세부 지침이 보완될 것임에 따라, 기존의 관련 제도상 환경영향평가 절차 및 내용에 대한 정확한 숙지를 기반으로 하여 대응해 나가야 할 것이다. 또한 관련 전문기관을 지정하고 과학 전문가 양성에 집중해야 할 것이다.

Various linear system solvers with multi-physics analysis schemes are compared focusing on the near-field region considering thermal-hydraulic-chemical (THC) coupled multi-physics phenomena. APro, developed at KAERI for total system performance assessment (TSPA), performs a finite element analysis with COMSOL, for which the various combinations of linear system solvers and multi-physics analysis schemes should to be compared. The KBS-3 type disposal system proposed by Sweden is set as the target system and the near-field region, which accounts for most of the computational burden is considered. For comparison of numerical analysis methods, the computing time and memory requirement are the main concerns and thus the simulation time is set up to one year. With a single deposition hole problem, PARDISO and GMRESSSOR are selected as representative direct and iterative solvers respectively. The performance of representative linear system solvers is then examined through a problem with an increasing number of deposition holes and the GMRES-SSOR solver with a segregated scheme shows the best performance with respect to the computing time and memory requirement. The results of the comparative analysis are expected to provide a good guideline to choose better numerical analysis methods for TSPA.

Attention has been paid to the source term released after Chernobyl and Three Mile Island (TMI), which were the representative accidents of nuclear power plants, and has been studied several times in order to predict and evaluate radiation source term, which can be released in the event of a virtual accident. In particular, the impact of the accident was assessed on the basis of Deterministic Safety Analysis (DSA) and after the WASH-1400, the technology of the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) was introduced, supplementing safety by taking into account the existence of uncertainty. After the Fukushima accident, a SOARCA report was published to evaluate the specific classification of each type of accident, the realistic progress of the accident, and the leakage of radioactive materials. In this paper, the evaluation methodology and results of the source term of severe accident before and after the Fukushima accident were compared, and the evaluation methods applied to domestic nuclear power plants were compared. Prior to the Fukushima accident, the behavior of the accident and source term were evaluated for Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), which led to design based accidents, Total Loss of Feed Water (TLOFW) followed by Station Blackout (SBO) the results were compared to Chernobyl and TMI based on the resulting data to evaluate safety and reliability. After the Fukushima accident, the Interfacing System Loss of Coolant Accident (ISLOCA) and the Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR), which is classified as containment’s bypass accident, were included for predictive assessment. This is due to the analysis that the risk of cancer and early mortality are affected. MACST facilities and strategies were added to domestic nuclear power plants, and accidents with a high core damage frequency were mainly interpreted. In addition, source term was evaluated with the addition of a Basement Melt-Through (BMT) accident that had not previously been considered as a focus. As a result of the comparison of source term evaluation, accidents can be caused by a number of unidentified problems, and Korea’s experience on Level 2 and 3 has not been accumulated, making it difficult to predict the results of source term evaluation or lack of reliability.

항공교통 수요 증가로 항공기의 운항이 증가하면서 항공기 동체와 조류가 충돌하는 조류 충돌 사고가 매년 증가하고 있다. 이에 각 공항에서는 조류 충돌 사고기록을 바탕으로 항공기에 피해를 줄 것으로 예상되는 조류 종을 파악하고 순위를 매겨 충돌 위험을 효과적으로 평가 및 관리할 수 있는 연구를 수행하고 있다. 본 연구는 김포, 김해 및 제주국제공항에서 2005년부터 2013년까지 수집된 통합운항정보시스템 (Integrated Flight Information Service, IFIS) 자료를 바탕으로 항공기 에 피해를 줄 것으로 예측되는 조류 종을 파악하고, 단일 및 다중 매트릭스 모델 간 위험성 평가 결과를 비교 분석 및 고찰하기 위해 수행되었다. 단일 매트릭스 모델을 통한 평가 결과 김포국제공항 및 김해국제공항에서는 왜가리, 독수리 2종과 백로류, 기러기류, 오리류, 갈매기류, 비둘기류 및 까마귀류가, 제주국제공항에서는 독수리, 까치 2종과 기러기류, 오리류, 갈매기류, 비둘기류 및 까마귀류가 ‘매우 높음’ 또는 ‘높음’으로 평가되었다. 다중 매트릭스 모델을 통한 평가 결과 김포국제공 항에서는 왜가리, 독수리, 까치 3종과 백로류, 기러기류, 오리류, 도요류 및 비둘기류가, 김해국제공항에서는 왜가리, 독수리, 찌르레기, 까치 4종과 백로류, 기러기류, 오리류, 도요류 및 비둘기류가, 제주국제공항에서는 왜가리, 까치 2종과 오리류, 도요류, 비둘기류가 ‘매우 심각’ 또는 ‘매우 높음’으로 평가되었다. 모델 간 예측 결과에 있어 김포국제공항과 김해국제공항은 차이가 없었으나, 제주국제공항은 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이는 김포와 김해국제공항은 모두 하천의 하류에 위치하고 있어 대형 수조류들이 주로 관찰된 것에 반해 제주국제공항은 바다와 도심에 가까이 위치하고 있어 몸무게가 작은 소형 조류들이 많이 관찰되었기 때문이다. 이러한 종들과의 충돌이 항공기 동체에 미치는 영향이 적어 모델 간의 공통된 변수의 영향은 적었고, 추가적인 변수에 의해 두 모델의 평가 결과 간 큰 차이가 발생한 것으로 판단된다.

This study compares optimization algorithms for efficient estimations of ship's hydrodynamic coefficients. Two constrained algorithms, the interior point and the sequential quadratic programming, are compared for the estimation. Mathematical optimization is designed to get optimal hydrodynamic coefficients for modelling a ship, and benchmark data are collected from sea trials of a training ship. A calibration for environmental influence and a sensitivity analysis for efficiency are carried out prior to implementing the optimization. The optimization is composed of three steps considering correlation between coefficients and manoeuvre characteristics. Manoeuvre characteristics of simulation results for both sets of optimized coefficients are close to each other, and they are also fit to the benchmark data. However, this similarity interferes with the comparison, and it is supposed that optimization conditions, such as designed variables and constraints, are not sufficient to compare them strictly. An enhanced optimization with additional sea trial measurement data should be carried out in future studies.

This study was conducted to observe the isokinetic strength (IS) of the hip, ankle, and knee joints in young age groups. Thirty eight men and thirty one women with mean age of 30.4 ± 3.5 and 32.8 ± 4.4 years, respectively, were enrolled in this study. Measurements of hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction at 30° / sec, Knee flexion and extension at 60° / sec, ankle inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, and dorsiflexion 30° / sec were conducted. Absolute IS (Nm), relative IS (Nm/kg), strength ratios, correlations between movements were observed. Significant differences in absolute and relative strength were observed between groups in all movement except in the relative ankle strength. Relative isokinetic strength ratios of hip flexion/extension were .45 and .55, knee flexion/extension were .84 and .89, ankle dorsi/plantarflexion were .30 and .29, and ankle eversion/inversion were .86 and .84 for men and women, respectively. In the hip extension, men had about three times the body weight ,and women had about 2.5 times the strength. The abduction muscle had about 1.5 times the body weight of both men and women. Height and body weight showed the significantly strong correlating relationship with hip (r, .76-.86) and knee (r, .67-.84) strength. However, ankle strength showed the comparatively correlating relationship, especially in women (r, .03 - .36). Similar age and physique characteristics of female and male groups could provide useful isokinetic strength reference values for developing the exercise program for healthy and rehabilitation groups.

Spermatozoa viability can be assessed by microscopy, flow cytometry, and other methods using fluorescent stain. Flow cytometry can be used to examine the morphological and functional characteristics of spermatozoa in a short time. The purpose of this study was to compare the viability of cryopreserved spermatozoa in Jeju black cattle by two dual fluorescent stain methods. Semen of Jeju black cattle raised in Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA were collected with artificial vaginal technique. Sperm was diluted with Triladyl®-egg yolk diluent and then was performed cryopreservation.There was no significant difference in viability of spermatozoa according to the two dual fluorescent stain methods. However, when the distribution of spermatozoa according to the staining method was compared, the spermatozoa group stained with 6-CFDA/PI was more clearly distinguished than the spermatozoa group stained with calcein AM/PI.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare students’ and examiner’s assessment scores of students’ simulated performance. Methods: For two years, 46 teams of 183 senior nursing students participated in simulated emergency. The examiner assessed the students’ reactions during simulation using the Nursing Competency Scale in Simulation (NCSS). The students assessed their own performance using the same scale after participating in the simulation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a paired t-test, a one-way ANOVA, a Kruskal-Wallis test, an independent t-test, and a Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The students’ NCSS scores were significantly higher than those of the examiner. The difference of students’ self-rated and examiner’ scores was larger in the lower third group of actual NCSS scores as compared to the difference for those in the upper third group. The students’ self-assessment accuracy improved after exposure to the NCSS, but the change was not significant. Conclusion: The findings can be suggest various strategies to promote more realistic self-appraisals among students.

본 연구는 국내 대학의 중국어-한국어 탄뎀수업에서 학습자주도 평가 방법으로 동료평가 를 도입하여 이에 대한 학업성취도와 학습자의 정의적 태도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 동료 평가와 교사평가와의 일치도를 알아보고자 한다. 연구 대상은 부산 지역 대학의 2학년 중국 어-한국어 탄뎀수업 수강자 224명으로 학생들은 동료평가와 교사평가를 실시한 실험반과 교 사평가를 실시한 통제반으로 나누어 한 학기 동안의 탄뎀 학습과 3차례의 평가 활동을 하였 다. 그 결과 첫째, 실험반, 통제반 모두 학업성취도에서 긍정적인 효과가 보였다. 둘째, 학습 태도 변화에서는 실험반에서 유의미한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 마지막으로 동료평가 와 교사평가 사이의 일치도는 비교적 높게 나타났다. 이는 동료평가방법이 신뢰할 수 있는 평가방법이자 탄뎀수업에서 충분히 활용가능성 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 학습 효과도 긍정적 임을 증명한다.

This paper compared the consistency of the Environment Stress(ES) model and the Potential Risk Assessment Model (PARK model, which was developed based on a Korean mariner risk perception) for the Busan adjacent waterway. Evaluation of accuracy and comparison of these two models have been made by Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) officers in the Busan VTS Centre. The assessment results of Busan waterway show that the PARK model is more consistent than the ES model as follows. (1) The difference between assessment results applying ES model and PARK model with risk degree of VTSOs were 34% and 5% respectively in six typical traffic situations. (2) The assessment using PARK model is more suitable and identical with the VTSOs opinion in his or her duty time.

Falls are common after stroke and most frequently related to loss of balance while walking. Consequently, preventing falls is one of the goals of acute, rehabilitative, and chronic stroke care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of falls and to determine how well the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) could distinguish between fallers and non-fallers among stroke patients during inpatient rehabilitation. One hundred and fifteen participants with at least 3 months post-stroke and able to walk at least 3 m with or without a mono cane participated in this study. Fifty-four (47%) participants reported falling, and 15(27.8%) had a recurrent fall. Logistic regression analysis for predicting falls showed that left hemiplegia [odds ratio (OR)=4.68] and fear of falling (OR=5.99) were strong risk factors for falls. Fallers performed worse than non-fallers on the FES, TUG, and BBS (p<.05, p<.01, respectively). In the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the TUG demonstrated the best discriminating ability among the three assessment tools. The cut-off score was 22 seconds on the TUG for discriminating fallers from non-fallers (sensitivity=88.9%, specificity=45.9%) and 27 seconds for discriminating recurrent fallers from single fallers and non-fallers (sensitivity=71.4%, specificity=40.2%). Results suggest that there is a need for providing fall prevention and injury minimization programs for stroke patients who record over 22 seconds on the TUG.

한국원자력연구원에서는 사용후핵연료를 직접 처분하는 대신 이를 처리하여 발생하는 방사성 폐기물을 심지 층에 직접 처분하는 방식의 A-KRS 개념의 방사성폐기물 처분 시스템을 개발해 오고 있다. 이러한 A-KRS 개 념에 대한 장기적 안전성 및 처분 시스템 성능 평가를 위한 모델을 GoldSim을 이용 개발하고 이를 지속적으로 수정 보완하고 개선해 오고 있다. KAERI에서 개발된 A-KRS 모델의 신뢰도를 증진 시키기 위하여 유사하게 개 발된 다른 모델과의 벤치마킹을 통한 비교 연구의 결과를 제시하였다. A-KRS모델을 미국 NRC에서 SwRI 연구 소의 협력을 통하여 개발하여 처분 시스템 성능평가에 활용한 SOAR와 비교하고 병행하여 스웨덴의 SKB에서 최근 수행한 SR-SiTE 안전성 평가를 통하여 KBS-3 개념의 처분 시스템 내 전단 응력에 따른 용기의 파손에 따른 유출 계산 결과와도 비교 검토하여, 전반적으로 상호 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻어 내었다. 보다 개선된 GoldSim으로의 모델의 이행의 필요성은 있으나 A-KRS 모델이 GoldSim을 통해 잘 이행되어 처분 시스템 안전 성 평가에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

It is important to assess foot posture when investigating the relationship between lower extremity dysfunctions and foot types. Although several measurements of static foot posture have been used, there is no consensus regarding clinical measurements for foot posture. The aim of this study is to explore the differences among navicular drift (NDt), foot posture index (FPI), arch index (AI), dorsal arch height ratio (DAHR), normal navicular height truncated (NNHt) and to discover the most effective measurement. After foot types were classified by navicular drop test (NDp), clinical measurements of NDt, FPI, AI, DAHR, and NNHt were performed on 64 subjects' feet. ANOVA analysis was used for the variance of the difference between the NDp and the five kinds of clinical measurements, and the level of significance was set at =.05. The results showed that all five clinical measurements demonstrated significant differences with navicular drop. In post-hoc, FPI and NNHt showed significant differences in all foot types. The five clinical measurements are suitable the classification of foot types through the NDp. Therefore, it could be possible to assess correct and objective foot posture by using FPI and NNHt.

목적 : 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 4점 척도인 뇌졸중 자세 평가 척도(Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke: PASS) 와 5점 척도인 버그 균형 척도(Berg Balance Scale, BBS)를 3점 척도로 단순화시켜 원본 PASS, BBS와 특성을 비교하고 신뢰도 및 타당도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 만성뇌졸중 환자 62명을 대상으로 PASS(0-1-2-3)는 PASS-3Level(0-1.5-3)로 BBS( 0-1-2- 3-4)는 BBS-3Level(0-2-4)로 기록하여 비교하였다. PASS-3L과 BBS-3L 평가의 측정자내·측정자간 신 뢰도는 급간내 상관계수를(ICC3,1), 절대적 신뢰도는 표준 오차 측정(Standard Error Measurement: SEM)과 최 저 실제 차이(Small Reference Differences: SRD)를 이용하였고, 내적 일치도를 알아보기 위하여 Cronbach’s α 계수를 구하였다. PASS(PASS-3L), BBS(BBS-3L)의 동시 타당도와 수정된 바델 지수(Modified Barthel Index, MBI)와 퓨글 마이어 운동(Fugl Meyer-Motor: FM-M)과의 수렴 타당도를 알아보기 위하여 피어슨 상관 분석을 하였다. 결과 : PASS-3L과 BBS-3L의 검사 재검사 신뢰도는 각각 ICC = .96, .96, 측정자간 신뢰도는 각각 ICC = .95, .94이었다. PASS-3L과 BBS-3L의 SEM은 각각 .99, 1.55, SRD는 1.74, 4.30, Cronbach's α계수는 .77, .85로 신뢰도가 높게 나타났다. PASS-3L의 동시 타당도는 PASS(r=.93), BBS(r=.75), BBS-3L(r=.80)과 유의한 관 련이 있었고, BBS-3L은 PASS(r=.80)와 BBS(r=.93)와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(p<.01). PASS-3L의 수렴 타당도는 MBI(r=.60), FM-M(r=.42)과 유의한 관련이 있었고, BBS-3L은 MBI(r=.79), FM-M(r=.48)와 유 의한 상관관계가 있었다(p<.01). 결론 : 2개의 단순화된 PASS-3L과 BBS-3L은 PASS, BBS와 비교하여 매우 높은 신뢰도와 타당도를 보여 뇌졸 중 환자의 균형을 평가하는데 적합하다고 할 수 있다.

제주도의 대표적 경관인 오름에 대한 경관 선호성을 분석하기 위해 총 18개 오름을 대상으로 경관평가를 시도하였다. 지상과 공중에서 촬영한 총 84장의 사진 슬라이드를 평가매체로 비 제주인(1그룹), 제주인(2그룹) 그리고 외국인(3그룹)에대한 선호도를 비교 분석한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.전체 총 84장의 오름경관에 대한 선호도평가 결과, Group 1은 4.93, Group 2는 5.22 로 전체 국내인 평균 평가치는5.11이었으며 Group 3의 평가치는 5.54로 나타나 제주 오름에 대한 외국인의 상대적으로 높은 선호 경향이 발견되었다.전체적으로 평가치가 가장 높은 오름경관은 Scene 8(7.60)의 비양도 부감경관이었으며 다음으로 평가치 7.59를 보인 Scene58과 평가치 7.35를 보인 Scene 48등이 보임에 따라 성산일출봉, 비양도, 송악산 등은 제주도의 대표적인 경승으로서 손색이없음이 실증적 재차 확인되었다. 한편 3개 평가 집단 간 선호도 평가치의 유의성을 확인하기 위한 ANOVA와 Duncun-test결과, 집단 간 평가치의 통계적 유의성이 인정된 평가오름은 총 63개에 이르러 오름별 평가치에 대해 그룹간의 차이가 인정된다.또한 평가그룹 간의 통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않는 21개의 오름 중에는 항공에서 조감된 부감경관은 단 하나도 포함되지않고 있음을 발견할 수 있었으며 21개 오름경관 가운데 전체 평균치인 5.34를 상회하는 오름경관은 Scene16, Scene78 그리고Scene29의 단 3개에 불과하였음을 볼 때, 부감경관에 대한 차별화된 긍정적 선호성이 입증되었다.더불어 총 18개 오름에 대한 평가치 중 민오름과 산굼부리를 제외한 총 16개 평가치가 높은 특성을 보여 하늘에서 부감한오름경관에 대한 뚜렷한 선호경향을 보였으며 이 경향은 특히 Group 3 즉 외국인 그룹에 있어 부각되었는데 지상에서 촬영한산굼부리의 지상경관 또한 굼부리 중심의 부감경관임을 감안하면 이러한 경향을 더욱 뚜렷하다고 볼 수 있다.

House dust mite of the indoor environment is one of the most important causes of allergic asthma and rhinitis. It has been known that more than 70% of Korean children and about 50% of adult with the respiratory allergy are sensitive to house dust mite. The purpose of our study is to find out the relationship between the concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO)/PM10 and the number of house dust mite in the indoor environment. In this study, sampling sites were education, social and dwelling facilities. We inquire the questionnaire of the resident on the indoor air quality in all sampling sites. At the same time, we measured the concentration of formaldeh yde(HCHO)/PM10 as well as house dust mites. it was complained by 20% respondents that the indoor air quality was bad and by 10% that the atopy symptom was evident. When a certain amount of house dust mites were detected, the contents of PM10 were observed high and that of HCHO low. However when the house dust mites were not detected, the concentration of PM10 was low and that of HCHO high. From our results, it is concluded that the indoor air quality (i.e. conc. of PM10/HCHO) is quite related to the contents of house dust mites supporting the fact that the symptom of atopy and asthma is due to these small organisms.

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to compare the Spinal Cord Independence MeasureⅡ (SCIMⅡ) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to determine the evaluation tool in order to use the tool as an effective index for following these patients for functional changes and determining treatment and rehabilitation outcomes.Method : The present study was conducted with 20 patients who underwent there first time rehabilitation care at A hospital from December 2002 to April 2003. The patients were evaluated at a 2-week interval using the SCIMⅡ and the MBI.Collected data analysis were completed by using Total agreement and Kappa coefficient of agreement, McNemar test, t-test, Correlation analysis, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results : The following results were obtained from this study.1.A high correlation was seen in the results of evaluation made by two raters in the SCIMⅡ, showing high interrater reliability(r=0.99, p<0.01).2.When functional changes were compared, more changes in the common items including management in bladder sphincter muscle(p<0.01), toileting(p<0.05), and bathing(p<0.05) were seen in the SCIMⅡ compared with the MBI. Furthermore, among the non-common items in the SCIMⅡ, significant changes were estimated in breathing, prevention of bed sores and bed mobility, and outdoor movement, the SCIMⅡ well reflecting major func-tional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion.3.When the scores of the SCIMⅡ and the MBI were compared at the time of admission and discharge, significant correlation was revealed between the two evaluation tools. However, the SCIMⅡ admission scores were significantly higher than the MBI admission scores in patients with quadriplegia (p<0.05), due to the effects of non-common items such as breathing, prevention of bed sores, and bed mobility.4.When these tools were compared according to muscle strength change, the SCIMⅡ com-pared with the MBI well reflected upper extremity motor score and the ASIA motor score in patients with complete and incomplete quadriplegia(p<0.05), and lower extremity motor score in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesion(p<0.05).Conclusions : These results indicated that the SCIMⅡ is more sensitive compared with the MBI as a tool for functional evaluation in patients with spinal cord lesion, suggesting that the SCIMⅡ would be used to examine functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion and to effectively follow-up patients for rehabilitation treatment outcome.