The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of methanolic extracts of 10 kinds of wild vegetables cultivated in Gangwon province on antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase, and β-secretase inhibitory activities. Results showed that among the wild vegetables, Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract exhibited the highest total phenol content (84.65±1.08 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids content (70.77±0.55 mg RE/g), respectively. The antioxidant activity of wild vegetables extracts was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extracts had the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity (90.16%, 40.18% at 2 mg/mL). As a result, Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract was the most effective in terms of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (35.94% at 1 mg/mL). In the β-secretase activity assay, all 10 kinds wild vegetables extracts showed low inhibitory activity, and Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract had highest inhibitory activity among the 10 wild vegetables extracts was 14.99%. Taken together, these results showed that Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem shoot extract has potential cognition improvement impact, suggesting that it may provide an effective strategy for improving cognition.

본 연구는 근거이론 관점에서 학점은행제 평가체제의 개선요구 요인을 피 평가기관 담당자의 심층면접을 통한 연구결과를 토대로 교육적․정책적 시사점을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 학점은행제 피 평가기관 담당자 26명을 연구 참여자로 최종적으로 선정한 후, 심층면담을 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 이는 Glaser와 Strauss(1967)가 제시한 근거이론 방식을 적용하여 개방코딩-축코딩-선택코딩의 순으로 분석절차를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과, 중심현상은 기본운영 여건, 질 관리 점검, 역량(성과)평가 영역의 구체화에 대한 변화였다. 이를 근간으로 인과적 조건, 맥락적 조건, 중재적 조건 순으로 학점은행제 평가체제의 개선요구 요인에 대한 패러다임 모형을 제시하였다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 신규평가, 재평가의 이원화된 평가지표 개선, 교․강사의 경력 인정 지표 개선, 수업목표와 관련한 평가지표 개선, 원격기관의 ‘조교 역할’ 지표 재구성 측면에서 정책적 함의를 제고시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

There has been heated debate between China and South Korea over the issue of THAAD deployment in ROK. From the standpoint of China, the deployment is a major issue which concerning the global strategic balance. It seems to China that the THAAD deployment will do nothing to solve the nuclear issue of north Korea,and it is beyond the South Korean defense needs. Moreover, it has seriously threatened China's security interest, undermined Sino-ROK relations and the trust between the big powers. The issue’s essence is the promotion of US deploying global anti missile system. For that ,China and Russia jointly defend the THAAD has become an inevitable trend. The Improvement of Sino-ROK relationship focus on the the national interest and prospects for denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. It means that the two sides have not changed their positions, and the THAAD problem has not really been turned over.

목적 : 본 연구는 인지심리적 장애를 가진 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 8주간 실시된 범주화 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 주의력과 기억력, 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2013년 12월부터 2014년 3월까지 30명의 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 실험군과 대조군 으로 나누어 실시하였다. 주의력과 기억력의 변화는 전산화 신경인지검사(Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test; CNT)를 사용하였으며 자기효능감의 변화는 일반적, 구체적 자기효능감 척도를 사용하 였다. 결과 : 두 집단 각각 중재 전후 결과 주의력과 기억력이 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 자기효능감은 실험군의 일반적 자기효능감에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05) 둘째, 중재 후 두 집단 간 차이에서 기억력은 유 의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 주의력과 자기효능감은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>.05). 결론 : 범주화 훈련이 참여자들의 기억력을 향상시킨 것을 고려해 볼 때, 향후 연구에서 좀 더 포괄적인 인지기능 및 작업수행과 연관된 과제의 연구가 필요할 것이다.

본 연구는 학습자의 과학과 공학에 대한 ‘어려움’이라는 부정적 인식 개선이 목적이다. 연구를 위해 4개 구인으로 구성된 설문도구를 개발했다. 실험을 위해 게이미피케이션이 적용된 학습 콘텐츠를 사용했다. 실험은 춘천에 위치한 A 대학교 학생 58명을 대상으로 진행했다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 게이미피케이션이 적용된 학습 콘텐츠가 과학 & 공학에 대한 부정적인 인식 개선에 대해 긍정적으로 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 과학 & 공학의 부정적 인식 개선과 더불어, 과학과 공학적 지식 습득에 대한 지속가능성에 대해 논의한다.

Background: The study was conducted to elucidate the extraction conditions under which white ginseng has cognition-improving efficacy.Methods and Results: Extracts from white ginseng under different solvent and temperature conditions were analyzed for ginsenoside content and inhibitory effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The total ginsenoside contents and amounts of ginsenoside Rb1 plus ginsenoside Rg1 from the 1st extracts (prepared with EtOH/H2O as solvent) were higher than those from the 2nd extracts (extracted with H2O after the 1st EtOH/H2O extraction). The contents in the 1st and 2nd extracts produced at 80°C were also higher than those obtained at 50°C. Samples from the 1st extraction at 80°C indicated higher inhibitory activities on NMDA receptors-whose excessive activation is thought to mediate the calcium-dependent neurotoxicity associated with several neurodegenerative diseases-than those from the 2nd extraction. Among the samples prepared at varying temperatures, the extract prepared at 50°C showed the highest suppression activity on NMDA receptors. Note, however, that the extracts from the 2nd extraction at 50°C inhibited acetylcholinesterase-whose inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive deficits and memory malfunction-more effectively than those from the 1st extraction.Conclusions: To enhance the cognition-improving activity of white ginseng extract, it is suggested that the extracts be utilized after being combined the 1st extracts (made with EtOH/H2O solvent) and the 2nd extracts (prepared with H2O) at low temperature.

The importance of human resources empowerment for operation and management is increasing for sustainable effects and improvement in mountain eco village development projects. This study aimed to understand the cognition characteristics of operator who works for mountain eco villages as part of the mountain village development and to suggest improvement methods in empowerment training aspects. The survey contained operator's empowerment and operator systems in mountain eco villages and the results were analyzed for the study. Operators who joined the mountain eco village operator training course by Korea Forest Service were conducted the survey on March 12th~13th in 2012 and March 13th~15th in 2013. 69 and 58 of questionnaires were collected respectively and analyzed for the study. T-test was applied to Intergroup cognition difference and regression analysis was used for influential factors in necessity of operator's role. Collected data was analyzed by statistical package programme SPSS 18.0 version. According to the comparison of empowerment cognition with contingent upon training experience, 'harmony with residents' showed significantly difference at p<0.05 level. In the recognition comparison for prospect of future mountain eco village development, 'various training experiences' was significantly difference at p<0.01 level between positive and negative prospect group. Regression analysis revealed that 'communication with village leader', 'harmony with residents', and 'idea related to the project' have an effect on necessity of operator's empowerment significantly. Based on the results, the study suggests improved directions for operator's empowerment training as a horizontal leader who conduces a mountain village.

The purpose of this study is to improve robotics education in public education. This study was conducted with 157 secondary school teachers regardless of their gender, age and majors. The results are as follows: First, 68.2% of the respondents (81.2% of the STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics)-related teachers) thought that robotics education should be included in public education because it will be a very important area in the future. Second, 73.3% of respondents (89.3% of the STEM-related teachers) agreed that robotics education will be worth teaching as a regular subject. The most important reason was that they thought the robots would be an excellent tool to initiate their class participation and increase their study motivation. Third, the results from this survey showed that the technology teachers would be the best suitable instructors for robotics education. Lastly, teachers felt a great deal of burden to teach robotics although they thought robotics education was necessary. In order to implement robotics education in public school, teachers think it is necessary to take professional training. In addition, teachers should be supported with the reduction in their workload along with sufficient fundings, educational robots such as LEGO MINDSTORMS, and newly designed teaching materials.