In this study, acoustic and viscosity data are collected in real time during the ball milling process and analyzed for correlation. After fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of the acoustic data, changes in the signals are observed as a function of the milling time. To analyze this quantitatively, the frequency band is divided into 1 kHz ranges to obtain an integral value. The integrated values in the 2–3 kHz range of the frequency band decrease linearly, confirming that they have a high correlation with changes in viscosity. The experiment is repeated four times to ensure the reproducibility of the data. The results of this study show that it is possible to estimate changes in slurry properties, such as viscosity and particle size, during the ball milling process using an acoustic signal.

During her time as Emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Ze Tian created a number of new characters. Later generations called them “Wu Queen New Characters”, and some also called “Ze Tian Characters” and “Ze Tian Xin Characters.” Since the Tang Dynasty, although many scholars have studied the writing methods, word counts, and circulation areas of new characters, there are many different opinions, especially about the number of new characters and that of glyphs, which makes future studies much more difficult and impossible to restore the original appearance at that time. In addition, the timing of the promulgation of each new word is hardly recorded in the classics, and it is difficult to know the actual use of the word and the circulation situation. Therefore, this article uses Collection of Epitaph of Tang Dynasty, Sequel Collection of the Epitaph of Tang Dynasty, Collection of Epitaph of Tang Dynasty and Research, and Beijing Library Collection of Stone Carving of Each Chinese Generation etc. to set the age of the research material from “Zai Chu” first year (A.D.689) to the end of “Chang An” fourth year (A.D.704), 16 years in total, 422 piece of epitaphs. They are arranged according to the grave owner’s burial time, sorting out Queen Wu’s implementation process for new words, actual use of new words, word count, and word font, and staging and spread area. By means of this, the article makes the appearance of Queen Wu’s new words possible, even further presented in front of everyone, and finally making a new investigation for the Queen Wu’s new words.

In this study, the changes in collection efficiencies due to the time changes of activated carbons were ascertained, and in order to identify the magnitude of adsorption, the before-use and after-use iodine adsorption values were analyzed. In addition, as a result of examining the characteristics of continuous process and non-continuous process and as a result of investigating whether the emission standards would be maintained, the continuous process and printing facilities were seen as not being able to maintain the emission standards. Also were found, in the case of non-continuous process,–taking into consideration the special nature of the job –for 4Ø palletized charcoal, a collection efficiency near 50% was shown even after 96 hours. Also, when the inlet concentration was about 300ppm, it is thought that the emission standards would be maintained if the activated carbons are replaced within at least 96 hours in the case of 4Ø palletized charcoal and the use was deemed pointless in the case of carbon. The results of this study are expected to provide assistance in selecting replacement periods for activated carbons and in selecting absorbents at the project sites, and are expected to be of significant help in the selection of precipitators that can collect total hydrocarbons for compliance of the emission standards.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the collection time, co-culture and sperm penetration of canine oocytes on in vitro maturation and fertilization. The oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 media containing hormonal supplements (10% FCS, 10 IU/ml HCG, 10 IU/ml PMSG) at 5% CO2, 95% air, 38℃. The in vitro maturation rate to MⅡ stage of in vitro oocytes recovered from ovaries that collected at follicular, luteal and inactive phases of the reproductive phase for 44～72 hrs were 19.2%, 12.2%, and 6.0%, respectively. Follicular phases oocytes had a significantly higher in vitro maturation rate than oocytes collected at luteal and anestrus stage (p<0.05). The in vitro maturation rates to the MII stage of canine oocytes after 48 hrs of culture with glutathione, pyruvate, or glutathione + pyruvate were 12.5%, 10.7%, and 17.5%, respectively. This was higher than that in both alone or the combination of the two compared to the control group (19.0%). The sperm penetration rates of in vitro matured oocytes by fresh and frozen semen were 29/80 (36.3%) and 18/80 (22.5%), respectively. Although there are limited reports about canine oocytes co-culture and in vitro fertilization, our results on in vitro maturation is comparable to the results from other researches.

본 실험은 볏짚 수거시기에 따른 물리적 특성, 사료가치, 소화율 및 기호성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 볏짚 수거시기를 9처리 3반복(T1: 벼 수확 후 10일, T2: 벼 수확 후 25일, T3: 벼 수확 후 40일, T4: 벼 수확 후 51일, T5: 벼 수확 후 70일, T6: 벼 수확 후 85일, T7: 벼 수확 후 100일, T8: 벼 수확 후 115일, T9: 벼 수확 후 130일)으로 하여 2007년 10월부터 2008년 2월까지 경북대

These study was carried out to investigate the effects of the collection time, culture time and activation of canine oocytes on in vitro maturation rates. The activated oocytes were cultured in 10% FCS+TCM-199 media containing hormonal supplements (10 IU/ml HCG, 10 IU/ml PMSG, 10 ug/ml gonadotropin) at 5% , 95% air, . 1. IVM rate of in vitro cultured cumulus-attached oocytes recovered from ovaries that collected at follicular and luteal stages of the reproductive cycles were 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively. IVM rate of oocytes recovered from ovaries that collected at follicular stages of the reproductive cycles was significantly higher than that of luteal stage (p<0.05). 2. When IVM was carried out at different periods of 40, 48, and 70 hrs, the IVM rates of oocytes matured in vitro were 2.9%, 8.6%, 5.7%, respectively. These results indicate that the IVM time between hrs gives the highest maturation rate for the oocytes matured at the different stages. 3. IVM rate of oocytes matured in vitro for 10 hrs after single and combined activation treatment by ET, IP and CH and Ca+DMAP, CH+DMAP, ET+CH were respectively. This was higher than that in both single and combined stimulated groups compared to control group ().

본 연구는 개 체외성숙 난자를 안정적으로 생산하기 위하여 채취시기, 난구세포 부착 여부 및 배양액에 EGF와 호르몬을 첨가 후 배양했을 때 체외성숙율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 미성숙 난포란을 TCM-199 배양액에서 24, 45시간 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 각각 7.93%, 8.94%로서 48시간 배양했을 때 가장 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 2. 휴지기, 난포기, 황체기에 채취한 난소로부터 회수한 난자를 20 ng/ml의 EGF가 첨가된 TC

본 연구는 재래산양에 있어서 과 배란 처리에 의한 oocyte의 회수방법과 양질의 oocyte 회수 체계를 확립하기 위하여 과 배란 처리 후 회수시간이 난포의 발달과 난자의 회수율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물은 체중 15~25 kg 전후의 성숙한 미경산 재래산양으로서 발정동기화를 위하여 CIDR를 10일간 질내에 삽입하고 과배란 처리는 FSH를 CIDR 삽입 8, 9, 10일째에 12시간 간격으로 70 mg을 감량 투여하였다. 는 FSH와 함께

Background: This study was carried out to determine the best time for collecting ginseng berries without reducing the ginsenoside- Re content of ginseng roots, which are used as food, medicine, or cosmetic materials. Methods and Results: The test variety of ginseng used in this study was is Chunpung, which was collected from a 4-year-old ginseng field. Ginseng berries were collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days after flowering. The number of berry bunches per 1.62㎡ ranged from 43.4 to 61.4, while the weight of berries per 1.62㎡ was the greatest when they were collected 49 days after flowering. The root fresh weight per 1.62㎡ was increased by 0.21 - 1.00 ㎏ compared with that before the test, but root weight gain was decreased as the berry collection time was delayed. Total ginsenoside content of 4-year-old ginseng was the highest when berries were collected 7 days after flowering, while the ginsenoside-Re contents was the highest when collection was done 14 days after flowering. Conclusions: The most suitable period for ginseng berry collection was proposed to be from 14 to 21 days after flowering, as this is when the content of ginsenoside-Re, which is useful as a medicinal or cosmetic material, is still high and the ginseng root has not yet decreased in weight.

This study analyzes the chemical composition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels of Godulbaegi (Youngia sonchifolia M.) depending on collection time. The moisture and crude fat content in leaf and root decreased, while crude fiber, crude protein, carbohydrate, and ash increased with increases in collection time. The mineral elements tended to increase in each sample with increases in collection time. The content of vitamin B increased as collection time increased. Vitamin C content was approximately five times higher in the leaves than that in the roots. Total amino acids in leaf and root increased considerably as collection time increased content of phenolic compounds in root were higher than that in the leaf and these contents increased. Antioxidant activity of Godulbaegi was higher in the root than in the leaf and increased as collection time increased.

우리나라는 현재 지방자치제도를 시행하고 있다. 지방자지제도란 일정한 지역을 바탕으로 하는 단체 혹은 해당지역의 주민이 스스로 산출한 기관이 해당 지방의 행정을 관할하는 제도이다. 그렇기에 지방자치단체(이하 지자체)에서 발생하는 생활폐기물의 수집운반 업무의 책임 또한 해당 지자체의 장이 지고 있다. 생활폐기물 수집운반 업무는 각 해당 지자체가 직접 조직을 구성하여 운영하는 이른바 직접운영과 민간업체에 해당 업무를 위탁하여 진행하는 위탁운영으로 구분할 수 있다. 직영은 각 지자체가 직접 수집운반에 소요되는 비용을 지불하고 있으나 위탁의 경우 앞서 언급한 직영과는 조금 다른 비용지불법을 사용하고 있다. 이는 업무의 효율과 투명성을 높이기 위해 공개입찰제를 시행하고 있는데 이 과정을 통해 선정된 폐기물 수집운반업자에게 비용을 지불하고 해당 업무를 진행하고 있다. 하지만 해당 업무에 필요한 예산은 지자체가 임의로 배정하는 것이 아니라 지자체 혹은 폐기물 수집운반 업자가 아닌 제 3자가 계상하고 있으며 제 3자가 비용의 계상시에도 지자체가 비용을 지불하고 있는데, 이를 추산해본 결과 전국적으로 매년 약 25억원을 지출하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하여 본 연구의 목적은 매년 생활폐기물 수집운반업무의 민간위탁시 원가산정으로 낭비되는 비용을 저감키 위함이다. 이를 위해 각 지자체의 폐기물 수집운반 원가산정 보고서를 분석하였으며 그 결과 폐기물 수집운반 원가는 해당 업무에 소요되는 시간을 산정하고 이를 바탕으로 인건비, 장비 사용료 등을 계상하고 있음을 파악하였다. 하여 생활폐기물 수집운반 소요시간 산정모델을 개발하였다. 수집운반에 소요되는 시간을 산정하면 이를 바탕으로 수집운반 소요원가를 산정할 수 있음에도 불구하고 소요시간만 산정하는 모델을 개발한 이유로는 각 지자체마다 각기 다른 기준을 적용하여 생활폐기물 수집운반 소요원가를 산정하고 있기 때문이었다. 본 연구를 진행키 위해 폐기물 수집운반 현장조사를 진행하기로 하였으며, 대상지역을 선정하였다. 선정기준은 인구밀도이며 국내에 존재하는 모든 지자체의 인구밀도를 각 지자체에서 발간하는 ‘통계연보’를 통해 수집하였다. 이후 이를 내림차순으로 정렬하고 상위에서 25%씩 총 4그룹으로 분할하였다. 그리고 각 구간별 인구밀도의 평균과 가장 가까운 지자체 총 12개가 선정되었다. 그리고 지자체별 폐기물 수집운반업체를 찾아 폐기물 수집운반 차량에 GPS를 장착하고 추적조사를 통해 차량이동 궤적, 이동소요시간, 이동거리를 수집하고 설문조사를 통해 차량종류, 작업원 수, 폐기물 수집량을 수집하였다. 수집된 정보 중 폐기물 수집소요시간에서 폐기물 수집량을 나누어서 단위생활폐기물 수집소요시간(hr/ton)을 구하였고 이를 이용하여 이것과 다른 데이터들의 상관관계를 회귀분석을 통해 진행하였다. 그 결과 단위생활폐기물과 가장 유의성이 높은 인자는 주택밀도(호/km²)로 분석되었고 단위생활폐기물 수집소요시간과 주택밀도와의 회귀분석식을 통해 나타난 식을 이용하여 생활폐기물 수집운반에 소요되는 시간을 산정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Epicotyl grafting in one of the most efficient propagation methods for walnut trees. We have analyzed the scion factors that may influence the survival rate of the grafts. The optimum time for the collection of scions was turned out to be between January