This study investigated species identification and labeling compliance of 48 shrimp products sold in the Korean online markets. Species identification was conducted using the standard DNA barcoding method, using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The obtained sequences were compared with those deposited in the NCBI GenBank and BOLD Systems databases. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis was performed to further verify the identified shrimp species. Consequently, 16 shrimp species were identified, including Penaeus vannamei, Pandalus borealis, Palaemon gravieri, Leptochela gracilis, Penaeus monodon, Pleoticus muelleri, Metapenaeopsis dalei, Euphausia pacifica, Lebbeus groenlandicus, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Argis lar, Metanephrops thomsoni, Metapenaeopsis barbata, Alpheus japonicus, Penaeus chinensis, and Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii. The most prevalent species was Penaeus vannamei, found in 45.8% of the analyzed products. A significant mislabeling rate of 72.9% was found; however, upon excluding generic names such as shrimp, the mislabeling rate reduced to 10.4%. The mislabeling rate was higher in highly-processed products (89.3%) compared with that in minimally-processed products (50%). No correlation was found between the country of origin and mislabeling rate. The results of this study provide crucial data for future monitoring of shrimp products and improving the labeling of shrimp species in Korea.

In this study, based on an analysis of two DNA barcode markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b genes), we performed species identification and monitored labeling compliance for 50 commercial pufferfish products sold in on-line markets in Korea. Using these barcode sequences as a query for species identification and phylogenetic analysis, we screened the GenBank database. A total of seven pufferfish species (Takifugu chinensis, T. pseudommus, T. xanthopterus, T. alboplumbeus, T. porphyreus, T. vermicularis, and Lagocephalus cheesemanii) were identified and we detected 35 products (70%) that were non-compliant with the corresponding label information. Moreover, the labels on 12 commercial products contained only the general common name (i.e., pufferfish), although not the scientific or Korean names for the 21 edible pufferfish species. Furthermore, the proportion of mislabeled highly processed products (n = 9, 81.8%) was higher than that of simply processed products (n = 26, 66.7%). With respect to the country of origin, the percentage of mislabeled Chinese products (n = 8, 80%) was higher than that of Korean products (n = 26, 66.7%). In addition, the market and dialect names of different pufferfish species were labeled only as Jolbok or Milbok, whereas two non-edible pufferfish species (T. vermicularis and T. pseudommus) were used in six commercial pufferfish products described as JolboK and Gumbok on their labels, which could be attributable to the complex classification system used for pufferfish. These monitoring results highlight the necessity to develop genetic methods that can be used to identify the 21 edible pufferfish species, as well as the need for regulatory monitoring of commercial pufferfish products.

For safe and successful decommissioning, it is one of the most important procedures that establishing the goal and complying with regulations of which final status of decommissioned site and building. The dose criteria for cyclotron facilities should be established and applied to reuse the site and building, since building and component of a cyclotron facility have been activated by incident secondary neutrons from radioactive isotope processes (e.g. 18O(p,n)18F, etc.). Furthermore, appropriate approaches should be applied to demonstrate compliance with the dose criteria for reliability of reuse. It is of noted that U.S. NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) has confirmed that the residual radioactivity which distinguishable from background radiation results in a TEDE (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) does not exceed 25 mrem (0.25 mSv) per year as radiological criteria for unrestricted use of not only nuclear power plants but also cyclotron facilities referred to 10 CFR Part 20.1402. In addition, U.S. NRC noted the two approaches (i.e. dose assessment methods and, DCGL and final status surveys) which can be applied for demonstrating compliance with the dose criteria of 10 CFR Part 20 and recommended DCGL and FSS approach based on advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches. In order to using DCGL and FSS approach, U.S. NRC suggested screening approach; using DandD Version 2 which assesses TEDE under ICRP 28 and site-specific approach; using all models or computational codes which approved by NRC staff. There are several foreign cases that release of cyclotron facilities after decommissioning (i.e. U.S. and Japan). U.S., for examples, there are two DCGL approach cases and one dose modeling case based on 25 mrem per year same as reactor facilities. The dose modeling case, however, which may not be really used in Korea because of its low applicability. On the other hand, Japan case did not establish any radiological criteria for site and building reuse such as DCGL and just confirm “no more contamination” which is all residual radioactivity is lower than MDC based on real survey. Japan case also may not be used in Korea since criteria of “no more contamination” is not clear and hard to apply for all sites. Considering regulations and criteria for site release and reuse in Korea, this study aims to suggest radiological criteria and the demonstration approach of compliance for decommissioning of cyclotron facilities based on Nuclear Safety Acts and NSSC notices.

An Internal Compliance Program (ICP) is a system through which enterprise internally manage their own export control processes to ensure compliance with domestic export control laws. Around the world, ICPs are actively utilized as a means of export control for strategic items. However, they are not mostly applied to the Trigger List Items. However, advanced countries such as the United States and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) have been actively researching the potential application of ICPs to the Trigger List Items recently. This paper suggests additional considerations that should be taken into account when applying an ICP to the Trigger List Items. The key elements of classical ICP include Top-level management commitment to compliance; Risk analysis; Organizational structure/chain of responsibilities; Human and technical resources allocated to the management of exports; Workflow management and operational procedures; Record -keeping and documentation; Selection of staff; training and awareness-raising; Process-/Systemrelated controls (ICP audit)/Corrective Measures; Physical and technical security. An ICP for Trigger List Items must encompass all these core elements. Additionally, as the nuclear industry often involves collaborative projects participating with various companies, the effectiveness of the ICP could be enhanced through the operation of consultation groups among participating companies. Furthermore, enterprises must take into account the unique characteristics of Trigger List Items that differ from other strategic items, when making requirements of the ICP establishment. First, export requirements related to safety measures and physical protection should be reviewed to export the Trigger List Items. The procedure and obligations in aspects of internationally controlled items should also be reviewed. Moreover, active support from enterprises for GTGA procedures should also be included, since the Government to Government Assurance (GTGA) procedure is additionally required for the export of Trigger List Items, in contrast to other strategic items. Additionally, for materials categorized within Trigger List Items, such as deuterium and heavy water, should be controlled based on their end-use and cumulative quantity, which Government cannot effectively manage without enterprise supports. Therefore, enterprises must establish an internal material management system based on the end-use and cumulative quantity of these materials under ICP.

Strategic item export control aims to maintain international peace and safety and serves as a significant nuclear non-proliferation regime that directly impacts a nation’s security. Therefore, establishing an autonomous export control system at the state level is crucial, and one of the most efficient methods to achieve this is by enhancing an export company’s management system. Accordingly, many advanced countries, such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, have operated their own internal compliance programs (CP or ICP) to manage and screen the export of strategic items as a corporate social responsibility and risk mitigation measure. In Korea, which has a high dependence on trade, the need for CP was continuously confirmed, but the system was introduced in 2004, relatively late compared to other advanced countries. So far, the Korean government has made steady efforts to develop and establish the system and is actively encouraging businesses to obtain Compliance Program certification to autonomously manage strategic items. Major technologically advanced countries utilize technology transfer as a tool for economic sanctions, trade security, and strategic technology management, and they continue to strengthen their control regimes. In these countries, CP certification is considered a standard practice for export control among mid-sized and large enterprises. It serves as a vital risk management system that protects companies from unforeseen incidents. However, in Korea, the application of CP under the Foreign Trade Act is limited to dual-use items and does not extend to the nuclear export control system. Therefore, this paper analyzes international cases and CP requirements in countries like the United States, Japan, Europe, and Singapore. As a result of the review, the application of CP into Korea’s nuclear export control could be a coexistence means that can strengthen supply chain control as well as provide benefits not to impede technical research, international trade, and exchanges.

Regulators conduct inspections and issue non-compliance notice, and it is necessary to examine whether this is equivalent a corrective order. A corrective order imposes binding obligations on a business, and violations of it can result in sanctions such as fines, license revocation, or suspension. Therefore, if it is a corrective order, it must go through procedures such as prior notification under the Administrative Procedure Act. However, so far, no such procedures have been followed when issuing non-compliance notice. There are three possible interpretations of it: 1) the issuance of a non-compliance notice is not a corrective order but a part of an inspection, 2) the issuance of a non-compliance notice is a corrective order but not a disposition, and 3) the process of hearing opinions and prior notification was carried out during the inspection. However, if it is a part of an inspection, it should be issued by KINAC or KINS, which is entrusted with the inspection, but it is issued by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, and it is a disposition because it makes specific demands, and the corrective orders themselves have not gone through the procedure of hearing opinions. Therefore, in order for a non-compliance notice to be enforceable unlike a recommendation and to be issued by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission instead of the inspection agency, the law should be amended and the procedure of prior notice and hearing opinions required by the Administrative Procedure Act should be carried out at the issuance stage.

이 연구는 준수사항 위반행동을 종속변수로 하여 종단적 관점에서 잠재성장모형을 활용하여 각 이론에 기반에 주요 요인들이 종속변수에 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 확인 하고자 하였다. 독립변수는 각각 인구사회학적 변수, 억제이론, 사회유대이론, 사회재 통합이론, 심리적 관점을 기반으로 추출하였다. 연구분석을 위하여 각 변수들에 대한 기술통계분석과 상관관계분석을 선결적으로 진행하였으며, 최종적으로 잠재성장모형 을 활용하였다. 잠재성장모형분석은 총 3단계로 구성되며, 1단계에서는 종속변수의 평균적 발달궤적을 분석하고, 2단계에서 시간적으로 고정된 독립변수를 투입하는 방 식으로 분석하였다. 3단계는 이 연구의 최종모형으로 시간 가변적 변수를 투입하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 시간 고정적 변수 중 전자장치부착기간은 준수사항 위반행동의 발달궤적 초기치에 정(+)의 관계가 있었으며, 총 전과 횟수는 초기치와 변화율, 2차항 모두에서 유의미한 영향을 보였다. 시간 가변적 변수 중에는 부모관계, 생계안정성, 담당관의 지도･감독 횟수가 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 연구는 종속변수의 평균적 궤적을 분석대상으로 하였다는 점에 한계가 있으나 그럼에도 불구하고 성폭력범죄 전자감독대상자의 준수사항 위반행동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 종단적 시각에서 검증하고자 하였다는 점, 전자장치부착기간동안 변하는 시간 가변적 변수를 주요 변수로 활용하였다는 점에 그 의의가 있다.

The costs associated with law enforcement have seen a sharp increase, driven by rising personnel costs and the growing demand for policing services (Gascón, 2010; Urban Institute, 2020). Considerable discussion has arisen about how science can potentially help law enforcement “do more with less”, and some scholars have suggested introducing new crime control technologies to address this problem (e.g., Roach, 2022; Weisburd & Neyroud, 2011). With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, police departments around the world had additional demand, as they were made responsible for overseeing and ensuring compliance with COVID protocols. As a response, some countries (e.g., Singapore and China; Barrett, 2021) resorted to employing service robots either alongside or in place of police officers to assist with COVID-related compliance tasks.

The types of waste generated in radiation controlled areas of nuclear facilities are very diverse. Among them, the waste containing hazardous materials such as electrical equipment and fire safety equipment that do not directly handle radioactive materials is also primarily classified as radioactive waste because it was used and stored in the radiation controlled area. Such wastes include periodic consumables such as fluorescent lamps, fire extinguishers, batteries, and gas containers after use. The waste is ambiguous and cannot be easily treated as radioactive waste or waste subject to clearance, and has been stored in a radiation controlled area for a long time, and the amount is continuously increasing. The storage space is saturated and has difficulty in management. IAEA ISO-7503-2016 clearly states that surface contamination measurement can be applied to surface contamination substrates (impermeable, non-activated) instead of volume contamination measurement. In order to solve these concerns, some facilities within the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute were selected to explore self-disposal methods based on surface contamination in consideration of the characteristics of waste and facility contamination. The surface contamination degree and qualitative gamma spectroscopic analysis were carried out by the method. First, we examined the characteristics of the facility, the history of the air pollution level of the usage/storage space, and periodic inspection records. Second, we measured the physical properties (area/weight) of the waste in the same treatment way as the existing waste. Third, gamma dose rate and surface contamination (direct/indirect method) are measured for the entire area to confirm contamination is possible. It was confirmed that the concentration standard was satisfied. In order to clarify the presence of contamination, a qualitative method of gamma nuclide analysis was also performed. All surveys/measurements of 4 types of waste at 7 facilities were performed and it was confirmed that all waste satisfies the permissible concentration standard for clearance which conservatively set at 0.1 Bq/g as the permissible concentration standard. In the future, We hope that you will use this as a reference to search for easier disposal methods for regulatory bodies and specified waste disposal methods, and contribute to reducing the amount of radioactive waste generated.

Domestic NPPs had produced the paraffin-solidifying concentrate waste (PSCW) for nearly 20 years. At that time radioactive waste management policy of KHNP was to reduce the volume and to store safely in site. The PSCW has been identified not to meet the leaching index after introducing the treatment system. PSCW has to be treated to meet current waste acceptance criteria (WAC) for permanent disposal. PSCW consists of dried concentrate 75% and paraffin 25% of volume. When PSCW is separated into a dried concentrate and a paraffin by solubility, total volume separated is increased twice. Final disposal volume of dried concentrate can reach to several times when solidifying by cement even considering exemption. Application of polymer solidification technology is difficult because dried concentrate is hard to make form to pellet. When PSCW is packaged in High Integrity Container (HIC), volume of PSCW is equal to the volume before package. The packaging process of HIC is simple and is no necessary of large equipment. It is important to recognize that HIC was developed to replace solidification of waste. HIC has as design goal a minimum lifetime of 300 years under disposal environment. The HIC is designed to maintain its structural integrity over this period, to consider the corrosive and chemical effects of both the waste contents and the disposal environment, to have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand loads on the container and to be capable of meeting the requirements for a Type A transport Package. The Final waste form is required for facilitating handling and providing protection of personnel in relation to solidification, explosive decomposition, toxic gases, hazardous material, etc. Structural stability of final waste form is required also. Structural stability of the waste can be provided by the waste itself, solidifying or placing in HIC. Final waste form ensure that the waste does not structurally degrade and affect overall stability of the disposal site. The HIC package contained PSCW was reviewed from several points of view such as physicochemical, radiological and structural safety according to domestic WAC. The result of reviewing shows that it has not found any violation of WCP established for silo type disposal facility in Gyeongju city.

The Internal Compliance Program (ICP) is a framework for promoting compliance with laws and regulations and minimizing violations. It aims to prevent law breaches, by raising awareness of the compliance within the organization, which leads to enhance the credibility of the organization, and to prepare for audits. From the perspective of nuclear export control, ICP can be used to verify the company’s credibility by following NSG Guidelines and is expected to contribute to preventing the vertical and horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons in the international community. However, ICP system is not globally established, and the NSG does not provide official guidelines for ICP. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the “Good Practices for Internal Compliance Programs for Nuclear and Nuclear-Related Exports” provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to find ways to apply and activate ICPs for domestic exporters. The form of ICP could vary depending on company’s size and internal environments, but it should be organized as follows. First, an internal department should be established so as to implement the ICP, and an executive who has export control knowledge should be assigned as the Chief Export Control Officer (CECO). The CECO, establish and revise ICP operating procedures and manual, organize contact point to communicate internally and externally. Second, measures should be established minimize risks in the export process, including business development transaction screening, supply chain, research and development, human resource, and intangible technology transfer risks. Third, internal control system should be established for export control compliance. The CECO should conduct regular assessments to ensure compliance and strengthen the organization’s internal export compliance processes. Fourth, an export-related training program should be periodically conducted for employees. In addition, as soon as the CECO becomes aware of, CECO should review the matter, take corrective action, and report to the relevant national authorities, when a violation of domestic export control laws or suspicious circumstances are captured. Nuclear export control plays an important role in ensuring nuclear nonproliferation. Republic of Korea has been implementing the ICP system for Dual-Use Items under the Foreign Trade Act, but not for Trigger List Items. Therefore, introduction of ICP for Trigger List Items is expected significantly contribute to nuclear nonproliferation. The subjects of ICP will be initially targeted to major nuclear enterprises, then gradually expanded to all nuclear enterprises. Further researches are needed to introduce on ICP for Trigger List Items.

This study investigated the hazard factors based on imported food non-compliance and global food hazard information for the last 4 years to suggest imported food safety management. Food safety management on utensils or packaging containers is appropriately managed for the compounds derived from them. Food safety management on health-functional foods, processed foods, and agricultural products is concentrated on ingredient contents, food additives, and pesticide residuals. Additional hazards are illegal compounds, mycotoxins & pesticide residuals, hygieneindicator microorganisms and food-borne pathogens in health-functional foods, processed foods, and agricultural products, respectively. The continuous increase in hazards related to safety and hygiene in global food hazard information needs additional attention. To reduce the hazard factors, this study proposes that imported food be limited to products certified by HACCP or an equivalent food safety management system because registering foreign food facilities for processed and health-functional foods is mandatory. Additionally, the customs clearance inspections should focus on the hazard factors derived from the global food hazard information system. This study suggests a global food hazard information system that could derive frequently issued hazard factors at a given period and newly issued hazard factors in aspects, such as food items, subcategories, and exporting countries.

본 연구는 간호대학생의 표준주의 지식과 표준주의 수행과의 관계에서 주관적 규범의 매개효과 를 규명하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구의 대상자는 J도에 소재한 3개 대학교의 임상실습을 완료한 4학년 간호 학과 재학생 195명이다. 수집된 자료로 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation 및 multiple regression을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 주관적 규범은 표준주의 지식과 표준주의 수행 사이에서 부분매개효과를 나타냈고, 표준주의 수행을 설명하는 설명력(R²)은 35%이었다. 따라서 간호대 학생의 표준주의 수행을 촉진하기 위해서는 표준주의 지식 함양 및 이를 통해 주관적 규범을 유도할 수 있 는 효과적 전략 마련이 필요하다.

본 연구는 중년여성의 건강행위이행에 미치는 영향 요인을 규명하여 건강행위이행을 증진시키 고 간호중재 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구 대상자는 D광역시, B광역시에 거주 하고 있는 50~59세 중년 여성을 대상으로, 2022년 1월 17일~3월 28일까지 총 10주간 동안 162부의 자료 를 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 건강행위이행에 미치는 영향 요인은 경제상태(중)가 가장 높은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고 그다음 경제상태(하), 자기효능감, 지각된 건강상태, 결혼상태(기혼), 정기적인 건강 검진(한다) 순으로 나타났으며, 전체 설명력은 43.7%로 나타났다. 따라서 중년여성의 건강행위이행을 높이 기 위해서는 정기적으로 실시하고 있는 건강검진을 받도록 홍보를 하고, 경제적 지원과 함께 자기효능감을 높이고 지각된 건강상태를 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발과 방안 모색이 필요하다.

게임 아이템 불법 매매 및 음란사이트 이용 등의 사이버 이용에 대한 처벌이 강화되 고 있는데 반해, 청소년의 무분별한 이용은 여전히 증가하고 있다. 특히 보호관찰대상 청소년의 이와 같은 사이버 일탈의 비행문제에 대한 실증연구를 통해 보호관찰대상 청소년의 비행 및 문제 행동의 예방책을 강구하고자 이 연구에서는 보호관찰 대상 청 소년의 사이버 일탈에 대한 영향요인을 법준수 인식과 자기통제력의 요인을 검증하고 자 하였다. 이를 위하여 2018년 한국형사법무정책연구원의 『소년원생의 안정적 사회 정착을 위한 실태조사 및 정책지원 방안 연구』의 패널데이터 1차 자료를 활용하였다. 총 463개의 자료를 중심으로 하되, 주요변수의 무응답 또는 결측값이 높은 변수들을 제외하고 총 459명의 자료를 활용하여 최종분석에 활용하였다. SPSS 28.0ver 통계프 로그램을 활용하여 주요변수들의 빈도분석, 교차분석, 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였고, 최 종분석으로 보호관찰 대상 청소년의 사이버 일탈에 대한 영향요인 검증을 위한 로지 스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 자기통제력은 사이버 일탈의 영향요인으로 나타나지 않았으나, 법준수 인식이 사이버 일탈에 유의미한 영향관계로 나타났다. 법준 수 인식이 높을수록 유의미하게 사이버 일탈을 하지 않는 것으로 나타나, 게임 아이템 불법 거래와 음란사이트 이용 등이 법에 저촉될 수 있는 행위임을 강조한 법준수 인식 교육이 보호관찰 대상 청소년에게 강화될 필요가 있다.

본 연구는 요양병원에서 근무하는 간호사를 대상으로 표준주의지침 수행도에 미치는 영향 요인을 파악하기 위해 실시되었다. 분석결과 표준주의지침 인식 8.50, 건강신념 3.76점(하위영역- 지각 된 민감성 4.03점, 지각된 심각성 4.04점, 지각된 유익성 3.91점, 지각된 장애성 3.54점, 행동계기 2.92 점), 표준주의지침 수행도 37.90점이었다. 표준주의지침 수행도는 표준주의지침 인식(r=0.419, p<.001), 건강신념(r=0.443, p<.001), 건강신념 하위영역인 지각된 민감성(r=0.169, p=.044), 지각된 유익성 (r=0.207, p=.013), 지각된 장애성(r=0.486, p<.001), 행동계기(r=0.204, p=.014)와 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 표준주의지침 수행도에 미치는 영향요인은 지각된 장애성(β=0.373, p<.001), 행동계기(β=0.271, p<.001), 표준주의지침 인식(β=0.245, p=.004) 이었고 설명력은 32.5%이었다.

The study was conducted to investigate how changes in the internal compliance and stiffness of the blood vessels affect the changes in blood pressure and systolic peak time using the RLC Windkessel Model, a secondary blood vessel model of the brachial artery. For this purpose, each component coefficient for blood pressure waveforms of people before and after surgery and before and after drug treatment was estimated. And the expression time of systolic peak time was measured when the elastic value that can affect the change of the waveform of blood pressure change was changed, and the relationship between elasticity and systolic peak time was derived by regression method. It was confirmed that elasticity was affected by the peak time of systolic period, but it did not affect the size of blood pressure. The study was conducted to determine how inertance affects blood pressure, and blood pressure pulse wave was measured before and after heart transplant, and blood pressure pulse wave was measured before and after medication. R, L, and C components of Windkessel models were estimated in blood pressure waveforms. The factors that affect the increase of blood pressure and the decrease of systolic peak time were due to the increase of L component in the RLC component.

본 연구는 코로나19 유행 시기 간호대학생의 코로나19에 대한 불안, 위험인식, 정보이해력, 감염예방행위 이행 수준을 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구는 서술적 조사연구로 2020년 6월 8일부터 6월 14일까지 간호대학생 224명을 대상으로 온라인을 통해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 26.0을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, 상관관계 분석을 하였다. 간호대학생의 불안정도는 6.86점(최대10점)으로 보통 수준이었으며, 위험인식은 8.19점(최대10점), 정보이해력은 3.50점(최대4점), 감염예방행위 수행정도는 4.44점(최대5점)으로 높은 수준이었다. 감염예방행위는 불안정도, 위험인식, 정보이해력이 높을수록 수행정도가 높았다. 코로나19와 같은 신종감염병이 유행할 때는 감염에 대한 불안감과 위험인식이 증가할 수 있으므로 감염병에 대한 충분한 정보제공으로 감염병에 대한 정확한 이해가 필요하다. 신종 감염병에 대한 정확한 이해는 철저한 감염예방행위를 향상 시키므로 감염병 전파 위험을 감소시킬 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 IMO 선박평형수관리협약과 관련하여 선박평형수처리시스템(BWMS) 산업에 대한 한국의 산업경쟁력 현황과 향후 발전방향을 제언하기 위하여, BWMS 관련 무역데이터를 기반으로 현시비교우위지수와 무역특화지수로 비교·분석하였다. 친환경선박에 대한 국제적 관심이 확대됨에 따라 IMO는 선박기인 오염물질 해양배출과 관련된 논의 및 협정 체결이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 동 협약의 이행국가들은 BWMS 산업이 높은 시장진입 장벽과 선도 시장진입자의 시장점유율 확대를 위해 경쟁하고 있으며 BWMS는 친환경선박 분야의 주요산업으로서 각 국가는 기술개발 및 산업경쟁력확보를 위해 노력하고 있다. 한국은 2019년 10월 기준(BWM.2/Circ.34/Rev.8) 최종 승인 받은 BWMS 전체 45개 중 17개(약 38 %)를 차지하고 있다. 동 산업의 시장점유 현황을 파악하기 위하여 상품코드 HS842219, HS84212, HS89가 부여된 무역데이터를 기반으로 현시비교우위지수와 무역특화지수를 산출 및 비교한 결과, 한국은 전 세계 대상으로 BWMS 시장 점유가 비교우위이나 독일, 덴마크 등의 국가에 비해서는 상대적 열위인 것으로 분석되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 다수의 IMO 승인기술 건 수, 국내 승인기관 보유 등의 산업생태계가 조성되어 있어 향후 BWMS 시장 경쟁력이 강화될 가능성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다.