PURPOSES : Construction cost estimates are important information for business feasibility analysis in the planning stage of road construction projects. The quality of current construction cost estimates are highly dependent on the expert's personal experience and skills to estimate the arithmetic average construction cost based on past cases, which makes construction cost estimates subjective and unreliable. An objective approach in construction cost estimation shall be developed with the use of machine learning. In this study, past cases of road projects were analyzed and a machine learning model was developed to produce a more accurate and time-efficient construction cost estimate in teh planning stage. METHODS : After conducting case analysis of 100 road construction, a database was constructed including the road construction's details, drawings, and completion reports. To improve the construction cost estimation, Mallow's Cp. BIC, Adjusted R methodology was applied to find the optimal variables. Consequently, a plannigs-stage road construction cost estimation model was developed by applying multiple regression analysis, regression tree, case-based inference model, and artificial neural network (ANN, DNN). RESULTS : The construction cost estimation model showed excellent prediction performance despite an insufficient amount of learning data. Ten cases were randomly selected from the data base and each developed machine learning model was applied to the selected cases to calculate for the error rate, which should be less than 30% to be considered as acceptable according to American Estimating Association. As a result of the analysis, the error rates of all developed machine learning models were found to be acceptable with values rangine from 17.3% to 26.0%. Among the developed models, the ANN model yielded the least error rate. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can help raise awareness of the importance of building a systematic database in the construction industry, which is disadvantageous in machine learning and artificial intelligence development. In addition, it is believed that it can provide basic data for research to determine the feasibility of construction projects that require a large budget, such as road projects.

Recently, automobile manufacturing companies, which are major customers of them, are requiring IATF 16949 (ISO/TS 16949) certification as a mandatory requirement to secure product quality. In particular, IATF 16949 : 2016, revised in October 2016, was reinforced product traceability requirements for production information management by lot in the production process. Therefore, small and medium-sized precision parts processing companies in the automobile industry are very difficult to survive due to quality and price competition for customers satisfaction. MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is required to solve this problem. However, small and medium sized precision parts processing enterprises are reluctant to introduce the MES which is not suitable for the manufacturing environment of them such as high cost and low utilization. Even if the system is introduced, it is difficult to operate and maintain the system because the lack of computer manpower. In this paper, we propose a method for building a lot tracking system for small and medium precision parts processing companies by reviewing relevant literature and analyzing cases. In addition, by managing the production history for each lot of the final product in the system, we will grasp the effect of reducing the quality failure cost obtained by minimizing the range of defect selection.

Recently in Construction field, It has been the big issues to produce an Eco-friendly Construction material and to solve problems about the First grade–Aggregates’ supply&demand. While the Eco-friendly Construction materials which are refurbished and reproduced from construction wastes and industrial by-products have a great deal of effectiveness such as cost or CO2 emission reduction, there is an additional logistical cost due to go through with some processes for recycle such as Intermediary treatments or management and collection of materials. Furthermore, Demand of the First grade-Aggregates is rising and spreading all over the nation for the improvement of Road driving performance, But there is also an additional logistical cost for supply&demand due to the cost of transport growth by sites of construction. In this study, the process and methodology of the new material supply and demand route routings using the Arc Gis Program and the calculation of the available distance through economic analysis are presented. After examining the cost status of construction materials and logistics costs by examining the literature review and related industry, economic feasibility was obtained by comparing the price of general construction materials with the total cost of comparable materials and logistics costs. After an economic analysis, ArcGis3.0 was used to visualize the materials’ supply&demand route and As a result, We can observe the economically secured route from the construction materials’ production plant to where the domestic transportable route and nodes mapped. Throughout the study, the pre-groundwork for an efficient use of the construction materials is able to be prepared and It will be helpful to invigorate supply&demand. In addition to the economic analysis in the future, If the real-time traffic information (traffic volume, speed, environment, etc.) and the performance (structure, functionality, etc.) of each construction materials are reflected, It will be possible to build a decision system for selecting construction materials which meet consumers’ various needs.

The main goal of the Green Building Council is to create a prosperous and sustainable future through cost control and energy saving. Some positive measures have been adopted by the Green Building Council to take the construction industry in order to promote sustainable cost control of the construction of a number of architectural practices. In order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in the future, sustainable development in the system of education in the construction of large-scale implementation. Green buildings are designed to reduce operating costs to reduce energy consumption, but some of the artical on green buildings consume more energy than non green buildings. In this paper, the construction cost and the construction period of the data is from the specific area of the 30 green building and 30 non green education construction. Statistical tests are used to determine whether there is a clear difference between the construction cost and the construction period. Test results show that the cost and duration of the green building are significantly higher than those of the non green building. The findings are helpful to further research on the life cycle of the building.

This study is intended to evaluate a risk of overseas construction companies. To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to overseas construction site experts. The results were as follows. The relative importance of parent factors showed that‘social culture’(0.157) was the highest, followed by ‘institutional regulation’(0.150),‘environment’(0.145),‘productivity’ (0.142),‘economic finance’(0.137),‘market condition’(0.136) and‘political policy’(0.133). As for the above-mentioned findings, the most important risk factor in overseas construction was social culture of entry countries, followed by construction-related legal system. All construction companies, contractors and design companies said that social culture was the most important parent factor, varying from construction industry. And they said that workforce availability was also the most important in the importance of sub-factors, followed by conflict due to the differences in lifestyle. Consequently, it is important to manage risk for socio-cultural factors in overseas construction, risk for double workforce, and risk for the differences in thinking or lifestyle by the participation of multinational workforce.

감정평가 방식은 크게 3가지로 구분된다. 원가법 및 적산법 등 비용성의 원리에 기초한 감 정평가 방식인 원가방식, 거래사례비교법, 임대사례비교법 등 시장성의 원리에 기초한 감 정평가방식인 비교방식과 수익환원법 및 수익분석법 등 수익성의 원리에 기초한 감정평가 방식인 수익방식이다 이러한 건물의 현존가치 평가는 소송에 의한 경우 법원으로부터 감정인으로 지정된 법원감 정인들에 의해서 수행되고 있다. 감정평가사들에 의해 행해지는 대출 등의 소송 외적인 목 적으로 건물의 현존가치를 평가(이하 ‘사감정’이라 한다) 하는 경우에는 많은 연구와 세부적 인 평가기준이 있다. 그러나 법원감정에서는(유익비 등을 산정하기 위한 건물의 현존가치를 평가하는 경우 등) 평가 대상과 목적에 맞는 합리적인 방법이나 기준이 없어서 사감정의 관 련규정을 준용하거나, 감정인의 주관적인 판단에 의해서 감정평가가 진행되고 있다. 그로 인하여 건물의 현존가치 평가 결과는 평가하는 감정인에 따라서 많은 차이가 나고 있다. 이 와 같이 감정에 대한 객관적인 기준이 없이 감정인 마다 각자의 기준으로 현존가치를 산정 함으로써 감정의 신뢰성 및 효율성이 떨어지게 되고 이를 증거로 채택하게 되는 재판의 결 과에 대하여 당사자의 입장에 따라서는 감정의 결과를 불신하게 되어 재 감정을 요구하거나 감정평가자를 상대로 손해배상을 청구하는 등 강한 불만을 갖는 경우가 많다. 건물의 가치평가 중에서도 소송에 관련된 특수성이 있는 유익비 등을 산정하기 위한 평가 에서도 감정기준이나 방법에 대한 연구가 부족하여 감정인에 따라서 다양한 평가방법으로 건물의 현존가치를 평가하고 있다. 건물의 가치를 평가하는 방법 중에서 복성식평가법을 적용하는 경우에는 건물의 내용연수에 따른 감가수정을 통하여 건물의 가치를 평가하게 된 다. 이러한 경우에 합리적인 건물의 내용연수의 산정이 가치평가에 중요한 요소가 된다. 특 히 법원 감정의 경우에는 건물 전체의 내용연수도 중요하지만, 각 공종별 내용연수 및 잔 존내용연수를 산정하는 방법 및 기준이 필요하다. 이러한 법원감정의 현실을 반영한 각 공종별 내용연수 및 실용내용연수 산정 방법에 대한 기준 등에 많은 문제점을 파악하고, 실무에 활용할 수 있는 각 공종별 내용연수 및 실용내 용연수 산정 방법에 대한 기준을 제시하였다

In rapidly changing circumstances, the construction industry shows tendency to be more complicated and expanded and these changes are becoming the main factors aggravating uncertainty in straightening construction costs in the industry. The most important process in preliminary phase is calculation of appropriate construction sum and accurate estimation is required to accomplish it. Currently, local constructors draw up estimates by using the ‘per square meter’ calculation method or by applying of previous cases as they are. These methods become suppressive cause for making clear decisions by occurring errors in quantity survey in a way of data emission, replication and so on. Therefore, in this study, approximate estimation model of finishing construction shall be proposed to assist people to make prompt decisions in initial design stage. To develop this research, the existing quoting practices shall be presented and categorized by usage of space. To achieve this, information on performance, furnishings and unit price according to space definition has been collected in advance, which again enable ontology knowledge classification scheming database of space unit to be utilized and presented as knowledge information.

Recent projects for transferring Public Office buildings and estimation of appropriate construction expense are highly important for both government and construction firms. Moreover, estimation and management of construction expense can be regarded as extremely important duties for effective execution of a national budget as nation’s finance is invested in the Public office building projects progressed by the government. To progress one project for Public office building, not only the organization demanding the project but also an investment screening organization, a budget-managing organization, a feasibility assessment institution and many other related organizations participate in the project and a lot of decisions arisen from the project operation are made on the basis of construction expenses calculated for relevant stages. And estimation of rational construction expense is also critical for designers in order to create design within the fixed budget simultaneously with securing the quality and efficiency of structures to the maximum. Therefore this research suggested an improvement process to analyze problems in current construction expense management process and to administer the construction expenses effectively.

몽골은 석탄 매장량이 매우 풍부하고 석유연료를 전적으로 수입에 의존하기 때문에, 석탄액화플랜트 건설에 필요한 충분한 여건을 갖추고 있다. 본 연구에서는 몽골에 하루 10,000배럴의 석유연료를 생산할 수 있는 석탄액화플랜트를 건설할 경우에 대한 경제성분석을 수행한다. 먼저 기존에 있는 산업계의 석탄액화플랜트 프로젝트 데이터와 학계의 연구결과를 토대로 몽골 석탄액화플랜트 건설에 필요한 비용과 기대수명, 그리고 예상 수명기간 동안 운영했을 때 발생하는 운영

The first full-scale u-City operation has started in Dongtan u-City. As local cities take over and operate the u-City, unexpected issues arise such as securing the budget of operating costs and self-providing the costs with business models utilizing the u

A prediction of construction cost in preparation for construction document is calculated in compliance with the unit cost in Public construction of korea. This eventually means that the reasonable construction cost of a building can't be determined before construction document phase cost of construction is settled and that the cost of construction is calculated inefficiently because of connection failing between cost management of detailed estimation and information. To improve those problems, therefore, Cost estimating model of structural building elements with approximate quantity survey method is suggested in this research. The model predict the amount of materials and the cost of construction on the basis of historical similar cases. In the direction of data analysis of this research, ratio statistics value is put to practical use to fit into the peculiarities of approximate estimate of each work trade on the basis of actual data amount of materials of historical cases. In addition, the construction phase is connected through the result of a approximate estimate sorted by elements, details work trade.

실적공사비 적산방식은 품셈견적, 실측견적, 단가견적, 및 총액견적 등 매우 다양하다. 표준품셈은 공공기관 및 민간기관의 공사비 책정기준이 되는 자료이다. 본 논문에서는 도로공사에 이용되는 기존 품셈견적의 문제점을 개선하기 위해 현장조사를 실시하고 분석하였으며 그 결과로 각 공종에 대한 실측견적 방법을 통계적 방법을 통해 제시하였다. 또한, 기존 품셈과 실측품셈을 공사단위의 비교를 통해 제안된 품셈이 보다 간단한 견적 작성을 가능하게 하고 보다 현실적인 공사금액을 산출함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 보조기층의 Case-Study를 통하여 각 방식별 장단점을 가시적으로 비교해 보았다. 실측품셈으로 적용하였을 경우, 계산과정은 기존품셈의 50%로 축소되었으며 1일 1장비 사용으로 기존의 1일미만 장비 사용에 대한 편차가 보완되었다. 또한 품셈만을 이용하여 공정의 시공내용을 짐작하고 이를 바탕으로 공정계획이나 인력투입계획 등을 수립할 수 있었다.

Introduction of construction cost estimating system is necessary to promote appropriate reflection of construction cost and simplified and efficient amount work. The results of this study are as follows. In the results of considering the basic concept and composition of a construction type estimating system, an example orders are concentrated on an apartment house in the country. The building appurtenant work of extension work is high(1.52) as compared with others. In regression analysis for a construction cost, the models are as follows. In a new construction work, (construction cost)=(building area), and in extension work, (construction cost)=(building area). Accordingly, this study wishes to compare and analyzes main contents of original cost method and results cost method, and propose predetermined amount estimation device through existent literature study investigation for accumulation of the construction cost.

대공간 구조물은 힘의 흐름을 자연스럽게 하고, 휨모멘트의 영향을 가능한 저감 시켜 면내력만으로 외부하중에 저항하는 역학 개념을 기초로, 구조 시스템의 효율성을 극대화시키는 형태저항형 구조이다. 구조물의 경제성 분석은 그 프로젝트의 실행을 결정할 수 있는 중요한 요소이다. 대공간 건설에는 일반 건물에 비해 많은 기술적 고려가 요구된다. 프로젝트의 성공적인 수행을 위해 타당성 검토 단계에서 구조물의 전 생애의 필수적인 요소에 대한 분석이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 기존 대공간 구조물의 사례를 조사하며, 이를 통해 자료를 수집하고 공사비를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 대공간 구조의 데이터 베이스 구축을 위한 기본적인 데이터 제공을 목적으로 한다.

구조물의 경제성 분석은 그 프로젝트의 실행을 결정할 수 있는 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 건설된 철골 트러스 스타디움 구조물의 건설비용 분석을 통하여 대공간구조물의 공사비 비용구조를 분석하였다.

구조물의 경제성 분석은 그 프로젝트의 실행을 결정할 수 있는 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 대공간구조물의 경제성 분석을 위하여 기존에 건설된 대공간 구조물(제주 월드컵 경기장)의 건설비용을 분석하여 경제성 분석 모델의 구축을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

This study delivers the actual condition of investment for industrial accident prevention based on survey of 526 construction sites. The various research techniques were used such as technical statistic analysis for construction industry, construction and civil engineering works, cost comparison of industrial accident prevention and accident loss. A formula was deduced to calculate accident loss and accident frequency by accident prevention cost through regression analysis.

This study delivers the actual condition of investment for industrial accident prevention based on survey of 526 construction sites. The various research techniques were used such as technical statistic analysis for construction industry, construction and civil engineering works, cost comparison of industrial accident prevention and accident loss. A formula was deduced to calculate accident loss and accident frequency by accident prevention cost through regression analysis.

One of the characteristics of a good construction is efficiently to use material and manpower related in the construction. From the preplanning stage to the completion one, a program planner must sufficiently consider the whole field of construction in terms of cost. The estimating account books were written and left in the Construction of the Kyongwoon Palace reconstructed in the beginning of 20th century. Trough those books and other related documents, this paper has been concentrated on the estimated, executed cost of woodwork in those days.