Radioactive waste generated during nuclear power plant decommissioning is classified as radioactive waste before the concentration is identified, but more than 90% of the amount generated is at a level that can be by clearance. However, due to a problem in the analysis procedure, the analysis is not carried out at the place of on-site but is transported to an external institution to identify concentration, which implies a problem of human error because 100% manual. As a way to solve this problem, research is underway to develop a mobile radioactive waste nuclide analysis facility. The mobile radionuclide analysis facility consists of a preparation room, a sample storage room, a measurement room, a pretreatment room, and a waste storage room, and is connected to an external ventilation facility. In addition, since the automation module is built-in from the sample pre-threatening step to the separation step, safety can be improved and rapid analysis can be performed by being located in the decommissioning site. As an initial study for the introduction of a mobile nuclide analysis facility, Visiplan, a preliminary external exposure evaluation code, was used to derive the analysis workload by a single process and evaluate the exposure dose of workers. Based on this, as a follow-up study, the amount of analysis work according to the continuous process and the exposure dose of workers were evaluated. As a result of the evaluation, the Regulatory dose limit was satisfied, and in future studies, internal and external exposure doses were evaluated in consideration of the route of movement, and it is intended to be used as basic data in the field introduction process.

Carbon fibers (CFs) are considered promising composite materials for various applications. However, the high cost of CFs (as much as $26 per kg) limits their practical use in the automobile and energy industries. In this study, we developed a continuous stabilization process for manufacturing low-cost CFs. We employed a textile-grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber as a low-cost precursor and UV irradiation technique to shorten the thermal stabilization time. We confirmed that UV irradiation on the textile-grade PAN fibers could lower the initial thermal stabilization temperature and also lead to a higher reaction. These resulted in a shorter overall stabilization time and enhancement of the tensile properties of textilegrade PAN-based CFs. Our study found that only 70 min of stabilization time with UV irradiation was required to prepare textile-grade PAN-based low-cost CFs with a tensile strength of 2.37 ± 0.22GPa and tensile modulus of 249 ± 5 GPa.

This study investigated the method of continuous improvement of small-medium company production processes through POSCO's QSS(Quick Six Sigma) activities. QSS is a field operation technique that encompasses the advantages of Six Sigma, TPS(Toyota Production System), TQM (Total Quality Management), and IE(Industrial Engineering). Through this, POSCO not only encourages activities centered on related small and medium-sized partners, etc., but is also expected to contribute to the continuous improvement of the company's own production process through QSS activities. In this study, rather than unconditionally carrying out activities according to the needs of large companies, the research is to help the continuous improvement of the actual production process of small and medium-sized enterprises by effectively applying and spreading QSS activities in consideration of the characteristics and environment of the company. For this purpose, empirical research is conducted on the process improvement activities and QSS activities of company Y, which has less than 100 assembly and production quality and inspection processes among SMEs. The changes in the production process improvement of SMEs through the application of the final QSS were investigated through empirical studies.

Continuous synthesis of high-crystalline carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is achieved by reconfiguring the injection part in the reactor that is used in the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) process. The degree of gas mixing is divided into three cases by adjusting the configuration of the injection part: Case 1: most-delayed gas mixing (reference experiment), Case 2: earlier gas mixing than Case 1, Case 3: earliest gas mixing. The optimal synthesis condition is obtained using design of experiment (DOE) in the design of Case 1, and then is applied to the other cases to compare the synthesis results. In all cases, the experiments are performed by varying the timing of gas mixing while keeping the synthesis conditions constant. Production rate (Case 1: 0.63 mg/min, Case 2: 0.68 mg/min, Case 3: 1.29 mg/min) and carbon content (Case 1: 39.6 wt%, Case 2: 57.1 wt%, Case 3: 71.6 wt%) increase as the gas-mixing level increases. The amount of by-products decreases stepwise as the gas-mixing level increases. The IG/ID ratio increases by a factor of 7 from 10.3 (Case 1) to 71.7 (Case 3) as the gas-mixing level increases; a high ratio indicates high-crystalline CNTs. The radial breathing mode (RBM) peak of Raman spectrograph is the narrowest and sharpest in Case 3; this result suggests that the diameter of the synthesized CNTs is the most uniform in Case 3. This study demonstrates the importance of configuration of the injection part of the reactor for CNT synthesis using FC-CVD.

내화성 및 내화학성이 우수한 현무암사의 표면에 회분식 방법에 의한 테프론 코팅 연구의 결과를 토대로 연속식 코팅 공정 인자를 도출하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 현무암사를 7,5 wt% 트리에톡시트리플루오로실란(TMTFPS)으로 연속적으로 전처리 한 후, 침투제로 0.25 wt% bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfo succinate (DOS-Na)가 함유된 20 wt% 테프론 수분산액으로 딥 코팅한 후 2 m의 120 ℃ 건조 챔버에서 12 m/mim의 속도로 건조한 후 2 m의 380 ℃ 소성 챔버에서 40초간 소성하여 최종 3.4 gf/D의 인장 강도와 2.3 gf/D의 루프강도를 가지는 테프론이 코팅된 고내열 재봉사용 현무암사를 제조하였다.

The growing logistics strategy of a company is to optimize their vehicle route scheduling in their supply chain system. It is very important to analyze for continuous pickups and delivery vehicle scheduling. This paper is a computational study to investigate the effectiveness of continuous pickups and delivery vehicle routing problems. These scheduling problems have 3 subproblems; Inbound Vehicle Routing Problem with Makespan and Pickup, Line-haul Network Problem, and Outbound Vehicle Routing Problem with Delivery. In this paper, we propose 5 heuristic Algorithms; Selecting Routing Node, Routing Scheduling, Determining Vehicle Type with Number and Quantity, and Modification Selecting Routing Node. We apply these Algorithms to S vehicle company. The results of computational experiments demonstrate that proposed methods perform well and have better solutions than other methods considering the basic time and due-date.

High luminance LED fluorescent light is replaced by halogen light in recent light parts. The housing cover of LED fluorescent light is used many several materials. Though deformity character has less value, polycarbonate cover has cheap, high strength and it is used general purpose. This study is several purposes. 1. No entering foreign matters during continuous extrusion manufacturing process in cutting process, 2. No deformity, exact cutting of pc length and finding method of cutting manufacturing process for polycarbonate cover

In this study, the heat flow of the plant scale aluminum extrusion process was investigated to establish optimum continuous heat treatment conditions. During the extrusion of 6061 aluminum alloy, processing parameters such as the extrusion pressure, speed and temperature histories of billets were logged as a function of time. The surface temperature of the billets increased at constant ram speed, while it decreased with decreases of the ram speed. In order to maintain the billet temperature within a solutionizing temperature range prior to the succeeding water quenching step, the ram speed or the temperature of the blower should be controlled. The temperature histories of the billets during the extrusion and hot air blowing processes were successfully simulated by using the velocity boundary model in ANSYS CFX. The methodology to design an optimum process by using a commercial simulation program is described in this study on the basis of the metallurgical validation results of the microstructural observation of the extrudates. The developed model allowed the advantages of taking into account the motion of the extrudate coupled with the temperature change based on empirical data. Calculations were made for the extrudate passing through the isothermal chamber maintained at appropriate temperature. It was confirmed that the continuous heat treatment system is beneficial to the productivity enhancement of the commercial aluminum extrusion industry.

The esterification of palmitic acid in Jatropha Oil using 8wt% p-TSA catalyst was done at the 1:8 molar ratio of oil to methanol and 65℃. The conversion of palmitic acid appeared to be 95.3% in 60min. After that, the continuous transesterification of the oil using 0.5wt% KOH, 0.8wt% TMAH mixed catalyst[40vol% KOH(0.5wt%) + 60vol% TMAH(0.8wt%)] and 1.1wt% TMAH was conducted with the flow rates and the molar ratios at 65℃. The overall conversion of Jatropha Oil increased with the decrease of flow rate and showed 95.6% with 9ml/min of flow rate at the 1:8 molar ratio of oil to methanol and 65℃. But it showed 87% with 15ml/min of flow rate at the same conditions. The recovery of methanol(%) appeared to be 86% at the 1:8 molar ratio of oil to methanol, mixed catalyst and 65℃.

바이폴라막을 이 용한 전기탈이온(Continuous Electrodeionization-Bipolar Membrane(CEDI-BPM))공정 은 이온교환막의 이온 선택적 투과를 통한 제거의 효율을 높이며, 바이폴라막에서 생성된 수소이온과 수산화이온이 이온교환수지를 전기적으로 재생하여 재생효율을 높일 수 있는 장점을 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CEDI-BPM을 이용하여 경도물질을 제거하고 전기적 재생을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 이온교환수지의 흡착 특성 및 유량의 변화에 따른 경도제거효율의 영향과 전기적 재생방법을 이용한 재생효율을 조사하였다. CEDI-BPM에서 Ca의 제거율이 Mg보다 높은 값을 보여주었는데, 이는 흡착실험에서 Ca의 높은 흡착능력과 관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 유량이 증가함에 따라 Ca과 Mg의 플럭스는 증가하는 경향을 보이는데, 양이온 교환막의 선택 투과가 경도물질의 제거에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. CEDI-BPM의 전기적인 재생 실험결과 재생 전압을 낮게 유지할수록 높은 경도물질 제거효율 및 높은 플럭스를 보여 전기적 재생에 효율적으로 사용할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

The horizontal high energy rotor ball mill () is used to break and activate dry solids. It is used for dry-milling and in the vertical mount for wet-milling in leaching processes. Technical electric arc furnace (EAF) dust with high contents of zinc oxide, zinc ferrite and magnetite is efficiently separated by ambient temperature leaching. The process shows promise for industrial application

Bio-diesel as fatty acid methyl ester was derived from such oils as soybean, peanut and canola oil by lipase catalyzed continuous trans-esterification. So the activation of lipase(Novozym - 435) was kept to be up to 4:1, the limiting molar ratio of methanol to oil under one-step addition of methanol due to the miscibility of oil and methanol through the static mixer for 4hrs and the elimination of glycerol on the surface of lipase by 7wt% silica gel. Therefore the overall yield of fatty acid methyl ester from soybean oil appeared to be 98% at 50·C of reaction temperature under two-steps addition of methanol with 2×2:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio at an interval of 5.5hrs, 7wt% of lipase, 24 number of mixer elements, 0.2ml/min of flow rate and 7wt% of silica gel.

W-Cu composite has been used for the applications requiring both high strength, good thermal and electrical conductivity. A graded combination of W and Cu will reduce thermal stress concerned with heat conduction, maintaining good thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength. In the present work, an attempt was made to fabricate continuous W-Cu FGM by preparing the graded porous structure of W skeleton using spark plasma sintering (SPS) process followed by infiltrating Cu. The graded porous structure was prepared at 150 for 60s under pressure of 15MPa by SPS process using a graphite mold with varying crr)ss section in the longitudinal direction. Infiltration of Cu was performed at 115 for 1 hour under . W-Cu composite with graded Cu composition of 14 to 27 wt％ was finally prepared. In this process the gradient of composition could be conveniently controlled by varying the gradient of cross sectional area of graphite mold, temperature and pressure.

Transesterfication of vegetable oils and methanol with alkaline catalyst was carried out to produce biodiesel fuel by continuous process. The process consists of two static mixers, one tubular reactor and two coolers and gave 96~99% of methyl ester yield from soybean oil and rapeseed oil. Experimental variables were the molar ratios of methanol to vegetable oil, alkaline catalyst contents, flow rates, mixer element number. The optimum ranges of operating variables were as follows; reaction temperature of 70℃, l:6 of molar ratio of methanol to oil, O.4%(w/w) sodium hydroxide based on oil, static mixer elements number of 24 and 4 min. residence time.

The consequence analysis for the unconfined vapor cloud explosion(UVCE) accident by the continuous release of butane vapor was performed and effects of process parameters on consequences were analyzed in standard conditions. For the case of continuous release(87.8 kg/s) of butane vapor at 8 m elevated height in the debutanizing process of tile naphtha cracking plant operating at 877 kPa ＆ 346.75 K, we found that combustion ranges of dispersed vapor estimated by HMP model were 11.2~120.2 m and overpressures estimated by TNT equivalency model at 200 m were about 37.35~55.1 kPa. Also, overpressures estimated by Model UVCE I based on advective travel time to XLFL were smaller than those estimated by Model UVCE IIbased on real travel time between XUFL and XLFL. At the same time, damage intensities at 200 m and effect ranges by overpressure could be predicted. Furthermore, simulation results showed that effects of operating pressures on consequences were larger than those of operating temperatures and results of accidents were increased with increasing operating pressures. At this time, sensitivities of overpressures for UVCE accident by the continuous release were about 5 kPa/atm.

본 연구에서는 반응고 Al합금을 얻기 위해서 3상 2극의 전자교반장치를 이용하였으며, 주입온도와 주입전압을 변화시켜 Al합금의 초정입자크기, aspect ratio, 표준편차, 경도 및 공정 Si 입자의 크기 및 형상 변화를 조사하였다. 같은 주입온도에서는 주입전압이 증가함에 따라 aspect ratio, 표준편차 및 초정입자의 크기는 감소되었다. 전자교반식 수평연속주조방법에 의한 Al 합금의 최적제조 조건은 주입전압 220V, 주입온도 680˚C이었으며, 이 조건에서 초정입자의 크기는 54μm이었고, aspect ratio는 1.56이었으며 그 표준편차는 0.4이었다. 그리고 공정 Si의 크기는 0.5μm이었으며 제조된 Al합금의 경도는 72.1 Hv를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 위해 제작된 3상 2극 전자교반장치에 의해서 매우 낮은 aspect ratio 및 표준편자를 갖는 반응고 A356 Al합금을 제조할 수 있었다.