컴퓨터 단층촬영(Computed Tomography, CT)을 이용한 아스팔트 콘크리트의 성능평가는 포장 재료의 내부 구조를 정밀하게 파악할 수 있다는 점에서 최근 그 중요성이 점차 부각되고 있다. 기존의 평가방법은 주로 파괴 시험에 의존하고 있어 기반 시설의 손상을 수반 하며, 재료 내부 특성에 대한 정보 제공에도 한계가 있다. 반면, CT 스캔 기법은 공극, 골재 분포, 매스틱 피복률(mastic cover factor) 등 아스팔트 혼합물의 내구성과 성능에 핵심적인 내부 구조 특성을 비파괴적이고 고해상도로 분석할 수 있게 한다.

This study developed a calibration model using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for the rapid and non-destructive prediction of functional components—total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activities—in sweetpotato. Analysis of 473 sweetpotato genetic resources revealed significant variation and diversity in total polyphenols (4.67 to 2,419 mg/100g, CV 74.26%), total flavonoids (7.71 to 1,057.67 mg/100g, CV 122.88%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (7.83 to 532.56 mg/100g, CV 111%), and ABTS radical scavenging activity (11.84 to 615.87 mg/100g, CV 70.02%). The NIR spectra (400 to 2,500 nm), following pretreatment and modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression, were utilized to create the calibration model. Cross-validation indicated high predictive performance for total polyphenols (R2 cv 0.895), total flavonoids (0.940), DPPH (0.955), and ABTS (0.940). External validation yielded R2 ev values ranging from 0.623 to 0.726 and RPD values between 1.58 and 2.13, confirming the model's practical applicability for large-scale screening and classification. However, further enhancements are needed to improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis. Future studies should focus on refining the predictive model by incorporating samples from diverse genetic resources and cultivation environments. This research demonstrates that NIR spectroscopy can be effectively employed for the rapid, non-destructive evaluation of sweetpotato functional quality, facilitating the efficient selection of high-value cultivars.

본 연구는 작물 생육을 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 비파괴적 바이오매스 예측 모델을 개발하고자 수행되었 다. 케일과 상추의 상단면 및 측면 이미지를 촬영하여 ImageJ로 엽면적, 가로폭, 세로폭 등의 데이터를 추출하였다. 이를 독립변수, 실측 생체중과 건물중을 종속변수로 하여 회귀 모델을 구축하고, 결정계수(R²)와 평균 제곱근 오차 (RMSE)로 성능을 평가하였다. 엽면적 추정 시, 로제트형 구조의 상추는 상단면과 측면 이미지 모두에서 강한 상관 관계(TV: R2 = 0.964, SV: R2 = 0.95)를 보였던 반면, 직립형 구조의 케일은 측면 이미지에서만 높은 상관관계(R2 = 0.876)를 보여 작물의 형태가 최적의 촬영 각도를 결정함을 보여주었다. 생체중 및 건물중 예측 시, 케일은 측면 이 미지 모델이 예측 정확도가 높았던(DW: R2 = 0.859－0.941, FW: R2 = 0.860－0.946) 반면, 상추는 상단면 이미지 모델이 월등히 안정적이고 높은 예측 정확도(DW: R2 = 0.920－0.968, FW: R2 = 0.870－0.953)를 보였다. 상단면 과 측면 이미지를 결합한 모델은 예측력이 약했던 케일의 정확도를 크게 향상시킨 반면, 단일 촬영 방향으로도 예측 이 잘 되었던 상추의 정확도에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 최종적으로 케일은 상·측면 결합(SV+TV) 모델이, 상 추는 상면(TV) 단독 모델이 바이오매스 예측을 위한 최적 모델로 선정되어, 작물의 구조적 특성에 맞는 비파괴적 예측 방법이 중요함을 입증했다.

배추(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)는 한국에서 가장 많이 소비되는 채소 작물로, 건강한 묘 생산은 정 식 후 안정적인 생육을 보장하기 위해 필수적이다. 이에 따라 신속하고 객관적이며 비파괴적인 평가 기술의 필요성 이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 영상 분석을 활용하여 배추 묘의 생장을 평가하고, 영상 기반 등급에 따른 정식 후 초기 생장 차이를 규명하고자 하였다. 청명가을 품종의 배추를 72, 105, 128, 162, 200구 플러그 트레이에서 파종 후 25 일간 육묘한 뒤 포트에 정식하였으며, 정식 전 촬영한 영상을 통해 투영 캐노피 크기(PCS)를 계산하였다. PCS는 엽 면적과 지상부 생체중을 높은 정확도로 예측하였고, 이를 바탕으로 묘를 A–C의 세 등급으로 분류하였다. 정식 후 초기에는 모종의 생장 차이가 그대로 반영되었으나, 정식 후 49일에는 A와 B등급 묘 간의 생장 차이는 사라졌고, C등급 묘는 지속적으로 생장이 지연되는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 PCS가 묘의 생육을 비파괴적으로 추정할 수 있음을 보여주며, PCS 기반의 기준을 설정하여 정식에 적합한 고품질 배추 묘를 선별하는 데 영상 분석이 효과 적으로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Detection and sizing of defects are very important for structure life management base on fracture mechanics. The non-destructive inspection techniques based on the induced current field measurement are newly developed. This paper describes the results obtained by these techniques for artificial surface defects. In the case of the RICFM technique, the potential drop distribution around a surface defects was measured as a smaller potential drop than that in a place without a defect. This potential drop showed a minimum value at the defect location, and the absolute value of this minimum value increases depending on the depth of the defect. In the case of the FEF technique, the potential difference distribution for surface defects was measured as a maximum at the location of the defect. This maximum value showed a difference depending on the depth of the defect.

In this study, non-destructive technologies that can be applied to evaluate the integrity of valve materials, safety against internal pressure caused by corrosion, and the blocking function of large-diameter water valves during operation without requiring specimen collection or manpower entering the inside of the valve were tested to assess the reliability of the technologies and their suitability for field application. The results showed that the condition of the graphite structure inside the valve body can be evaluated directly through the optical microscope in the field without specimen collection for large-diameter water butterfly valves, and the depth of corrosion inside the valve body can be determined by array ultrasound and the tensile strength can be measured by instrumented indentation test. The reliability of each of these non-destructive techniques is high, and they can be widely used to evaluate the condition of steel or cast iron pipes that are significantly smaller in thickness than valves. Evaluation of blocking function of the valves with mixed gas showed that it can be detected even when a very low flow rate of mixed gas passes through the disk along with the water flow. Finally, as a result of evaluating the field applicability of non-destructive technologies for three old butterfly valves installed in the US industrial water pipeline, it was found that it is possible to check the material and determine the suitability of large-diameter water valves without taking samples, and to determine the corrosion state and mechanical strength. In addition, it was possible to evaluate safety through the measurement results, and it is judged that the evaluation of the blocking function using mixed gas will help strengthen preventive response in the event of an accident.

Parrots have been threatened by global trade to meet their high demand as pets. Controlling parrot trade is essential because parrots play a vital role in the ecosystem. Accurate species identification is crucial for controlling parrot trade. Parrots have been traded as eggs due to their advantages of lower mortality rates and more accessible transport than live parrots. A molecular method is required to identify parrot eggs because it is difficult to perform identification using morphological features. In this study, DNAs were obtained from 43 unidentified parrot eggs using a non-destructive sampling method. Partial cytochrome b (CYTB ) gene was then successfully amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequences newly obtained in the present study were compared to those available in the GenBank by database searching. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify species using available sequences in GenBank along with sequences reported in previous studies. Finally, the 43 parrot eggs were successfully identified as seven species belonging to two families and seven genera. This non-destructive sampling method for obtaining DNA and molecular identification might help control the trade of parrot eggs and prevent their illegal trade.

Non-destructive estimation of leaf area is a more efficient and convenient method than leaf excision. Thus, several models predicting leaf area have been developed for various horticultural crops. However, there are limited studies on estimating the leaf area of strawberry plants. In this study, we predicted the leaf areas via nonlinear regression analysis using the leaf lengths and widths of three-compound leaves in five domestic strawberry cultivars (‘Arihyang’, ‘Jukhyang’, ‘Keumsil’, ‘Maehyang’, and ‘Seollhyang’). The coefficient of determination (R2) between the actual and estimated leaf areas varied from 0.923 to 0.973. The R2 value varied for each cultivar; thus, leaf area estimation models must be developed for each cultivar. The leaf areas of the three cultivars ‘Jukhyang’, ‘Seolhyang’, and ‘Maehyang’ could be non-destructively predicted using the model developed in this study, as they had R2 values over 0.96. The cultivars ‘Arihyang’ and ‘Geumsil’ had slightly low R2 values, 0.938 and 0.923, respectively. The leaf area estimation model for each cultivar was coded in Python and is provided in this manuscript. The estimation models developed in this study could be used extensively in other strawberry-related studies.

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periodontal disease are bone destructive diseases mainly caused by inflammation. Various studies are being conducted to develop treatments for inflammatory bone destructive diseases. Many of these studies involve plant-derived natural compounds. In these studies, cell differentiation, signal transduction pathways, and bone resorption were measured at the cellular level. In disease-induced animal models, the amount of inflammatory mediators or matrix destructive enzymes and serum metabolic markers were measured. This study examined the effects of plant-derived natural compounds, such as flavonoids, on inflammatory bone destructive diseases. In addition, we structurally classified various substances used to maintain bone health and summarized the biological effects and related mechanisms of the components.

PURPOSES: Spalling is one of the primary problems that lead to the damage of concrete pavements. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact range of spalling that occurred in an area of concrete pavement by applying a variety of nondestructive and destructive testing methods. METHODS: Spalling of the concrete pavement was categorized into four different sizes, 0 cm, 7.5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm. Nondestructive and destructive tests were performed at the point of spalling and 1 m away, respectively, and the obtained results were compared. The nondestructive tests included the electrical resistance test and the ultrasonic velocity test as well as strength tests by Schmidt hammer and concrete tester. The destructive tests included the direct compressive strength test and the chloride content test using field cored specimens. The test results helped in the analysis of the correlation between the current spalling damage condition and the expected damage acceleration. RESULTS: Based on the present study, the repair area and depth of spalling for a partial depth repair was suggested. It was also shown that the size of the spalling is highly correlated with the chloride content and the electrical resistance of the concrete pavement. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of spalling deterioration was found to be highly correlated with the chloride content and electrical resistance of the concrete pavement and based on the results, the extent of repair could be determined more quantitatively.

The visual inspection device was developed for non-destructive test of piping from the inside. The developed components of the system can be classified as camera module, main body module named crawler module and system module. Because the system has driving part as electric motors, it can run not only the horizontal and vertical straight lines but also bend lines. The system has video processors, it can make it possible to display the video on the monitor and to save the video clips simultaneously. Several tests were performed to check the development objectives.

최근 전체산업에서 차지하는 서비스분야의 비중이 높아짐에 따라 자신이 실제 느끼는 감정과는 다른 표현을 하며 일해야 하는 감정노동자들의 고충이 사회적 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 이러한 감정노동자들은 고객들에게 심한 모욕과 비인격적인 대우를 받아도 조직이 정한 감정규칙을 준수하여 항상 친절한 응대 와 태도를 유지하도록 요구받고 있다. 이로 인해 감정노동자들은 심한 심리적 불안과 스트레스에 직면하고 있으며 이는 각종 질환에 노출되게 한다. 이러한 상황에서 감정노동자들의 직무불만족으로 인해 이직률이 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서비스 종사원의 감정노동전략을 표면행동과 내면행동으로 구분하여 감정부조화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 감정부조화가 직무불만족에 미치는 영향과 직무 불만족이 파괴적인 반응행동인 태만행동과 이탈행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 감정표현규칙 몰입이 감정노동과 감정부조화의 관계를 어떻게 조절하는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 서비스업에 종사하는 감정노동자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 총 380부의 설문지가 배포되었고, 불성실한 응답을 제외한 377부의 설문지가 분석에 활용되었다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 표면행동은 감정부조화에 정(+)의 유의적인 영향을 미치고 내면행동은 감정부조화에 부(-)의 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 감정부조화는 직무불만족에 정(+)의 유의적인 영향을 미치며 셋째, 직무불만족은 태만행동과 이탈행동에 모두 정(+)의 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 감정노동이 감정부조화와 직무불만족을 이중매개로 태만행동과 이탈행동에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 마지막으로, 감정표현규칙 몰입이 높을수록 내면행동은 감정부조화에 미치는 효과가 유의하게 나타났으나 표면행동은 유의하게 나타나지 않아 감정표현규칙 몰입의 조절효과가 일부만 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 이론적 및 실무적 시사점과 향후과제를 제시하였다.

Plant physiological indices for Euryale ferox Salisb. an endangered aquatic plant from Gyeongsan Province, were analyzed in this study. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was highest at 0.820 in Dongguji and lowest at 0.592 in Dongjaji; the SR (Simple Ratio) index was highest at 10.240 in Dongguji and lowest at 4.312 in Dongjaji; and the PRI (Photochemical Reflectance Index) was highest at 0.039 in Dongguji and lowest at −0.036 in Dongjaji. The CRI1 (Carotenoid Reflectance Index 1) index was in Sahwaji and Waji at 8.881 and 12.988, respectively, and the CRI2 (Carotenoid Reflectance Index 2) index was highest at 7.889 in Sahwaji and lowest at 11.889 in Dongjaji.

PURPOSES: It is theoretically well known all over the world, that porous hot mixed asphalt (HMA) with hydrated Lime improves moisture and rutting resistance, and reduces pothole occurrence frequency, as well as the life cycle cost (LCC). METHODS : Addictive in the two different formations of the liquid anti-stripping Agent and powder Hydrated-Lime was applied in this investigation in order to obtain relatively clear results according to their types and conditions. Firstly, the moisture conditions were set, and applied to the porous HMA mixtures with hydrated lime (anti-stripping agent). Next, it was followed by a non-destructive test with the application of three freeze-thaw cycles, which were individually carried out thrice to compare the results of the dynamic moduli. Lastly, the hydrated lime effect related to moisture sensibility to porous HMA has been verified through the analysis of the modulus results regarding the change rate of dynamic modulus per n-cycle. RESULTS: It is clear from this investigation, that the dynamic modulus is inversely proportional to the change in temperature, as the graph representing the rigidity of the thermorheologically simple (TRS) material showed gradual decline of the dynamic modulus with the increase in temperature. CONCLUSIONS: The porous HMA mixture with the anti-stripping agent (hydrated Lime) has been found to be more moisture resistant to freezing and thawing than the normal porous HMA mixture. It is clear that the hydrated lime helps the HMA mixture to improve its fatigue resistance.

본 연구에서는 서모소닉 시험을 위한 실용적이고 편리한 PZT 가진 시스템을 구축하고 그 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. PZT 가진기의 성능 평가 및 가진기와 시험체와의 다양한 연결방법의 효과에 대하여 평가하기 위한 실험 을 수행하였다. 실험은 서로 다른 두께를 가진 금속 플레이트를 이용하여 수행되었다. 본 논문에는 실험 장치 및 다양한 연결방법의 성능 시험 결과가 소개되었다. 실험 결과 가진기의 공진 주파수 근처에서 작은 입력 전압과 작은 힘을 이용하여 큰 변형률을 가진 다수의 모드를 가진 할 수 있었고 이 결과는 가진 중에 비선형 진동의 발 생 없이 서모소닉 시험을 위해 충분한 변형률을 얻을 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. 결과적으로 결함 검출을 위해 작은 크기의 변형률이 필요한 시험체의 경우 작은 PZT 가진기가 간편하고 신뢰성 있는 가진 시스템을 제공 할 수 있다는 가능성을 보여주었다.

PURPOSES: This study is to evaluate the dynamic modulus changes of permeable asphalt mixtures by using non-destructive impact testing method and to compare the dynamic moduli of permeable asphalt mixtures through repeated freezing and thawing conditions. METHODS: For the study, non-destructive impact testing method is used in order to obtain dynamic modulus of asphalt specimen and to confirm the change of dynamic modulus before and after freezing and thawing conditions. RESULTS : This study has shown that the dynamic moduli of asphalt concrete specimens consisting of 10%, 15% and 20% porosity are reduced by 11.851%, 1.9564%, 24.593% after freezing and thawing cycles. CONCLUSIONS : Non-destructive impact testing method is very useful and has repeatability. Specimen with 15% porosity has high durability than others.